Pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, yomwe imapangitsa kusankha kosankha momwe mungadzalidwe. Monga chiyambi cha mmodzi mwa omenyera nkhondo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe chonse, mitundu ya Julian imaperekedwa.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Julian
Tiyeni tikambirane za malongosoledwewa. Chomera chakucha msanga ndi nyengo yokukula ya masiku 95-105 ndiwampikisano wa "Golden Bunch" mu 2011, patsogolo pa osankhidwa ena m'masankho awiri nthawi imodzi: "Njira yabwino kwambiri yosankhira ena" ndi "Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mphesa zatebulo." Chizindikiro chokwanira chidalandiridwa moyenera, chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi wamaluwa omwe apeza luso lokulitsa mbewuyi.
Mphesa zinapezedwa ndi woweta wowerengeka Kapelyushin Vasily Ulyanovich, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Rizamat ndi Kesha kuwoloka.
Julian amaphatikiza pamakhalidwe ake zabwino za makolo ake, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa ndikukhwima msanga. Ntchito yopanga bwino idakhala mphatso yeniyeni kwa ogula, malo ogulitsira omwe amapangitsa kuti mitundu yonse ikhale yabwino kulima kunyumba. Zokolola zambiri ndi 30-60 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Mutha kusangalala ndi zipatso zakupsa kumapeto kwa Julayi. Pakadali pano, mphesa zasonkhanitsa shuga wokwanira (mpaka 28%) ndipo ndi pinki wachikuda. Tchire likukula kwambiri, lomwe limafuna garter yovomerezeka. Mizu imakhala yolimba kwambiri, ma petioles omwe amasankhidwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupulumuka kwabwino. Chozizwitsa cha wosakanizidwa ndi kuthekanso kokolola kuchokera kwa ana opeza, pokhapokha ngati mbewuyo yakula m'madera ofunda a dzikolo. Chidwi chimakopedwanso pakulimbana kwa chisanu ndi chomeracho, kutentha mpaka kutsika 23 ° kumaloledwa bwino.
Chomeracho chimakula bwino ndipo chimabala zipatso kumadera akumwera kwa Russia, koma wamaluwa ena amatha kulima zipatso zokoma kudera la Moscow, komanso zigawo zapakati. Pankhaniyi, nyengo yachisanu imapereka pogona.... Popanda izo, mizu idzaundana.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Pa nthambi zazikulu zamtchire, masango omasuka omwe ali ndi zipatso zazikulu amapangidwa. Kulemera kwa dzanja limodzi kumafikira magalamu 700-1000, ndipo nthawi zina mosamala, chiwerengerocho chimakwera mpaka 2 kg. Pamphepete kamodzi, timagulu tating'onoting'ono tokhala pakati pa 20 mpaka 40 timamangidwa, pafupifupi 4 cm kutalika, kolemera magalamu 20. Mtunduwo ndi wosakanikirana: mtundu wobiriwira wamtundu wosiyanasiyana umawonekera pamalo obiriwira pamene ukuphuka. Khungu limakhala lokulirapo, koma lowonda, losavomerezeka pakamwa.
Kuchuluka kwa khungu kumathandizira kusungira mbewu nthawi yayitali komanso mayendedwe abwino.
Makhalidwe abwino amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, obwerekedwa kuchokera kumitundu ya makolo. Ndemanga ya nutmeg, kukoma komanso mthunzi wa sitiroberi zimamveka bwino.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Poganizira mawonekedwe onse amtundu wa Julian, izi ndi zabwino zotsatirazi:
- kucha koyamba kwa mphesa;
- chitetezo champhamvu, chomwe chimawonetsedwa polimbana ndi matenda ambiri;
- mkulu malonda makhalidwe;
- machulukitsidwe a kukoma ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana, shuga;
- chomera chisanu;
- zokolola zabwino.
Ndikofunikanso kuzindikira kuti wosakanizidwa ndiwodzichepetsa m'deralo ndi mitundu ina. Wokondedwayo alibe zovuta pakulawa ndi zipatso. Ukadaulo waulimi umamveka ndipo ulibe ukadaulo wovuta, kotero ngakhale wolima dimba wosadziwa zambiri amatha kulima zipatso zokoma patsamba lake.
Julian alibe zovuta zazikulu, kupatula kuti pakufunika posankha malowa. Iyenera kuyatsidwa bwino popanda mphepo yolasa. Izi zimasokoneza kukula kwa tchire.
Kufika
Zodulira kapena mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzala. Ndi bwino kubzala cuttings kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuti nthawi yozizira isanakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira yolimbitsa mizu. Mbande kale yakhazikitsa mizu, kotero palibe malire okhwima.
Pazomera zabwinobwino za mphesa, kuyatsa kwakukulu kumafunikira, chifukwa chake malo obzala ayenera kusankhidwa kutali ndi nyumba ndi dimba. Ndikwabwino ngati dera lomwe mwasankha silikhala ndi zolemba zolimba. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa zojambulazo ngati chitetezo kumphepo.
Nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa (m'magawo awiri) kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti mubzala. Ngati tebulo lamadzi ndilokwera, ngalande ziyenera kuperekedwa. Izi zidzateteza mizu kuti isavunde. Chikhalidwe chimakula bwino m'malo opanda ndale kapena ochepera pang'ono, chifukwa chake ngati dothi lili ndi acidic, laimu ayenera kuwonjezeredwa (galasi pa 1 m2). Ufa wa Dolomite nawonso umagwira bwino ntchitoyi. Kuti dothi likhale lachonde, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tilemere ndi manyowa owola, kompositi kapena feteleza wamafuta. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa dothi ladothi ndi mchenga kuti uwonjeze kupezeka kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya.
Chubuki wa mphesa za Julian amabzalidwa nthawi yophukira kapena masika (Okutobala - Marichi). Ngati nyengo ili m'derali imadziwika ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso nyengo yayitali, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuimitsa kubzala mpaka masika, kuti ana odula azikhala ndi nthawi yotentha, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira amatha kulimba. Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira nthawi yobzala ndi kutentha kwa nthaka pamwamba pa 10 ° C.
Mukamakonza munda wamphesa, kusiyana pakati pa tchire kumaganiziridwa, komwe sikuyenera kukhala ochepera masentimita 80. Dzenje la mbande limakumbidwa mozama: kuya kwake ndikoposa masentimita 70, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 65-75. peat, kompositi). Malo otsala adzafunika ndi mizu, yomwe iyamba kukula msanga. Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa awona kuti cuttings akaikidwa m'manda osaya, chomeracho chimakula ndikubala zipatso moperewera.
Mutabzala, zogwirizira zimayikidwa pomwepo, pomwe mphukira zimamangirizidwa pambuyo pake.
Kusamalira mipesa yaying'ono komanso yokhwima
Monga chomera china chilichonse, mbande za mphesa zimafuna chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro. Choyamba, muyenera kusamalira kuthirira. Ngati sizingatheke kuthirira mphukira zazing'ono pafupipafupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipangira ma drip kapena mobisa poyika mapaipi. Nyengo isanakwane, dothi limakhuthala kamodzi masiku 7-15. Ntchito zothirira zimasiya nthawi yothira zipatso. Chinyezi chopitirira muyeso chingayambitse chipatso.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma yopanda madzi osayenda. Kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda opatsirana.
Kutsirira komaliza kumachitika sabata limodzi mphesa zisanatetezedwe m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuvala pamwamba pamizu kuchokera kuzinthu zakuthupi kumayambitsidwa kamodzi pachaka. Manyowa, manyowa owola, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza. Pothirira (nthawi isanakwane) kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la phulusa ndikololedwa. Muthanso kudyetsa tchire ndi phulusa kugwa mutatha kukolola.
Pofuna kupewa kudzaza tchire, adadula inflorescence ndi magulu. Maburashi pafupifupi 40-45 atsala pa chomera chimodzi. Mipesa imadulidwa ndi maso 8-10.
Pofuna kuteteza dothi kuti lisaume, limadzaza pambuyo pobzala mbande. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi, kufunika kodyetsa kumachotsedwa. Udzu wokhwima kwambiri kapena utuchi umadyetsa nthaka ndi zinthu zopindulitsa.
Njira zoberekera
Mphesa zimafalikira m'njira zingapo: cuttings, mbande, pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings. Njira yosankhayo siyabwino; mukamabzala mbewu, kukoma ndi zina zamitundu zosiyanasiyana zimatayika.
Kuyika kumaphatikizapo kukwirira mphukira ndi dothi losanjikiza, koma njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wokula mphukira zochepa. Mtundu wobereka kwambiri umatengedwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mbande, zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kudula mizu. Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kubzala zosiyanasiyana za Julian.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Mitundu ya Julian imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha chitetezo chake champhamvu, chomwe chikuwonekera pakulimbana kwa mbeu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe sichikuwopsezedwa. Choopsa chachikulu pamitundu yosiyanasiyana chikuyimiridwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- imvi zowola;
- oidium;
- kufooka;
- kasupe (downy mildew).
Musamayembekezere kuti matenda adziwonetse okha pamasamba kapena thunthu la chomeracho. Ndi bwino kuchita ndi njira zodzitetezera:
- gwiritsani ntchito yankho la colloidal sulfure kuchokera ku oidium;
- kuchokera ku matenda a mafangasi - Bordeaux madzi.
Kuyang'anitsitsa tchire kumathandizira kuwongolera kuthirira ndi njira zodzitetezera. Ngati chikhalidwe chikadali ndi matenda aliwonse, muyenera kuthana ndi vutoli mwa kupopera mankhwala ndi imodzi mwazokonzekera: Kuprikol, Abiga-nsonga, Topazi, Hom, ndi ena Mwa zida zamphamvu kwambiri (kapangidwe kake ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito) amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Fundazol, Euparen, Sumileks.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri ndi mbalame. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu kwa iwo, ndikwanira kutambasula ukonde wa polima wokhala ndi ma cell ang'onoang'ono pamalopo.
Mwambiri, ukadaulo waulimi wa mphesa za Julian siovuta. Chisamaliro chodzichepetsa komanso kukoma kwake kunapangitsa kuti mabulosiwa adziwike munthawi yochepa. Yakwana nthawi yoti mupange chomera chachonde kwenikweni ndi zipatso zokoma patsamba lanu.