Olima dimba ambiri amakonda mitundu yambiri yamadzi yokoma ya Ogonyok. Oyenera kukula kumadera akumwera ndi apakati mdziko muno. Kuti mukolole zochuluka, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo ofunikira. Ziti? Tiyeni tikambirane nkhaniyi. Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera mavwende.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa chivwende
Chaka ndi chaka kuchokera kubanja la dzungu. Kuthetheka ndi mitundu yoyambilira kukhwima yomwe imalolera nyengo nyengo.
Nthawi yakucha imatenga masiku 75-87. Kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri. Imafanana ndi mpira wozungulira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a 2.5 kg. Kulemera kwapakati pa chipatso chimodzi ndi 1.5-2 kg. Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi mnofu wofiira wolemera wokhala ndi njere zochepa.
Khungu la mabulosiwo ndi locheperako, lobiriwira mdima. Chosavuta cha ndodo yopyapyala ndikuti poyenda, chivwende chimatha kuthyola mosavuta. Mwinamwake iyi si njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira bizinesi, koma mitunduyo ndi yabwino kukulira pang'ono mchinyumba chanyengo. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, kowutsa mudyo, kwamtedza, kumakhala kosangalatsa patebulo la chilimwe-nthawi yophukira.
Mbiri yakuswana ndi dera lokula
M'zaka za m'ma 13-14, chivwende chidabwera kuchokera kumayiko aku Africa. Ku Russia, Ogonyok adakali wotchuka kwambiri mchilimwe. Malinga ndi obereketsa, mitundu yoweta ndi ya mitundu yosakanikirana ya ku Asia komanso mtundu wa Shuga. Omera ku Soviet Institute of Vegetable Growing, pafupi ndi Kharkov.
Berry wazika mizu ku Russia. Amakula kumadera akumwera, pakati komanso ngakhale ku Urals. Zowona, kumpoto, Ogonyok amakula m'malo owonjezera kutentha.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kuti mukulitse mbewu, muyenera kukonzekera bwino malo oti mudzabzale. Ndibwino kubzala chivwende panthaka pomwe mbewu ndi nyemba zimakula kale. Kubzala kuyenera kuyamba kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni.
Mitundu ya Ogonyok ili ndi maubwino ambiri: kuyambira pakulawa ndi kutha ndikusinthasintha nyengo iliyonse. Koma pali vuto limodzi lokha - mavwende sakhala osungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. ndipo amafunika kudyedwa patangotha milungu ingapo kuchokera nthawi yokolola.
Malamulo ofika
Kutseguka, mbewu zimafesedwa mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Koma m'pofunika kubzala mavwende m'njira ya mmera. Mbewu za mbande zimayenera kukonzekera kumayambiriro kwa Epulo:
- mutha kugula mbewu m'sitolo iliyonse yapadera kapena kufunsa wina amene wakwanitsa kulima chivwende cha Ogonyok;
- mukamakonza mbewu, onetsetsani kuti sizikhala zopanda kanthu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsitsa mbewu mu kapu yamadzi. Ngati zina mwa mbewu zakula pamwamba, ndiye kuti zilibe kanthu ndipo zitha kutayidwa bwino;
- kuti kumera bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti scald nyembazo ndi madzi otentha;
- Pakumera, tikulimbikitsidwa kukulunga nyembazo ndi nsalu yonyowa. Zikamera, zimabzala m'miphika;
- mbewu ziwiri, mphika umodzi waung'ono. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya mbande: humus, peat, utuchi, nthaka ya sod;
- isanayambike, mphika uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kanema kakudya. Akamera atamera, ayikeni pafupi ndi zenera pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa.
Mbande zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa masika - koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Malamulo ofika:
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tiikidwe patali ndi mamita 0.7. Pakati pa mizere 0.9-1 m. Bzalani mu kachitidwe ka checkerboard.
- Mitunduyi imakonda dothi lopepuka lomwe limalola kuti madzi adutse bwino ndikutentha mwachangu. Panjira t + 15 + 18C iyenera kusamalidwa.
- Mbeu zimayikidwa panthaka mpaka masentimita 10 kuti masamba awiri okha atsalire pamwamba.
- Pofuna kuteteza nthaka, munda wamasamba umaphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo mpaka mphukira zoyamba zipangidwe.
Kumpoto, zipatso zimalimidwa munkhokwe zosungira. Zofesedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kutentha nthaka, chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha udzu, humus, nayitrogeni feteleza.
Kukula
Kudya koyenera kumatha kukulitsa zokolola... 2 masabata mutabzala mbande, mutha kuyambitsa gawo loyamba la fetereza: sungani yankho la manyowa a ng'ombe 0,5 l ndi 10 l wamadzi ofunda. 1 litre feteleza amathiridwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Kuvala kwachiwiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito patatha milungu iwiri: Sakanizani superphosphate 40g, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake 30g, ammonium nitrate 10g, onetsani zonse mu 10 malita a madzi ofunda. Maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira zimawoneka pa tchire, muyenera kuchotsa masamba ofooka ndikusiya maluwa 3-4 olimba.
Zovala zapamwamba pamasabata awiri zilizonse zitha kuchitika ndikulowetsa nettle watsopano. Ndikofunika kudzaza masambawo ndi madzi ndikulole kuti apange kwa masiku angapo. Thirira mabowo pafupi ndi tchire.
Kuthirira mavwende Kuthetheka kuyenera kukhala kosapitirira malire. M'nyengo yotentha, kamodzi masiku 5 aliwonse, munthawi yochepa - kamodzi masiku 7-10. Munthawi yogwira zipatso, kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa, komanso m'malo otentha, osathirira madzi konse.
Makhalidwe azosiyanasiyana izi
Mfundo Zosangalatsa:
- Mabulosi amakula bwino mutadya nyemba, chimanga, kabichi.
- Ngati nthaka ili ndi nayitrogeni yambiri, chipatsocho chimakula pang'ono.
- Zipatso nthawi yakucha ndi kukula ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndibwino kuyika zojambulazo pansi pa chivwende kuti mbali imodzi isavunde.
- Ngati pali nyerere pafupi ndi chivwende m'munda, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchichotsa. Apo ayi zokololazo zidzawonongeka.
- Mutha kusunga Ogonyok m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa mwezi umodzi.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Matenda akulu a mwana wosabadwayo:
- Powdery mildew. Itha kupezeka ndi maluwa oyera kapena achikaso pamasamba. Zipatso zimakhala zosadyeka ndikuyamba kuwola, zimatha kuchepa kapena kusakula konse;
- Kuwona pang'ono. Masamba owuma, mabowo amawonekera, zipatso zimasowa;
- Kuvunda. Zimakhudza mizu, imabweretsa imfa ya mbewu ndi mwana wosabadwayo.
Njira zotsatirazi zithandizira kuchotsa matenda:
- sinthani malowa ndi phala (potaziyamu permanganate, madzi ndi choko wosweka);
- sungani malowa ndi yankho la mankhwala enaake amkuwa;
- Yankho la 65% Fentiuram;
- 0.1% Fundazol.
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri pamoto ndi: nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ziphuphu. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa - Decis.
Kuti musangalale ndi zipatso za mavwende a Ogonyok, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungamere bwino mbande ndikusamalira mbeu mukabzala panthaka. Kenako zokolola zikulonjeza kuti zidzakhala zolemera, ndipo zipatsozo zidzakhala zokoma ndi shuga.