Mbewuyi imabzalidwa bwino pafupifupi pafupifupi makontinenti onse, mitengo yokongola yokongola imabereka zipatso zochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti mtengo umodzi kuseli kwakokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za banja lalikulu. Ndikofunika kusankha mitundu yoyenera kuti igwirizane ndi nyengokotero kuti mtengowo umakula msanga, usavulaze ndikupatsa zokolola zochuluka pachaka. Munkhaniyi muphunzira zambiri za mtundu wa Shokoladnitsa.
Kufotokozera kwa mitundu yamatcheri Shokoladnitsa
Imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano yotchuka kwambiri - Cherry Shokoladnitsa, wotchulidwa kuti ndi wowala komanso wolemera wa zipatso... Ntchito ya obereketsa idavekedwa bwino, mitundu yaying'ono yamatcheri ikuchulukirachulukira, mtengo umakula msanga, wotsika, womwe umasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofananira, sikudwala kwambiri. Chifukwa chake Shokoladnitsa itha kuonedwa ngati mitundu yodalirika yamatcheri kudera lapakati la Russia.
Obereketsa ochokera ku Orel, omwe ankagwira ntchito ku All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops, adadzipangira okha ntchito yopanga mtundu watsopano womwe ungakhale ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa wamaluwa:
- Kukana bwino kwa chisanu
- Kukula kwamitengo yochepa
Si chinsinsi kuti zizindikiro ziwirizi zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulima zipatso. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi zokolola zazikulu pamtengo, ndikofunikira kukolola ndikusunga, koma momwe mungachitire izi ngati mukuyenera kupanga makwerero ndi zida panthawi yakupsa kwa chipatsocho. Kwa dera la Central Russia, nyengo yozizira kwambiri siyomwe imachitika, komabe chisanu cham'masika nthawi zambiri chimapweteketsa mitengo yazipatso - sikuti gawo lokolola lokha limangotayika, koma mawonekedwe a mtengo wokula mwachikondi wawonongeka.
choncho chifukwa chosakanizidwa cha Shokoladnitsa chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za wamaluwa - sikuti ndi thermophilic makamaka, imadwala pang'ono... Mitundu iwiri yotchuka komanso yokondedwa ya wamaluwa idatengedwa ngati maziko - yamatcheri a Lyubskaya ndi Black, wosakanizidwa watsopanoyu adatenga zabwino zonse kuchokera kuzomwe zimayambira.
Makhalidwe azipatso
Mtengo umakula mpaka mamita awiri ndi theka kutalikaKorona wake amafanana ndi piramidi litatembenuzidwira pansi. Masamba ndi okongola ndi utoto wobiriwira wakuda wobiriwira, wosongoka, osati wowala. Inflorescence iliyonse imakhala ndi maluwa atatu oyera.
Nthawi ya moyo ndiyabwino - mosamala, kudyetsa ndi kudula nthambi zakale, mtengo ukhoza kukhala zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, pamitengo yokongoletsedwa bwino imatha kufikira 20 mm m'mimba mwake ndikulemera mpaka 3.5 g iliyonse... Zamkati ndi zokoma, zokoma, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa.
Mtengo sufuna kudzisamalira wokha, Shokoladnitsa ndiwodzichepetsa ndipo imapereka zokolola zochuluka zomwe zimapsa kale kuposa mitundu ina yamatcheri.
Gulu lazinthu zofunikira mu zipatso
Zinthu zothandiza | Kuchuluka |
---|---|
Vitamini P. | 1064.3 mg |
Vitamini C | 10 mg ndi pamwambapa |
Anthocyanins | 395.4 mg |
Vitamini C | 16.7 mg |
Akatekini | 378.1 mg |
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ubwino waukulu wa mitundu ya Shokoladnitsa ndikumangika kwake., komanso kuti imathanso kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu imapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira kwambiri pamadandaulo ake. Anthu okhala mchilimwe adayamba kukonda izi - sizotheka kulima mitengo yambiri maekala asanu ndi limodzi, koma aliyense amafunikira chitumbuwa chokwanira komanso chodzipereka kwambiri. Inde, monga mtengo uliwonse wobzalidwa zipatso, ndipo Msungwana wa Chokoleti ali ndi zovuta zake - akudwala osasamala mokwanira ndi moniliosis ndi coccomycosis.
Ndipo, yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa zipatso zakucha ndi nyengo yozizira yolimba yamitundu yamatcheri musanagule mtengo:
Zosiyanasiyana | Msungwana wa chokoleti | Robin | Achinyamata | Bakuman |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu | mkulu | pafupifupi | mkulu | pafupifupi |
Zipatso kucha | wotchera | wotchera | pafupifupi | wotchera |
Zotuluka | mkulu | mkulu | mkulu | mkulu |
Kutengeka kwa matenda | Sing'anga - moniliosis ndi coccomycosis | Sing'anga - moniliosis ndi coccomycosis, bowa | Sing'anga - moniliosis ndi coccomycosis, bowa | Sing'anga - moniliosis ndi coccomycosis, bowa |
Kudziyipitsa nokha | Inde | ayi | Inde | ayi |
Ngakhale ndi diso lamaliseche, mutha kuwona kuti ndizopindulitsa bwanji kubzala zosiyanasiyana monga Shokoladnitsa pamalopo - ndizodzichepetsa, zimakolola bwino ndipo sizimadwala.
Alimi ena amakhulupirira zimenezo ndizotheka kuwonjezera zipatso za mtengo kangapo podzala chitumbuwa chimodzi chamtundu wina pambali pake, amapatsidwa pollinators monga mitundu Lyubskaya, Sklyanka, Vladimirskaya, Studencheskaya, Turgenevka. Ngati pali malo okwanira pamunda wanu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito upangiri wa akatswiri, komabe, Mtengo wamtsikana wa Chokoleti womwe ukukula ungabweretse zokolola zochuluka.
Mbali za kubzala ndi chisamaliro
Sankhani malo obzala mitengo mosamala, komanso nthawi yobzala. Olima dimba ena amakonda kubzala mitengo yazipatso "nthawi yozizira isanakwane", koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ndizosatheka Gwiritsani ntchito masiku oyamba ofunda kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, pomwe kuli bwino kubzala mitengo yazipatso... Ino ndi nthawi yakuyamba kwa moyo, nthawi yoyambira kusuntha kwa timadziti, mtengo udzazika mizu bwino mukasankha kubzala masika.
Sankhani mmera wawung'ono - mpaka 70 cm muubwana, achichepere, mverani mizu yake - yotukuka komanso yamphamvu. Mtengo wokha suyenera kuwonongeka, nthambi ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zotanuka... Zaka - pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndizokwanira.
Kuti mutenge zokolola zabwino, yamatcheri amafunika dzuwa lochuluka, mtengo umakonda mbali yamphepo ya tsambalo, yotentha komanso yopanda mthunzi.
Ngati dothi pamalopo ndilolemera, samalani mchenga, peat pasadakhale, onetsetsani kuti muwone ngati pali madzi apansi pafupi kapena pansi pa dzenje loyenera. Cherries salola chinyezi chowonjezera, mtengo wobzalidwa m'nthaka ya acidic yopanda ngalande bwino udzafa.
Chotsani dothi mdzenje, pansi pake liyenera kukonzedwa mwapadera - lidzakhala chisakanizo cha dothi ndi phulusa ndi humus, pambuyo pake superphosphate yaying'ono ndi calcium chloride iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Zotere dzenje limapangidwa bwino kugwa, kuti mubzale poyambira kayendedwe ka timadziti kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Momwe mungabzala yamatcheri molondola
- Tiyeni tiyambe ndikuti mukufunika mtengo, kukula kwake kwa chipangizocho mpaka 8 cm, kuyendetsa pansi ndikuzungulira pangani zolemba pamtunda wa masentimita 30, kuya kwa dzenje kuli pafupifupi 70 cm.
- Kulowa mu dzenje lomalizidwa kutsanulira okonzeka osakaniza nthaka, phulusa ndi nthaka.
- Kufalitsa muzu wa mizu, Yesetsani kuti musawononge mizu yachinyamata.
- Ikani mtengo pafupi ndi mmera, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mtengo pafupifupi 70 m, mtengo uyenera kukhala wokwera - pafupifupi mita.
- Mangani nyemba pamtengo ndi chingwe, osagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapulasitiki - zitha kuvulaza khungwa lofewa la kamtengo
- Ikani mmera kuti khosi lake likhale Pamwamba pa nthaka - pafupifupi 3-4 cm
- Dzazani dzenje
- Yambani dziko lapansi mozungulira thunthu
- Thirira mtengo lambiri - chidebe cha mmera umodzi
- Pambuyo kuthirira, onetsetsani kuti lengezani bwalo lobzala, makulidwe a mulch wosanjikiza, wopangidwa ndi chisakanizo cha utuchi ndi humus, ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 5 cm.
Ntchito yayikulu yatha, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kusamaliranso mtengo. Ngakhale mmera uli wachichepere, yesani osachepera kumasula nthaka kuzungulira thunthu kamodzi pa sabatakuti mpweya ufike kumizu yomwe ikukula, njira yotereyi imafunika pambuyo pothirira. Namsongole sadzawoneka m'dera lomwe lachitiridwa motere.
Musapitirire ndi kuthirira. Mtengo umafuna madzi panthawi yamaluwa ndi kucha - zipatsozi ndi Meyi ndi Juni, nthawi yonse yomwe mungadalire nyengo.
Koma mu Meyi ndi Juni pamtengo uliwonse ndiyofunika kuthera pafupifupi ndowa zisanu zamadzi, zokolola zidzakhala zolemera.
Kuphunzira kutchera mtengo
Muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zosafunikira ndikupanga korona pachaka. Kudulira kumachitika musanatuluke mphukira... Mukadula nthambi, sungani chitsa ndi munda. Pangani korona pyramidal. Onetsetsani kuti muchotse nthambi zowuma ndi zachisanu.
Mawu ochepa okhudza kulimba kwachisanu - Shokoladnitsa imasinthidwa kukhala Central zone of Russia, koma nyengo yozizira kwambiri (ngati akatswiri azanyengo akuloserani nyengo yozizira), mutha kutchinga thunthu ndi ma spruce paws - adzapulumutsa makungwa a mtengo wawung'ono kuchokera ku makoswe ndi mbewa.
Kukula
Podyetsa mitengo ya zipatso, feteleza amchere ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mullein ndi humus ndizabwino. Muyenera kudyetsa kawiri pachaka - mchaka muyenera superphosphate ndi ammonium nitrate, kugwa - laimu, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous... Musaiwale za mullein - mchaka mutatha maluwa komanso pambuyo pa masabata angapo.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Ndi zosasangalatsa pamene masamba okhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira amawonekera pamtengo - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha coccomycosis... Matenda aliwonse amatha kuneneratu ndikupewa - musanayambike masamba oyamba, muyenera kupopera mtengowo ndi yankho la 3% la madzi a Bordeaux. Pamene maluwa a chitumbuwa - gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera "Skor", mutatha maluwa - yankho lamkuwa wa oxychloride.
Mukapeza zizindikiro zoyamba za moniliosis - bowa pamitengo ndi khungwa la mtengo, kenako chotsani ndikuwotcha malo onse omwe akhudzidwa, onetsetsani kuti mumathira mtengowo ndi sulfate yamkuwa.
Ndi bwino kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'mitengo yokhala ndi 3% ya nitrafen solution kapena intavirNgati pali tizirombo tambiri, musaiwale kuchotsa pansi tizilombo tomwe tagwa pambuyo pokonza mtengo.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Cherry Shokoladnitsa koyambirira, mudzawona zipatso zoyamba pamtengo zaka zitatu mutabzala, zimapsa pakatikati pa mwezi wa July. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mutha kukolola mpaka makilogalamu 15 a zipatso mumtengo umodzi.
Ndibwino kuti mudye yamatcheri atsopano, koma azimayi aluso amapangira compote, vinyo, ma liqueurs kuchokera ku zipatso, ndikupanga kupanikizana.
Makhalidwe azosiyanasiyana izi
Mtengo ndiwotsika, korona ndi pyramidal, mawonekedwe am'malo amaloza. Zipatso mpaka 3 mg, mtengowo umatha kupanga zipatso zokwana 15 kg... Mitundu yosagwira chisanu, yomwe imabzalidwa kubzala m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, imadzipukutira bwino. Kuipa - chiwopsezo cha matenda a moniliosis ndi coccomycosis.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Momwe alimi amalankhulira za chokoleti Shokoladnitsa
Petrov Mikhail, waluso pantchito yamaluwa - Zosiyanasiyana ndi zazing'ono komanso zowona bwino. Kuti muwonjezere zokololazo, akuti tikubzala mitundu yapafupi ya Lyubskaya, Sklyanka, Vladimirskaya, Studencheskaya, Turgenevka.
Starova Veronika, wolima dimba - Zipatso ndi zowutsa mudyo, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa, zosungidwa bwino, mutha kukonzekera zambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Mikhailova Irina - Mitundu yabwino kwambiri, zipatso zambiri, imayamba kubala zipatso koyambirira, timazisonkhanitsa mu zidebe. Ndipo zabodza bwino, ndikulangiza aliyense.
Mapeto
M'munda, nthawi zonse mumakhala mitengo yazipatso - ya apulo, peyala, chitumbuwa. Dera laling'ono mu mgwirizano wamaluwa limakhala mutu kwa eni - ndizosatheka kubzala mitengo yambiri, chifukwa chake mitundu yosakanikirana imasankhidwa yomwe ingapereke zokolola zambiri. Cherry Shokoladnitsa amakwaniritsa zonse zofunika - zokolola zochuluka, moyo wautali, kukhwima msanga, zipatso zazikulu, zowutsa mudyo.