Kuvala kwamagulu kumakhudza kwambiri zokolola zamtsogolo. Muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito nyambo za mbatata. Za izi ndi zina zambiri m'nkhaniyi.
Mitundu ya mavalidwe a mbatata
Mbeu ya mizu imatha kuyamwa zinthu osati kokha mukaziyika mu dzenje louma kapena kudzera muzu ndi nthaka, koma kudzera masamba nawonso... Ndizomveka kuphunzira mitundu ya mavalidwe yomwe ilipo komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mbatata, strawberries ndi mbewu zina.
Mapepala
Ikuthabisa mbatata kudzera tchire panthaka. Kudyetsa masamba kumayenera kuchitika madzulo kapena m'mawa... Ngati utavundikira padzuwa, yankho limasanduka nthunzi ndikuwononga tsamba la tsamba.
Chomeracho chimapangitsa nayitrogeni ndi magnesium bwino. Avereji ya mayamwidwe a sulfure. Ntchitoyi imachitika pang'onopang'ono ndi feteleza wa calcium ndi phosphorous. Ngakhale kuvala masamba kumakhala kothamanga kwambiri kuposa kuvala mizu.
Feteleza ndi njira ya superphosphate ndiyotchuka. Kuti muchite izi, pangani chisakanizo: sakanizani madzi okwanira 10 malita ndi supuni 3 za granules.
Momwe mungadzere feteleza kuti mukolole zabwino
Chinthu chilichonse chothandiza chimakhala ndi ntchito yake. Ngati muonjezera potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni, ndiye misa ya tuber imakula... Ngati muwonjezera phosphorous, ndiye kuti muthakuonjezera chiwerengero cha mbewu muzu.
Pali zakudya zamagulu ndi zamankhwala. Aliyense ndi wabwino munjira yake. Zachilengedwe sizowopsa ndipo simungachite mantha kuthira feteleza mopitirira muyeso. Ndi feteleza zamankhwala, muyenera kukhala osamala ndikugwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi pokonzekera.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito popopera mankhwala
Kupopera mbewu feteleza ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera masamba ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa nthawi yakukonza mbatata. Njirayi ndiyofunikira makamaka pa urea umuna. Pokonzekera yankho, muyenera kutenga 50 g wa carbide ndikusungunuka mu malita 10 a madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito - 3 malita pa 100 sq.m.
Ngakhale ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza wokonzeka nthawi yomweyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa: Zabwino, Zodabwitsanso.
Achinyamata
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera ambiri. Kukonzekera kumachitika kutentha kwambiri kuposa madigiri 15 m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kukhala munthawi zosiyanasiyana zokula zomera. Maluwa akayamba, theka lazinthu zofufuzira zidalowetsedwa kale ndipo kudyetsa masamba sikungathandize. Nthawi yabwino ndiyoti mapangidwe a mphukira asanayambe.
Mitundu ya kudya masamba
Zakudya zopangira mavalidwe apamwamba zimaperekedwa kudzera m'masamba ndi tsinde... Yankho limapopera pamwamba pa chitsamba. Kudyetsa kotere kumafunika ku matenda azomera.
Ndi kuzizira kozizira ndi chilala, kagayidwe kazomera kachepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, kuti mphamvu ya muzu ikhale yolimba, muyenera kupopera feteleza pamasamba.
Urea
Feteleza ndi Urea (urea) imalingaliridwa imodzi mwa nyambo zabwino kwambiri za nayitrogeni... Amapangidwa ngati ma granules oyera-imvi, osowa m'mapiritsi.
Urea imakhala ndi phindu pakukolola, amachulukitsa kuchuluka ndi kulemera kwa mizu. Kuvala kwa masamba kumachitika ndi kuthirira ndi yankho mofanana ndi malita 3 pa 100 sq.m.
Njira yokonzekera: Sungunulani 50 g wa urea mu 10 malita a madzi. Kuthirira kumachitika ndi yankho la 0.5-1%.
Phosphorus
Kuchokera ku feteleza wa phosphorous kuti apange zovala zapamwamba, kutulutsa madzi a superphosphate kuli koyenera. Phosphorus imalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu... Feteleza amasungunuka pang'ono ndipo amasungidwa bwino ndi nthaka.
Manyowa otchuka kwambiri a phosphate:
- Superphosphate... Kuti mukonzekere yankho la superphosphate, muyenera kutenga 300 g wa osakaniza ndikuyambitsa malita 10 a madzi. Kuti mukonzekere kuchotsa madzi, muyenera kutenga supuni 3 za superphosphate ndikutsanulira theka la lita imodzi ya madzi otentha. Lolani kuti apange kwa tsiku limodzi. Ndiye kusakaniza osakaniza ndi malita 10 a madzi;
- Phosphate thanthwe ndi ufa wa mafupa... Imatchulidwa nthawi yophukira nthawi yophukira komanso ikamera. 300 g ufa uyenera kusakanizidwa ndi malita 10 a madzi.
Superphosphate ndiyoyenera kwambiri kwa nthawi yophukira ya foliar. Phosphorite ufa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa kwa nthaka yamchere
.
Zinyazitsa
Humates - yokhoza kudzutsa zochita za tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa michere yachilengedwe. Ubwino wa humates ndi awa: kumawonjezera kukula kwa zipatso, misa, imakulitsa kuyamwa kwa mbeu kuti ivomereze zinthu zina.
Humate imapezeka ngati mapiritsi, ufa wa pompopompo, wamadzi.
Njira yokonzekera: Sungunulani 10 g wa humate mu 10 malita a madzi. Lolani kuti apange kwa maola 15. Ndikofunika kukonza tchire m'nthawi yakumera nthawi yakumera. Kusintha kumatha kuchitika maulendo awiri okha.
Kulowetsedwa kwa Nettle
Nettle ndi chakudya chachilengedwe chachilengedwe. Ndi wolemera mu nayitrogeni.
Muyenera kupanga tincture motere: chidebe cha 10 lita chimadzazidwa ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a nettle ndikudzazidwa ndi madzi, kutsalira kuti mupse kwa masiku 14. Kutsekemera kumadzipukutidwa ndi madzi 1:20.
Nettle imatha kusakanizidwa ndi zitsamba zina: horsetail, chowawa, mutha kuwonjezera phulusa, mullein. Feteleza amathiridwa pambuyo kumera.
Mankhwala
Chinsinsi chabwino Kuphatikiza kwamankhwala: kusakaniza carambid pamlingo wa 200g, boric acid 15g, potaziyamu monophosphate 300g, potaziyamu magnesium 40g, zinc sulphate 5g, manganese sulphate 5g, chloride colbate 1g, potaziyamu iodide 1g, mkuwa sulphate 5g, chitsulo sulphate 1g, madzi 10l.
Zachilengedwe
Zachilengedwe ndizabwino chifukwa ilibe chiwopsezo pazomera ndipo mutha kuphika nokha.
Pali zosankha zotsatirazi pa feteleza wakuthengo:
- Thirani 0,5 kg ya namsongole ndi 5 malita a madzi ndikusiya ufe kwa maola 10. Sefani yankho, tsanulirani mu zida zothirira mbatata ndikudyetsa chomeracho;
- Thirani peat ndi udzu ndi malita 5 a madzi ndikusiya;
- ndondomeko ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nettle.
Mlingo
Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokweza mbewu - nayitrogeni... Kukhazikitsa kolondola kwa chinthuchi kumathandiza chipatso kukula, kumapangitsa kuti ukhale wabwino. Momwemonso magnesium, boron ndi zinc... M'chaka, muyenera kuwonjezera nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu pang'ono. Pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, m'malo mwake, pali asafe osachepera, ndipo pali phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Magalamu 100 a urea ali ndi nayitrogeni 46%.
Kukonzekera kulikonse kumakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lazinthu zina zofufuzira. Muyenera kumvetsetsa mukamawerengera zomwe mbewu yanu ya mbatata imafunikira.
Ndi othandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Nitrofoski kapena njira: 30 g wa superphosphate, 30 g wa urea, 60 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Ndibwino kuti muzitha zitsamba ndi urea: mutatha maluwa, kenako mwezi umodzi ndi nthawi yomaliza masabata atatu musanakolole.
Musanalembe zovala zapamwamba muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizowo.
Ndi feteleza uti wadyetsa mbatata
Mukamatera | — |
Pambuyo pofika | Nitrophoska, superphosphate, urea, phulusa |
Pamaso hilling | — |
Pambuyo kumera | Urea, carbamide, nitrophosphate, kulowetsedwa kwa nettle, humates, chakudya cha mafupa |
Pamaso maluwa | Ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, superphosphate, mkuwa sulphate |
M'chaka | Phosphorus, potaziyamu, boron, nthaka |
Kotero kuti mbatata zimakula bwino, tchire Zosowa zofufuza... Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
- Mavitamini... Ndikusowa kwa chinthucho, masamba amayamba kuwala ndikuyamba kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimasiya kukula. Ovary akhoza kugwa. Urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa;
- Phosphorus... Ndikusowa, masamba a mbatata amasiya kukula ndikuyamba kufa. Chotsatira chake chimayambitsa kukula kwa mizu, kumawonjezera kukaniza kwa mbeu ku matenda;
- Potaziyamu... Bwino mbatata kukana chilala, matenda, kumalimbitsa mizu ndi tsinde.
- Manganese... Imalimbikitsa kukula kwazomera, imathandizira kuyenda kwa shuga mmera.
- Boron... Bwino mbewu kukana chilala ndi matenda.
- Mankhwala enaake a... Chomeracho chimayamba kukula msanga.
- Chitsulo... Ndikusowa, masamba amayamba kukhala achikaso.
- Mkuwa... Masamba amayamba kupiringa ndikuuma popanda chosowa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti musachulukitse ndi feteleza, apo ayi zotsutsana zingagwire ntchito. Zokolola zochuluka!