Olima minda ambiri komanso minda yayikulu amakonda mitundu yodalirika ya Centurion anyezi kuti asamawonongeke, kukolola kwapamwamba komanso kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali.
Zomera zomwe zimafalikira kwambiri ndi za mitundu yoyambirira yosankhidwa ku Dutch. Ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wodalirika ndipo umawonetsa zotsatira zabwino zakumera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a centurion anyezi osiyanasiyana
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 80 ndipo chimakhala ndi masamba otupa, wojambulidwa wobiriwira kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimapanga mitu yapakatikati. Kulemera kwa anyezi mmodzi kumayambira 100 mpaka 150g. Babuyo ndi yozungulira, yolumikizidwa pang'ono ndi mankhusu owala ndi utoto wowala. Khosi laling'ono limapanga chotchinga chodalirika motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalowa m'matumbo oyera, omwe amateteza anyezi kuti asawonongeke.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, pansi pang'ono komanso khosi laling'ono, ndiwo zamasamba ndizotheka kudula, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amatulutsa zinyalala zambiri. Ndipo kukoma kwa mankhwalawa, komwe kumadziwika ndi pungency, piquancy ndi fungo lonunkhira, kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za akatswiri azophikira.
Ubwino
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri, chifukwa chake ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa olima masamba. Makhalidwe abwino ndi awa:
- zokolola zambiri, kuchokera pa 1 m2 yazomera zomwe mungatenge kuchokera ku 4 kg ya turnips;
- kukula bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana anyengo;
- kukoma kwabwino kosiyanasiyana;
- kukana kuwombera, motero zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kukula pa nthenga;
- kukana matenda, Khalidwe la mitunduyi, chifukwa cha izi, silikusowa kukonzanso kwina pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala;
- oyenera kusungitsa nthawi yayitali kunyumba;
- chinthu chapadziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso choyenera kumalongeza.
Makonda ndi mawonekedwe amitunduyo amalola Centurion kuti iphatikizidwe pamtengo wokwera kwambiri, womwe umatsimikizira phindu labwino polimidwa.
Kuti mupatse banja lonse malo osungira anyezi m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi zofunikira mukamabzala mbewu zamasamba.
Madeti ofikira
Mukamapanga izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kubzala, chifukwa kubzala koyambirira kumatha kuyika masamba kuti asazizidwe, ndipo kubzala mochedwa sikulola mababu ndi nthenga kukula.
Chikhalidwe chake chachikulu ndikuti dothi litenthe mpaka 15̊C kutentha ndipo ngati silikuwonedwa, zokolola zake zimakhala zochepa.
Chofunika panthaka
Posankha malo okwerera, muyenera kusamala ndi malo otseguka komanso owala bwino. Ngakhale chikhalidwechi ndichabwino, sichilola madzi ochulukirapo, chifukwa chake muyenera kupewa malo omwe madzi apansi panthaka amayandikira pafupi ndi dziko lapansi.
Nthaka za mchenga wa mchenga zimayenererana bwino ndi mitundu ya Centurion. Mulingo wa acidity uyenera kukhala wopanda mbali, chifukwa nthaka ya acidic imabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa zokolola. Pofuna kuchepetsa acidity, phulusa la ng'anjo kapena fumbi la simenti limatha kuwonjezeredwa chaka chimodzi musanadzalemo.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yokonzeka kugwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- Chotsani malo osankhidwa ndi namsongole, chifukwa amakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
- Ikani feteleza pamene mukumasula nthaka yapamwambayi. Izi zithandizira michere kulowa m'madzi, komanso kuwonjezera zatsalira za udzu;
- Nyengo yachisanu isanafike, kumbani mabediwo mozama pafupifupi masentimita 25.
Chikhalidwe ichi sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti chibzalidwe m'dziko lobzala chaka chatha; malo ake ayenera kusinthidwa. Nthawi yotsatira zidzakhala zotheka kudzala mbewu mdera lomwelo pokhapokha patatha zaka zitatu.
Kufesa malamulo
Zolemba zokolola zitha kupezeka ndi chiwembu chokula zaka ziwiri.
Makhalidwe okula mchaka choyamba
Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbewu imadziwika kuti ndi kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Njira yobzala imaphatikizapo izi:
- Lembani nyemba m'madzi kwa maola 24 musanafese. Zowonjezera kukula zitha kuwonjezeredwa m'madzi. Kenako ikani nyembazo pa nsalu ndikuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
- Konzani mizere ya mbeu yozama masentimita 3-4, mtunda wa masentimita 20 pakati pawo.
- Konzeketsani pansi pa mzere ndi feteleza ndipo moyenera ikani malo obzala pamlingo wa 3g wa mbeu pa 1m2.
- Thirani nthaka yosalala pamwamba ndikuyiphatika pang'ono.
Zokolola za mbande zimatha kupitilira matani 15 pa hekitala. Mutha kukolola sevok patatha masiku 90 mutabzala. Pambuyo pake, iyenera kukonzekera kusungidwa ndikuyika nyengo yozizira mchipinda chosankhidwa mwapadera kutentha ndi chinyezi chovomerezeka.
Malamulo oyambira chaka chachiwiri chokula
Choyamba, m'pofunika kuthetsa malowa, kuchotsa zitsanzo zowonongeka ndi zowola. Kenaka konzekerani mababu omwe mwasankha kuti mubzale pansi pa chivundikiro kwa masiku atatu ndikupitilira kubzala mbande.
- Pangani mabowo obzala, akuya kwake ndi masentimita 6-8. Mtunda wapakati pamizere uyenera kukhala mkati mwa 10-12 cm.
- Yambitsani zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zitha kuvunda manyowa, phulusa lamatabwa.
- Ikani zokhazikitsidwa m'mabowo okonzeka ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 8 wina ndi mnzake.
- Phimbani mabowo ndi nthaka ndikupondaponda pang'ono.
Kuyamba kwa kukhwima kwaukadaulo kumachitika m'masiku 75. Zokolola zimatha kukololedwa kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Ndondomeko za chisamaliro cha anyezi
Mukamabzala mbeu iliyonse yamasamba, kubzala moyenera ndikofunikira, komanso chisamaliro china, chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo onse. Izi zimafuna:
- Chitani madzi okwanira nthawi zonse pakukula kuyambitsa kukula kwa masamba, komwe kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kumapeto kwa kukula kwa masamba, ndikuimitsa milungu itatu isanakolole. Madzi ayenera kuchitidwa mosamala, osawononga nthenga. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha, chifukwa madzi ozizira amatha kuyambitsa kuwonekera kwa udzu.
- Kupalira ndi kumasula nthaka kuti tiwonetsetse kusinthasintha kwa mpweya, izi zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukula kwa mbewu zamasamba;
- Mu nthawi yake kuchotsa namsongole, monga amathandizira kusunga chinyezi pamwamba pake, zomwe zimabweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokana matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi. Komanso, ngati namsongole sadzawonongedwe munthawi yake, khosi limakhala lokhala ndi madzi ambiri ndipo izi zimakhudza kusungira masamba, chifukwa amayamba kuvunda.
- Yambitsani zakudya kutengera nthaka yomwe anyezi wabzalidwa.
- Yang'anirani nthawi zonse zomera za matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndipo ngati wapezeka, achitepo kanthu moyenera.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Tizilombo tofala kwambiri pa anyezi a Centurion ndi ntchentche ya anyezi. Akawululidwa, masambawo sangathe kuchita zinthu ngati turgor ndipo, kutembenukira chikaso, kupiringa. Ndikofunika kuthana ndi tizilombo posachedwa, popeza masamba okhawo amakhudzidwa, komanso phesi ndi mbewu. Pali mankhwala azitsamba komanso mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi ntchentche za anyezi.
Anyezi njenjete, agulugufe ang'onoang'ono a bulauni amathanso kukhala tizilombo toopsa. Zowonongekazi zimabwera makamaka osati ndi zinthu zazikulu, koma ndi mphutsi zomwe zimadya chomeracho parenchyma. Pofuna kupewa, muyenera kupalira nthawi zonse mabedi, ndikugawa moyenera mbewu. PPochiza anyezi, amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe fungo lawo limathamangitsa tizilombo. Izi zitha kukhala zopangidwa ndi mankhwala zomwe zidagulidwa m'sitolo kapena zakonzedwa kunyumba.
Kasupe wonyowa wokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono amakhumudwitsa mawonekedwe a udzu. Popeza madzi amvula amasonkhana pamasamba a anyezi ndikuthandizira kukulitsa matenda a fungus, akawonekera, dimba lonse limatha kutenga kachilomboka m'masiku ochepa okha. Pofuna kupewa ndi kulandira chithandizo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Matenda owopsa a bakiteriya a Centurion anyezi ndi owola pansi, omwe amalowa mmera kudzera munthaka yonyansa ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa mbewuyo.... Matendawa akhoza kuthetsedwa pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera.
Kuti anyezi akule bwino ndipo asakhale ndi mphutsi za tizilombo, m'pofunika kutenga nthawi yoyenera kuti tithane ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Ndi akatswiri oyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera, zotsatira zomwe mukufuna zingapezeke mosavuta. Nthawi yokolola anyezi imayamba nthawi yomwe masamba amagwa, ndipo khosi silimatha kuwasunga mofanana.
Zndipo kutatsala milungu yochepa kuti mukolole, muyenera kusiya kuthirira ndikuumitsa nthaka pang'ono. Dulani mababu mosamala osawononga pansi. Musanayambe kuyeretsa kuti musungire zosungira, muyenera kuganizira babu iliyonse mosamala ndikuyika zoyikapo zilizonse zokayika kuti mugwiritse ntchito poyamba.
Ndikofunika kuyika zokolola padzuwa ndikuzisiya kuti ziume pang'ono. Nthawi yamvula, ikanipo pansi pa denga kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukuyenda mokwanira. Kenako ikani anyezi m'mabokosi amatabwa, matumba a nayiloni kapena maukonde. Mutha kusunga masamba ambiri.
Ngati zofunikira zikuwonedwa, nthawi yosungirako ikhoza kukhala mpaka miyezi 8. Ndikofunika kuti chipinda chomwe masamba adayikapo chikhale chamdima, chozizira komanso chowuma.
Zodabwitsa za anyezi a Centurion ndimakomedwe ake onunkhira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chotchuka komanso chofunikira pakukonzekera zaluso zophikira. Ngati mutsatira njira zonse za agrotechnical pomanga ndikutsatira malangizo oyenera, mutha kukolola kwambiri anyezi wamkulu.