Mbalame yamatcheri yakula msanga ku Russia kwanthawi yayitali. Mtengo uwu ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso fungo lapadera nthawi yamaluwa.
Mbali zosiyanasiyana za chomerachi zimakhala ndi machiritso. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuchipatala, amatha kusintha thanzi la munthu. Mtundu wa Colorata (kapena umatchedwanso Virginia Schubert) ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndipo umangodzitama osati mawonekedwe ake okha, komanso zipatso zokoma.
Mitundu yamatcheri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Colataata vulgaris idapangidwa ku Sweden. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa aku Russia. Izi ndichifukwa choti mawonekedwe ake ali pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mtengo wachinyamata umakula ndikukula msanga. Zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Colata ndi yamitundu yokongoletsa yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ndi masamba obiriwira ndipo imatha kukongoletsa munda uliwonse ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ichi si chitsamba. Mbalame yamatcheri iyi imawoneka bwino makamaka osati m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena dziwe. Chifukwa cha kulimba kwake m'nyengo yozizira, mtengo wotere umatha kulimidwa kudera lililonse la Russia. Mukasamalidwa bwino, Colorata amapanga zokolola zambiri, pachaka. Komanso, zosiyanazi ndizochepa zokha.
Onani mawonekedwe
Mbalame yamatcheri Colata ndi mtengo wamtali (5-6 mita) wokhala ndi korona wandiweyani, wokhala ndi ovoid. Makungwa ndi mphukira za mtengowo zimajambulidwa ndi mtundu wofiirira wachilendo, wokhala ndi kuwala komanso mdima wakuda. Masamba achichepere amafanana ndi mphukira, ndipo akamakula msinkhu amakhala obiriwira ngati mkuwa.
Ma inflorescence nthawi zambiri amatengedwa m'magulu. Maluwa a chitumbuwa cha mbalame ndi okongola kwambiri komanso onunkhira, opaka utoto wonyezimira. Ndiyamika kwa iwo kuti chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga mawonekedwe kupanga nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.
Zipatso za Cherata mbalame yamatcheri ndi zodyedwa, zimakhala zokoma, zokoma, zikakhwima zimakhala utoto wakuda, khungu la chipatsocho limanyezimira.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatcheri a Colata
- Mbalame yamatcheri Colorata ndi mtengo wosadzichepetsa ndipo umafuna chisamaliro chocheperako kuposa mbewu zina zomwe zimakula m'munda;
- mawonekedwe okongola mbalame chitumbuwa ndi fungo pa maluwa amatha kukongoletsa chilichonse, ngakhale malo osasangalatsa kwambiri;
- Komanso mtengo umalekerera bwino chisanu ndi chilala, zomwe zimalola kuti zizilimidwa kudera lililonse;
- zipatso za mitundu iyi ndizodya komanso zokoma, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ndipo tsopano zoyipa:
- mtengo Simalimbana kwambiri ndi tizilombo ndipo imafuna njira zodzitetezera nthawi zonse;
- komanso Colorata amatenga malo ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kumera mtengo m'dera laling'ono.
Kudzala Colata kapena Virginia Schubert
Nthawi yobzala nthawi zambiri zimadalira malo am'munda. M'chigawo chakumwera ndi chapakati, dera la Moscow, kubzala nthawi yophukira, komwe kumachitika mu Seputembala, kungakhale bwino.
Nzika zakumpoto, Urals ndi Siberia tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite izi kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo.
Kusankha malo mbalame chitumbuwa ndi maluwa ofiira
- Hbermukha ndi mbeu yopanda ulemu ndipo imatha kumera pafupifupi dothi lililonse. Koma ndibwino kudzala mtengo panthaka yolemera osalowerera ndale kapena pang'ono;
- Ngati dothi lokhala ndi acidic ndilopezeka pamalopo, liyenera kuthiridwa mafuta ndi ufa wa laimu kapena wa dolomite;
- Simungabzale chitumbuwa cha mbalame m'malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi;
- Chofunikira china ndikupezeka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, kumera mumthunzi sikungakhudze thanzi la mtengowo.
Kukonzekera mbande
Musanabzale mtengo wawung'ono, muyenera kuukonzekera ndondomekoyi ndikuchita izi:
- Mbande ndi mizu yotseguka imamasulidwa kwa maola 8-10, yolowetsedwa mu yankho ndi cholimbikitsira chokulirapo. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala oterewa ndi mizu, epin, ndi zina.
- mbande ndi mizu yotsekedwa zimanyowa kwa mphindi 20-30;
- Komanso, musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kufufuza momwe mmera ulili ndi kuchotsa nthambi zonse zowuma ndi zowonongeka;
- ndondomeko yomweyi ikuchitika ndi mizu ya mmera, komanso, mulimonsemo, zidzakhala zofunikira kudula muzu uliwonse pang'ono.
Kudzala dzenje kukonzekera
Dzenje lodzala liyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde komanso yopatsa thanzi. Pakubzala masika, dzenje limakonzedwa nthawi yophukira, komanso kubzala nthawi yophukira pafupifupi milungu 2-3. Kuzama ndi kukula kwa dzenje kuyenera kudalira mizu ya mmera. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro izi ndi masentimita 40-50.
Pakukonzekera dzenje, masentimita 20 apamwamba padziko lapansi akuphatikizidwa ndi:
- chidebe cha peat;
- chidebe cha humus kapena manyowa owola;
- chidebe cha mchenga;
- 80-100 magalamu a mchere feteleza.
Chosakanikacho chimatsanuliridwa mu dzenje ndikusiyidwa kuti chipatse mpaka kubzala.
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala chitumbuwa cha mbalame patali mita 2 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Poterepa, ndibwino kuyika mitengo ingapo yamitundumitundu pa tsambalo kuti iwoloke mungu wokha.
Kufikira ukadaulo
Mbalame yamatcheri imabzalidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsatirawu:
- mmerawo umayikidwa mu dzenje kuti kolala ya mizu ikhale 1-2 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka;
- inunso muyenera kufalitsa mosamala mizu;
- kenako dzenje limakutidwa ndi dothi, kwinaku likugwedeza mmera kuti mupewe kupanga matumba amlengalenga;
- kumapeto kwa ntchitoyi, bwalo la thunthu la mtengo limathiriridwa bwino ndikukhala ndi kompositi kapena humus.
Kusamalira mitengo
Mukangobzala, m'pofunika kudula mtengowo kuti kutalika kwake kukhale masentimita 60-70, ndikuchotsa nthambi zonse zoyandikira, ndikusiya mphukira zinayi zotukuka. Njirayi idzakhala yopindulitsa pakupanga korona wa mbalame yamatcheri. Chaka chamawa, motere, padzakhala kofunika kupanga gawo lachiwiri, kenako lachitatu, ndi zina zambiri.
M'mwezi woyamba mutabzala mmera ndi mizu yotseguka, iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino.
Mbalame yamatcheri ya Colata imalekerera chilala bwino, koma kugwiritsa ntchito chinyezi munthawi yake kumathandizira kuti mtengowo ukhale wathanzi.
Njira yovomerezeka ndikumasula bwalo lamtengo wapatali ndikuchotsa namsongole pafupipafupi.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda komanso kubereketsa kwa mabakiteriya koyambirira kwa masika (nthawi yomweyo chisanu chikasungunuka) komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (tsamba litagwa), kudulira ukhondo kumachitika. Munthawi imeneyi, nthambi zowuma, zachisanu kapena zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa. Mukakula, kudulira kumayenera kuchitika. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika mosamala mayendedwe akukula kwa mphukira ndikudula nthambi zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona munthawi yake.
Kuvala pamwamba mbalame chitumbuwa
Zaka zoyambirira 2-3, mtengowo sukuyenera kudyetsedwa, umakhala ndi michere yokwanira yobzala mukamabzala.
Ndiye chitumbuwa cha mbalame chimakhala ndi umuna kawiri pachaka. Poyerekeza ndi mbewu zina, chitumbuwa cha mbalame sichifuna kuyambitsa koyenera kwa mavalidwe ambiri. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi mizu yamitengo yamphamvu komanso yotukuka, yomwe imatha kukhalapo pawokha ndikupeza zofunikira zake zokha. Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa izi:
- M'chaka, maluwa asanafike, feteleza wobiriwira amwazikana m'dera la mizu, ndiye kuti chitumbuwa cha mbalamecho chiyenera kuthiriridwa bwino kuti wothandizirayo asungunuke ndipo atha kukhudza thanzi la mtengowo;
Mukachita izi mvula ikangotha, simufunika kuthirira nthaka.
- M'dzinja, humus kapena manyowa ovunda amayambitsidwa kukumba. Ngati dothi pamalowo lili lachonde, kudyetsa koteroko kumachitika kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Matenda | Tizirombo |
Mbalame yamatcheri Colorata imalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda ambiri, kupatula fungal. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kupeza kuwola kwa inflorescence, clasterosporium, matumba a maula, cytosporosis ndi powdery mildew. | Chifukwa cha kununkhira kowala kwa chitumbuwa cha mbalame, tizirombo timakonda kwambiri, makamaka mawere, nsikidzi, njenjete, hawthorn ndi mbozi yopanda utoto. |
Kuti muchotse matendawa, m'pofunika kuchotsa ndikuwotcha mbali zonse za mtengo. Chithandizo cha mankhwala apadera omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo amathanso kuthandizira kuchira. | Kuchotsa tizirombo kumakhala kovuta, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kosatheka, njira yokhayo ndiyo chithandizo ndi kukonzekera mankhwala. |
Monga njira yodzitetezera kumatenda a fungal, alimi odziwa ntchito amalangiza kuti azimwaza mtengowo ndi madzi kapena sopo masika onse. Muyeneranso kugwira ntchito zodulira ukhondo munthawi yake. | Ndibwino kuti muchite zodzitetezera ndi infusions ya fodya, nightshade kapena Karbofos kangapo pachaka. Njira ina yabwino ingakhale yopanga misampha yomwe imapachikidwa pamtengo. |
Woyamba mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa pamaso Mphukira yopuma.
Mbalame yamatcheri ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri, womwe umakhalanso ndi zipatso zosazolowereka, ndipo umakhala ndi mankhwala ambiri. Mitundu ya Colorata ndiyabwino ku Russia, siyokomera nthaka, nyengo, komanso, sikutanthauza kusamalira kovuta.