Bakha wa Peking ndi amodzi mwamitundu yofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mitundu ya nyama idasankhidwa posankhidwa m'zaka za zana la 18 ku Beijing. Idafalikira mwachangu ku China ndikutenga malo opambana. Patapita nthawi, mbalameyi inabweretsedwa ku America ndi ku Ulaya. Chifukwa chakubala kwambiri komanso nyama yabwino, bakha wa Peking walowa m'malo mwa mitundu yambiri ya aborigine ndipo lero amaweta kunyumba.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Torso ali ndi mawonekedwe otalika komanso okwezedwa. Mtundu wa thupi champhamvu, chifuwa chachikulu, nsana wautali, mchira wakwezedwa. Mutu waukulu, wamtali umakhala pakhosi lolimba, lopindika, wokhala ndi dera loyang'ana kutsogolo. Short wandiweyani miyendo amapezeka pafupi ndi mchira ndipo ali ndi mtundu wofiira wa lalanje. Mapiko amphamvu, pafupi ndi thupi, kuima mphamvu zawo ndi waukulu kuchuluka. Mdima wabuluu, waukulu, wonyezimira maso... Mlomo wa lalanje ndi wokulirapo, wopindika pang'ono. Mitengo woyera, mkulu osalimba. Minofu Ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kachingwe kakang'ono kothandizira. Kuti mumve tsatanetsatane, mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro a alimi za mtunduwu, onani pansipa.
Bakha wa peking amadziwika ndi wosakhazikika mtima, yomwe imachitika chifukwa chamanjenje ake osangalatsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mbalame imalira, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto kwa obereketsa ena. Pofuna kupewa phokoso la abakha, amapanga zinthu zabwino komanso bata, ngati zoyipa zakunja zichotsedwa, mbalameyo imachita bata ndi bata.
Zinthu zosunga ndikukula
Kulima abakha a Peking, onse m'makampani komanso m'nyumba, ndizotheka yosavuta komanso yopindulitsa bizinesi. Kudziwa zofunikira zenizeni ndikuwona zofunikira ndipo kudyetsa kumatha kuchita bwino munthawi yolemba.
Pazogulitsa mbalameyi imasungidwa m'malo okonzekereratu. Nyumba za nkhuku zili ndi zida kuyatsa yokumba, Kutentha, chakudya basi ndi madzi. Microclimate imayang'aniridwa, ndipo miyezo yonse yaukhondo imayang'aniridwa.
M'minda yam'nyumba Kwa abakha a Peking, nyumba za nkhuku zikumangidwa kapena nyumba zomwe zikusinthidwa zikusinthidwa. Nyumbayo iyenera kupangidwa njerwa, palibe ming'alu kapena mabowo. Ngati ndi kotheka, chipindacho chimakhala ndi zotsekemera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti muchepetse kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Kutentha sikuyenera kudutsa padenga kapena pansi, ngati mawindo ali akale, ndiye kuti ayenera kukonzedwa. Zipinda zokhala pansi kapena matabwa siziloledwa. Pansi pake pamapangidwa ndi konkriti. Kugonana kwabwino Sikuti imangotha kutentha, komanso imalepheretsa makoswe kulowa m'khola, zomwe zimatha kuwononga mbalamezo mosasinthika.
Laz Amapangidwa mbali yakumwera, dzenje liyenera kutsekedwa bwino ndi chitseko ndipo lili kutalika kwa masentimita 5-8 kuchokera pansi. Kutalika kwa dzenje ndi 30-40 cm, m'lifupi mwake ndi 40 cm. zokolola zochuluka mbalame zimafunikira kuyatsa kwanthawi zonse. Kuunikira kwapangidwe kumayikidwa pamlingo wa 5 watts pa 1 mita mita imodzi pansi. Zowonetsa zimapachikidwa pama mababu. Zokhudza kuwala kwachilengedwe, kenako 1 sq. mamita pansi ayenera kukhala 100 cm2 mawindo. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kuwala, kupanga dzira kumachepa, chifukwa masana amawonjezeredwa mpaka maola 12 patsiku chifukwa cha kuyatsa kopangira.
Nyumba iliyonse ya nkhuku iyenera kukhala nayo zisa, amapangidwa ndi plywood kapena matabwa. Zigawo zowonjezera zowonjezera: 40x50, kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Pakhomo la chisa, pamakhala gawo la masentimita 8-10. Zisa zimayikidwa m'mbali mwa nyumbayo m'malo amdima kuti bakha asasokonezedwe ndi mbalame zina.
Ma feeder amapangidwa ndi matabwa, omwe makulidwe ake amakhala masentimita 2-2.5. Popeza mbalame nthawi zambiri zimamwaza chakudya, bala limamangiriridwa pamwamba kuti bakha asakwere mkatimo. Kutalika kwa odyetsa mbalame zazikulu - masentimita 110, ndi katundu wachinyamata 100. M'lifupi mwa akuluakulu masentimita 23, kwa achinyamata masentimita 14.5. Ma feeder amapangidwa ndi zipinda zingapo kuti chakudya chamchere chizitha kugawidwa. Omwe amamwa vacuum amalimbikitsidwa kwa nyama zazing'ono komanso zazikulu.
Bakha wolira ndiwofunika mchilimwe pitirizani kuyenda ndikuyendetsa m'chipindacho usiku wokha. Poyenda, monga m'nyumba ya nkhuku, amaikidwa odyetsa, ndipo ngati palibe mwayi wosungira, ndiye omwa mowa... Kukonza chilimwe kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mtengo wa ndalama ndikuwononga udzu ndikuchepetsa mtengo wogwira ntchito pagawo lililonse lazopanga.
M'nyumba ya nkhuku palibe ma drafti omwe amaloledwa... M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha sikuyenera kutsika pansi pa 5 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu m'nyumba ya nkhuku 16 ° C, ndi chinyezi cha 60-70%. Chifukwa cha chivundikirocho, abakha amapirira chisanu ndikusunga kutentha pamatupi awo. Kutentha kotsika sikulekerera ngati mbalame ili ndi nthenga zonyansa. Ukhondo wa abakha umadalira momwe nyumbayo ilili, yomwe imayenera kutsukidwa ndi mpweya wokwanira. Monga zofunda zakuyandikugwiritsa ntchito utuchi, udzu, zometa ndi fulakesi. Zinyalala zakuya zimasunga nyengo yanyumba, zimayamwa chinyezi bwino ndipo zimatulutsa kutentha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Makilogalamu 20 a zinyalala pamutu pachaka. Chiwongola dzanja 1 sq. m: 2-3 akulu kapena 6-8 mitu ya nyama zazing'ono.
Kuphatikiza pa kusunga panja, abakha a Peking amatha kulimidwa m'makola. Maselo amaikidwa mnyumbamo mumbande zingapo, pansi pake pamakhala ma slats kapena mauna kuti miyendo ya mbalameyo isagwere kudzera m'mabowo. Ndi izi, abakha amadya bwino, amasuntha pang'ono ndikukula mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke phindu mofulumira kwambiri.
Makhalidwe a mtunduwo
Drake moyo kulemera - 3.6-4.2 makilogalamu, abakha - 3.4-3.9 makilogalamu. Ali ndi miyezi iwiri, nyama zazing'ono zimalemera 2.2-2.6 kg. Abakha amayamba kuikira mazira milungu 23, atakhala masiku 42, osasunthika 85-88%. Kupanga mazira - mazira 100-140 pachaka. Mazira akulu - 85-90 g. Kukula kwa nkhono - 0,38 mm. Kupanga dzira lalikulu kumasungidwa kwa zaka 2-3. Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha mutu umodzi ndi 340 g. Zokolola zakupha - 67%. Kutentha kwa thupi 42.2 ° C, abakha amapuma ndimayendedwe opumira 30-34 pamphindi. Abakha 5 amapatsidwa drake 1, i.e. banja lili ndi anthu 6.
Kuswana ndi kudyetsa
Mukamadyetsa bakha wa Peking, m'pofunika kukumbukira momwe zimakhalira ndi mtundu uwu. Abakha a peking afulumira kagayidwe... Matumbo ang'onoang'ono amathandizira kuyamwa mwachangu kwa chakudya (mu maola 4). Chifukwa cha izi, mbalameyi imayenera kupatsidwa chakudya nthawi zonse, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti muchepetse msanga.
Kuyamwa abakha bwino kumera pansi chakudya ndi chakudya chamagulu. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumadzi ndi 1k4. Munthu mmodzi wamkulu patsiku amakhala ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Mbalame zimakhala tcheru kudyetsa kusintha ndi kusokoneza chakudya.
CHOFUNIKA! Ndikusintha kwakukulu kwa zakudya m'mabakha a Peking, kupanga dzira kumatha kuchepa ndipo molt asanakwane ayamba.
Kudyetsa imachitika katatu patsiku. Zakudya zam'madzi zimaperekedwa m'mawa ndi masana, ndi tirigu madzulo, malinga ndi zikhalidwe ndi chakudya. Mash Amakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo asanadye ndipo amapatsidwa mwatsopano, sizoyenera kuti azidyetsedwa. Nthawi yakudya, mbalame iyenera kukhala yaulere kupeza madzi... Pafupipafupi, bakha patsiku ayenera kulandira 80 g ya oats, 75 g ya balere, 60 g ya chinangwa, 40 g wa beets wodyetsa, 15 g wa mphodza kapena nandolo, 40 g wa amadyera, 11 g wa chakudya cha nyama, 4 g wa fupa, 9 g wa choko ndi 1 g mchere mchere.
Kudyetsa anapiye kumayambira nthenga zauma. Masiku oyambirira Perekani dzira lodulidwa, ndizotheka ndikuwonjezera kanyumba kanyumba. Patapita masiku angapo Chakudya choyambira ndi masamba amadyetsedwa bwino amalowetsedwa muzakudya. Muyenera kudyetsa ana osachepera kasanu patsiku. Mahells akuthyoledwa ndi abwino ngati chovala chamchere. Kukula kwachinyamata ayenera kupatsidwa mavitamini owonjezera mavitamini.
CHOFUNIKA! Bakha woseketsa ndi nkhuku za ana zoyipa, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuswana anapiye mwachilengedwe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakanizira kuswana.
Matenda ndi chisamaliro
Ngakhale abakha a Peking ndi mitundu yolimba ya mbalame, amatengeka ndi ena matenda.
Avitaminosis
Liti mavitamini mbalame zimakhala zolefuka, kusowa kwa chakudya, kusunthika kwa kayendetsedwe kake kumasokonezeka, kukula kumachedwetsa, mapiko amatha, maso amatupa, kugwedezeka kumatuluka ndipo madzi amatuluka m'mphuno. Kuperewera kwa vitamini D kumatha kubweretsa ma rickets. Chakudya chamagulu ndi njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi kuchepa kwa mavitamini, ndipo ngati mbalame imayamba kukhala ndi matenda, ndiye kuti palibe chakudya chilichonse.
Matenda opatsirana
Chifukwa cha matendawa akhoza kukhala chakudya chomata, kumeza zinthu zakunja kapena chakudya chachikulu. Ngati mbalameyo isathandizidwe nthawi yomweyo, matendawa amatha kupita kumalo osachiritsika ndipo chotupacho chimasiya kuchepa. Ngati chotupacho chatsekedwa, muyenera kuyesa kuchichotsa nokha, ndikugwira bakha ndi miyendo mozondoka. Ngati vutoli ndi lalikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muimbire foni dokotalaamene adzatsegula chotupa chija.
Coccidiosis
Matendakumabweretsa ulesi, kuchepa kwa kupanga mazira, kusowa chakudya, komanso magazi, zotchinga. Imafalikira kudzera pachakudya ndi zida zodyetsera. Wodwala woyamba ayenera kukhala kutali ndi gulu lonselo. Pofuna kupewa coccidiosis, coccidin ndi sulfadimezin amawonjezeredwa m'madzi. Nyumba ya nkhuku yodwala Sanjani mankhwala ndi 3% formalin solution ndi yofooka potaziyamu permanganate.
Aspergillosis
Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri ankhandwe ndipo amatha kukhala akulu kugwa kwa achichepere... Ndi aspergillosis, abakha amavutika kupuma, amawoneka akutuluka, madzi amatuluka mkamwa, mbalame zimameza mpweya, chilakolako chimachepa, kukula kumachedwetsa, ziwalo za miyendo kapena mapiko ndizotheka. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, zotsalira zonse za chakudya ndi zofunda zimatayidwa, zida ndi nyumba ya nkhuku zimatetezedwa. Chakudyacho chikuwonjezeredwa nystatin, ndi m'madzi yankho la 0.05% sulphate yamkuwa.
Pasteurellosis kapena kolera
Matendawa, ngakhale samachitika pafupipafupi, ndiowopsa. Icho opatsirana kudzera mlengalenga, chakudya ndi kusanja. Ndi matenda a kolera, abakha amakhala opanda chidwi, kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera, ludzu limawonekera ndipo njala imazimiririka, kutulutsa kozizira, zotchinga ndi magazi zimatuluka m'mphuno. Mbalame zomwe zimadwala matendawa zimaphedwa, pomwe amakhala zimakhala ndi mankhwala. Wathanzi koma wolumikizana ndi mbalame ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo, biomycin imayendetsedwa, ndipo sulfadimezin imaperekedwa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za mtundu wa bakha wa Peking
Ubwino:
- Zabwino sintha nyengo yozizira.
- Amasiyana mwapamwamba kukhwima msanga.
- Wopanda ulemu mu kudyetsa.
- Palibe chifukwa chofulumira chokonzanso madamu.
Zoyipa:
- Abakha sachedwa kutero kuwaswa.
- Kudwala ndipo kugwa pamapazi awo mu chinyezi.
Bakha wokhathamira - Iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yopanda nyama. Ili ndipamwamba zokolola ndi zabwino makhalidwe nyama... Abwino kuswana kwamafakitale ndi apakhomo, ndipo chifukwa chakukhwima koyambirira, nthawi yopanga phindu imachepetsedwa kangapo poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
Ndemanga
Bakha la Peking ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri ngati mungafune kuswana ng'ombe. Mtembo wanyama imalemera 2-2.5 kg. Nyama yaying'ono ndiyokoma kwambiri ndipo siyolimba. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi abwinobwino, alipo ochepa okha ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, nyama siuma. Ndi bwino kumaswa mu chofungatira, chifukwa palibe nzeru kuchokera ku nkhuku yankhuku. Pafupifupi, anapiye 8 athanzi komanso otheka amaswa mazira 10. MU Amadyetsa abakha simuyenera malire, koma simufunikanso kupereka chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa amakonda kuziponya mozungulira. Madzi ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kuti zizitulutsidwa mosungiramo. Ngati mumadzipangira nokha, ndiye pofika nthawi yophukira mutha kukhala ndi bakha wathunthu, wokonzeka kuphedwa.
Abakha okongola oyera a Peking akhala amakonda kwambiri alimi ambiri. Iwo safuna ndalama zapadera kwa kukonza ndi kudyetsa. Abakha amapereka chaka Mazira 120omwe amawongolera mwangwiro. Amakula msanga, komanso miyezi iwiri weft kulemera wafika kale 3 kg. Chakudya chimadyedwa pang'ono, ndipo ngati mutagula odyetsa amakono, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumachepetsedwa. Mbalame zimapirira bwino kutentha pang'ono, ndipo m'nyumba yankhuku zosungidwa muyenera kutentha kokha mu chisanu choopsa. Mwambiri, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kukula abakha a Peking, ndipo koposa zonse, mwachangu komanso motsika mtengo komanso kusamalira.