Sizovuta kulima biringanya, monga zikuwonekeranso ndi ndemanga za omwe adziwa zamaluwa. Pofufuza mavuto omwe adakumana nawo akamalima masamba wowonjezera kutentha, milandu yambiri imatha kupewedwa ndipo imadzitamandira ndi zokolola zabwino potsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, kuthirira ndikukula bwino.
Kodi ndizotheka kulima mabilinganya mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kukula biringanya kutchire kapena kotsekemera kotsekedwa kumakhala vuto kwa wamaluwa aliyense. Sikuti aliyense amapambana pochita izi, makamaka zikafika pakulima masamba ku Urals kapena Siberia.
Nyengo yovuta kwambiri, ukadaulo walimi wopanda phindu, chifukwa chikhalidwe chimakula bwino pokhapokha pakakhala kutentha. Sizingatheke popanda kutentha kwanyumba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chinthu china chamtengo wapatali chimagwera wolima dimba.
Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kuthekera kokulima zipatso zakumwera m'chigawo chapakati ndi Siberia. Chifukwa cha ntchito yowawa komanso yanthawi yayitali ya obeta, zinali zotheka kupanga mitundu yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira komanso matenda.
Ma hybridi otchuka ndi awa: Sailor, Robin Hood, Almaz, Albatross, ndi zina zambiri.
Zofunikira pakukula mu wowonjezera kutentha wa polycarbonate
Biringanya agrotechnology ndi yosavuta, koma ili ndi zina zapadera.
Zinsinsi zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
- Kusankhidwa kolondola kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana (mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasamba obiriwira imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 20 ya ndiwo zamasamba zosazizira);
- zomangamanga ayenera kukhala ndi zotulutsa Kutha kusintha kayendedwe ka kutentha ndikuchita mpweya wabwino;
- kusunga kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha amakhala ndi Kutentha (kwa madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta);
- masana maola chomera ayenera kukhala pasanathe maola 12, pakakhala kusowa kwa magetsi, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa nyali za fulorosenti;
- kuthirira kumachitika madzi ofunda (24 madigiri), kuthirira kuyenera kuyambika kuyambira tsiku lachisanu mutabzala, yesetsani kupopera masamba;
- nthaka iyenera kuthira umuna, kapangidwe kake ndi kotayirira;
- Pakadutsa maluwa, maluwa ochulukirapo amachotsedwa (kugawa magawo a zipatso);
- monga chikhalidwe chimayamba, mwadongosolo tchulani zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti wamaluwa woyambira kumene adziwe bwino njira zaulimi wa biringanya m'malo otenthetsa, pomwe mbewu zimatetezedwa ku mphepo, kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi zina zanyengo.
Momwe mungasankhire wowonjezera kutentha kubzala panja panja
Njira yabwino ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera polycarbonate, imatha kuteteza mabilinganya kuti asazizidwe ndikupereka kuwala kokwanira ndipo ndikosavuta kupanga ndi manja anu. Pamasiku otentha, zinthu zimakhala bwino, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha.
Monga chowonjezera chowonjezera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito akalowa mkati ndi anti-condensation zojambulazo.
Zilonda zamasamba sizimasiyana pakukula kwa tchire, chifukwa chake sipafunikira dongosolo lalikulu, ndikwanira kusankha njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zizindikilo kuchokera 1.8 mpaka 2.5 m.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta, wowonjezera kutentha amakhala bwino khazikitsani maziko, yomanga mopepuka pang'ono ndi kuya kwa masentimita 20 pansi penipeni pa nthaka. Chojambulacho chimatha kupangidwa ndi mbiri ya matabwa ndi chitsulo. Kupezeka kwa ma vents oyendetsera kutentha ndi mpweya kumatengedwa ngati kovomerezeka.
Powerengera phindu la wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbeu 3-4 zimayikidwa pa 1 m2.
Zokolola zomwe zawonetsedwa pamakalata a mbewu ndizotsika kwenikweni, chifukwa chake chiwerengerocho chimachepetsedwa ndi 20-30%. Chiwerengero cha zitsamba zomwe zidabzalidwa chimadalira dera la wowonjezera kutentha komwe amakulira. Ngati yamangidwa makamaka kubzala mbewu zamasamba, ndiye kuti magawo onse azinthu zodulira komanso kuthekera kopanga kutentha (kutentha) kumaganiziridwa.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha 2x3m zingabzalidwe 18-24 mbande biringanya.
Nthawi yoyenera kutsika
Mbande za biringanya zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka pokhapokha pamene kuopsa kwa chisanu usiku kumadutsa... Nthawi imeneyi pakati panjira ndi theka lachiwiri la Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, ntchito imayamba koyambirira, popeza kukhalapo kwa pogona sikumaphatikizira kuzizira kwa mphukira zazing'ono kutentha pang'ono, ndipo dzuwa masana liziwotcha makoma a nyumbayo ndikupanga zofunikira pakukula kwachikhalidwe. Pokonzekera nthawi yobzala, zofunikira za wowonjezera kutentha ndi nyengo yamderali zimaganiziridwa.
Ngati mbande zimakula pamalonda, ndiye kuti kufesa kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa February mpaka koyambirira kwa Marichi... Pakadutsa masiku 65 mbande zisasamutsidwe kupita kumunda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukonzekeretsa koyambirira kwa Meyi. N'zotheka kusinthitsa masiku obzala ndi kufalitsa masiku 7-10, ngati pali zina.
M'nyumba zotentha, mutha kubzala biringanya theka lachiwiri la Januware... Ndi ndondomekoyi, masiku osindikizira amasinthidwa kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Teknoloji iyi siyotsika mtengo, chifukwa chake ndiyofunika kuwerengera phindu poyamba.
M'dera la Moscow, mbande za buluu zimasamutsidwa kubzala mpaka Meyi 10-15. Ku Krasnodar Territory ndi Siberia, zochitikazi zikukonzekera theka lachiwiri la Meyi, ndipo nthawi zina kumayambiriro kwa Juni.
Kodi chiwembu chodzala mbande ndi chiani?
Mukamabzala mbande, chinthu chachikulu musalole kuti mabedi azikula, izi zimabweretsa zokolola zochepa komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka chotenga matenda a fungal.
1 m2 ili pafupifupi zomera zisanu m'nyumba zotentha, osaposa atatu - m'malo osatenthezeka. Mukamapanga mabedi m'mizere, kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- Mzere wa mzere - 60-65 cm;
- Mtunda pakati pa mabowo mzere ndi 30-35 cm.
Kuzama kwa kubzala mbande ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 18. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kusintha kwa mphukira zazing'ono kumayenderana Madigiri 18-20 (pansi osachepera madigiri 15).
Kwa mitundu yokhala ndi tchire lofalikira, chiwembu chokhala ndi mabowo (60 cm) ndichabwino kwambiri. Zomera zomwe sizikukula kwambiri zimabzalidwa m'mizere iwiri ndi mzere wa masentimita 65, mtunda pakati pa tchire mzere ndi 40-45 cm.
Kusamalira mphukira zoyamba
Pambuyo kumera, mbande zimafunikira mikhalidwe yapadera komanso kutentha. Madigiri 18-20.
Kuyatsa
Kukula kwabwino kwa mphukira zazing'ono, pamafunika masana maola 12 osachepera.
Kuti muwonetsetse izi, muyenera kuziyika m'nyumba nyali za fulorosenti... Kuunikira kowonjezera kuyenera kugawidwa mofanana pazidebe zonse za mmera.
Kuthirira
Chinyezi chowonjezera chimatha kubweretsa kufa kwa chomeracho, motero mbande imathiriridwa pang'ono. Njira zonse - Nthawi 1 m'masiku 3-5... Madzi amalowetsedwa m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono m'nthaka, osati pazomera.
Zovala zapamwamba ndi feteleza
Kudyetsa koyamba kumapangidwa pambuyo mphukira zoyamba kuwonekera... Kusankhidwa kwa feteleza kumaganiziridwa bwino, chifukwa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chimadalira zomwe zimapezeka.
Alimi ena amakonda njira zamadzi, monga potaziyamu nitrate (3 magalamu pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Mukamayambitsa madzi, yesetsani kuti musafike pamasamba, kuti musawotche. Njira yothetsera phulusa imawerengedwa kuti ndiyothandiza (kapu ya phulusa yamalita 7 amadzi). Feteleza Kemira Lux (2 magalamu pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) zatsimikizika bwino.
Kudyetsa kwachiwiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo masabata 3-4... Zotsatirazi sizitaya kufunikira kwake: Biohumus, Healthy Garden, Bioton. Amakhala otetezeka mwamtheradi pachikhalidwe, koma amachita ntchito yabwino ndi ntchitoyi.
Ngati mphukira zachepetsa kukula kwawo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito izi: Agricola forte, Signor, Abwino.
Kusamalira biringanya zomwe zakula
Kuuluka
Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi maluwa okonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, njira yoyendetsera mungu imachitika zokha... Kuti muwonjezere zotsatira m'mawa, mutha kuyenda m'mizere ndikugwedeza chitsamba chilichonse mopepuka. Njira zowonjezereka zoyendetsera mungu siziperekedwa.
Mbali mapangidwe tchire
Kuti muwonjezere zipatso, tchire la biringanya liyenera kukhomedwa.
Itha kupangidwa m'njira zitatu: chimodzi, ziwiri kapena zitatu zimayambira... Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera imasankhidwa poganizira momwe mitunduyo imasinthira. Mazira ochulukirapo amadzikoka okha, kuteteza zipatso zina zonse kuti zisayambike, chifukwa chake, zimawoneka zofunikira kuzichotsa.
Mukamalima masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha kudulira kumachitika milungu iwiri mutabzala mbande. Pazifukwa izi, njira zonse zomwe zili pansi pa nthambi yoyamba zimachotsedwa. Pambuyo popanga mphukira 4-5, tsinani pamwamba.
Mukamachita izi, mutha kuyang'ana kutalika kwa chitsamba, ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa masentimita 25-30. Kuti mukhale ndi mitundu yayitali, mungafunikire kumangirira tchire.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa koyenera
Patatha masiku asanu mutabzala mbande pamabedi wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kuthirira mbewuzo madzi ofunda... Njira zowonjezerapo zomwe muyenera kuchita kamodzi pa sabata, bwino m'mawa. Madzi amathiridwa pansi pa muzu wa chomeracho kuti masambawo aziuma.
Kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi, tikulimbikitsidwa mulch mabedi. Izi zimalowa m'malo momasuka, zomwe zitha kuwononga mizu.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda a mafangasi, muyenera nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino wowonjezera kutentha.
Pa nyengo yokula, biringanya amadyetsedwa Nthawi 3-5... Mukamabzala masamba wowonjezera kutentha, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta: Solution, Kemira universal (pachidebe chamadzi, 1.5 tbsp. L wa mankhwalawo). Pambuyo popanga mazira ambiri, feteleza wa nayitrogeni-phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito (kwa chidebe cha madzi, 1 tsp ya ammonium nitrate, 1 tbsp ya superphosphate).
Zogulitsa zamagulu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuvala, koma siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kuti zisakhumudwitse masamba obiriwira. Kwa biringanya, Biud ndi yabwino (kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi molingana ndi 1:20).
Zowopsa pakukula biringanya
Mukamabzala biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha, mavuto otsatirawa akhoza kubwera:
- chikasu cha masamba (chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuphwanya boma lothirira kapena kuyambitsa feteleza, matenda nawonso samachotsedwa);
- kugwa kwa mazira ambiri (kumachitika chifukwa chosowa kapena chinyezi chowonjezera);
- chitsamba chimakula bwino, ndipo thumba losunga mazira limapangidwa molakwika (chifukwa chake chimakhala kudyetsa mopitilira muyeso ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kapena kusadulira);
- chomeracho chimamasula, koma sichimabala zipatso (kuyendetsa bwino mungu kumafunikira);
- masamba azipiringa (zomwe zingayambitse: tizirombo, chinyezi chowonjezera, kusowa kwa kuwala);
- mawanga pamasamba (nthawi zambiri chifukwa chake ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa);
- kukula kofooka kwa mphukira mutatha kuziika (kuchepa kwa chitukuko kumayenderana kwambiri ndi mizu, muyenera kudyetsa "Kornevin").
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Kukolola kwakonzekera nthawi yakucha ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukolola kwapadera kumachitika patatha masiku 25-40 maluwawo atamera.
Simuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi mtundu, musanakhwime, khungu la chipatso limakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro choyamba chikanakhala kukula kwa zamkati... Mukakanikiza pa biringanya, kanthete kakang'ono kamatsalira, kamachiritsa mwachangu kwambiri.
Zipatso zakupsa zimadulidwa ndikudulira mitengo, kusiya mchira wa masentimita 3-5. mdima (nthawi zambiri chapansi). Masamba atha kuyikidwa m'mabokosi m'magawo awiri. Pofuna kuti nthawi yokolola ikhale yayitali, masamba amaikidwa ndi udzu kapena zikopa. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwunikanso milungu iwiri iliyonse kuti muchotse zomwe zimawonongeka m'bokosilo.
Ndemanga za wamaluwa za kukula kwa ndiwo zamasamba m'nyumba zosungira
Vladimir Ivanovich, wazaka 62
Nyengo yathu ya Ural siyabwino masamba onse, makamaka mabilinganya. Kodi mitundu sanayese. Zoyesayesa zanga zidakwaniritsidwa - Mtsinje wa ku Mongolia anadziwonetsera m'njira yosayembekezereka. Ndinatenga zipatso 7-9 kuthengo. Ndikupitirizabe kuyesa, koma ndidzabzala zosiyanasiyana, ndikudalira zokolola.
Taisiya, wazaka 47
Mpaka pomwe adapeza mitundu yoyenera yolimidwa wowonjezera kutentha, adati adayesayesa kulima biringanya chifukwa cha zolakwa zake posamalira. Mutatenga chitsanzo kuchokera Black Prince ndi Mary, yemwe adasokoneza mowolowa manja, adazindikira kuti kusankha mbewu kumachita pafupifupi gawo lalikulu.
Andrey, wazaka 30
Kapangidwe kakang'ono kowonjezera kutentha ndiye gwero la ndalama zanga, chifukwa chake ndimayesetsa kuphunzira kuchokera pazomwe alimi ena adachita kuti achepetse zoopsa.
Biringanya ndi chomera chosasamala, koma, malinga ndi kayendedwe ka kutentha ndi nthawi yodyetsa, imapatsa zipatso mowolowa manja. Ukadaulo waulimi suphatikiza kutola mbande, ndipo ndimachotsa kumasuka ndikulunga mabedi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu idadabwitsa: Carlson, Marzipan, King of the North, Lolita.
Valentina Kuzminichna, wazaka 59
Ndimabzala mbewu masiku 75 ndisanafike kumunda. Kuti ndichite izi, ndimagwiritsa ntchito makapu apulasitiki ochepa, ndikuwadzaza ndi gawo lapansi ndi 2/3. Ndimasunthira pabedi lam'munda mwachindunji ndi nthaka, kuti ndisawononge mizu. Ndimadyetsa mbeu masiku aliwonse 10-12 (Fertility humate, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, phulusa la nkhuni).
Daria, wazaka 40
Kwa iwo omwe adayamba kulima mabilinganya mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikukulangizani samalani kukonzekera nthaka ndikuwongolera kutentha... Kukongola kotuluka pamasamba a mbande kumawonetsa vuto ndipo nthawi zambiri limayenera kufunidwa pakuthirira. Kusowa kwa madzi ndi kowopsa monga kuchuluka kwake, ndipo sikophweka kupanga boma loyenera munthawi ya kutentha.
Kutsatira malamulo omveka bwino okhudza kulima, kubzala mbande ndi kukolola zokolola zabwino za biringanya kudzagwira ntchito ngakhale mdera lomwe nyengo yake ili yovuta. Kapangidwe kowonjezera kutentha kamatha kupereka malo oyenera ngati nthaka ndi nthaka zathiridwa mankhwala munthawi yake, zomangidwa, kuthira feteleza ndikusamalidwa bwino.