Zolinga za wolima dimba aliyense zimaphatikizapo njira zopewera zomera ku matenda a mafangasi... Imodzi mwa mankhwala otsika mtengo kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkuwa sulphate. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake, malangizo ndi malamulo pokonzekera njira yothetsera vuto kuchokera ku vuto lakumapeto tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Nthawi zina amatha kugwiritsa ntchito sulphate yamkuwa?
Kwa zaka makumi angapo motsatira, sulphate yamkuwa sinataye mwayi pantchito yamaluwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mbewu ku matenda a mafangasi:
- nkhanambo;
- malo oyera;
- ascochitis;
- moniliosis;
- downy mildew;
- phytophthora ndi matenda ena.
Kuphatikiza pazolinga zokometsera, wothandizirayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira masamba. Zomera zomwe zimakula panthaka ya acidic, mchenga kapena peaty nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda mkuwa. Chithandizo cha 1-2 chimakhala chokwanira m'malo moperewera zinthu zina m'nthaka.
Ntchito yowonetsa nthawi zambiri imayamba ndikuchotsa matenda m'nthaka. Monga mwayi pankhaniyi, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la sulfate yamkuwa. Komanso, wothandizirayo amachita ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kupopera mbewu kumathandiza kupewa nkhungu kapena cinoni. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa pokonza malo obiriwira kapena nyumba zina.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito fungicide kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito nyengo yozizira isanachitike, kuti musawononge nthaka ndi ma ayoni amkuwa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito
Ubwino waukulu wamkuwa wa sulphate ndikuti zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wothandizirayo zimatsalira mutapopera mbewu pamwamba pa chomeracho, osalowetsedwa mu masamba ndi zipatso. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kupeza mbewu zomwe ndizabwino pazaumoyo wa anthu. Ubwino wake ndi monga:
- teknoloji yosavuta gwiritsani;
- kupezeka mtengo;
- otsika kawopsedwe (zinthu zowola zimawonongeka m'masiku ochepa);
- zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera alibe mavuto;
- Kupanga kumalimbikitsa zomera chitsulo;
- mankhwala angapo osati osokoneza mu bowa ndi mabakiteriya.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwira ntchito mwasayansi pothana ndi vuto lakumapeto chifukwa chakumapiri kwake. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zina m'munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zotsutsana zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kawopsedwe ka chinthu zimangodalira kuwonjezeka kopanda tanthauzo kwa mlingo wake. Zomwe zimachitika mukalandira chithandizo choyenera cha mabedi zimatha milungu iwiri, ndipo zomwe zimachitika zimayamba pambuyo pamaola angapo.
Mkuwa wa sulphate ulibe zovuta, ngakhale mankhwalawa adayesedwa ndi mibadwo ingapo ya wamaluwa. M'masiku akale, pomwe kunalibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo, madzi amtambo anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba iliyonse. Sikovuta kupeza njira ina tsopano, makamaka popeza pali zopangidwa kutengera zinthu zachilengedwe pamsika. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kotetezeka, mosiyana ndi yankho lamkuwa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti madzi amadzimadzi amatha kuwotcha kapena kupangitsa chipatso kukhala chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muonjezera gawo la ufa wonyezimira.
Mkuwa wa sulphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda ndipo sangasinthe mankhwala athunthu ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito tomato ndi zomera zina
Kukonzekera njira yothetsera, ndikofunikira kupasuka makhiristo abuluu m'madzi. Wothandizila kuchuluka kwa magalamu 50 amadzipukutira m'madzi pang'ono, kenako akasakaniza bwino, amabwera ku 5 malita. Katundu wa zinthu zogwira ntchito amasungidwa tsiku lonse. Kusungunuka kwa vitriol sikungasungidwe kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukonzekere gawo latsopano musanagwiritse ntchito.
Kukhalapo kwa poizoni kumakukakamizani kuti mutenge chitetezo mukamwaza madzi:
- utsi kutali ndi matupi amadzi ndi ziweto;
- ngati pali njuchi, musawatulutse muming'oma tsiku logwira ntchito.
Zomera zimayenera kukonzedwa madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri pakagwa kouma. Ngati pali chiwopsezo cha mvula, ndi bwino kuimitsa ntchitoyi tsiku lina (zotsatira zimasowa ngati kugwa kwa maola 4).
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira popewa zovuta zoopsa m'magawo angapo.
- Gawo loyamba likuchitika panthawi yokonzekera nthaka yobzala mbande... Nthaka imakonzedwa ndi sprayer ndi 3% yankho la sulfate yamkuwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi.
- Gawo lachiwiri likuchitika pa gawo lakutola mbande... Tsiku limodzi musanasamutse mbandezo kuti ziziika padera, dothi limakhuthizidwa ndi 1% yankho lothandizidwa ndi mkuwa. Musagwiritse ntchito madzi ochulukirapo, chifukwa amatha kukhumudwitsa zomera.
- Gawo lachitatu limaphatikizapo kuthirira mabowo mukamabzala mbande m'munda... Kugwiritsa ntchito: 1 litre pa dzenje limodzi. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zomwe zimapanga zipatso zimapopera madzi a Bordeaux. Kuchuluka kwa mkuwa wa sulphate wobiriwira wobiriwira sikuyenera kupitirira 0.1-0.2%, apo ayi kuwotcha kumatha kuwonekera pamasamba.
Njira zachitetezo mukamagwira ntchito ndi chida
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mkuwa sulphate, m'pofunika kuvala magolovesi ndi magalasi kuti muteteze khungu ndi nembanemba kuti musakumane ndi yankho. Pakukonzekera, musadye chakudya ndi madzi, komanso utsi. Ngati mankhwalawa amakumana ndi malo otseguka pakhungu kapena ntchofu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzimutsuka pomwepo ndi madziwo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'kalasi lachitatu langozi, lomwe limafotokoza za poizoni akagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, pokonzekera njira yothetsera vutoli, muyenera kutsatira ndalamazo kuti zipatsozo zisadziunjikire poizoni.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala, choncho mukamagwiritsa ntchito pafamu, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:
- muyenera kuchepetsa yankho mu chidebe chosakhala chachitsulo;
- pakuchita bwino kwa njirayi, gwiritsani burashi yokhala ndi ma bristles ofewa ataliatali kapena botolo la kutsitsi;
- kuchepetsedwa Zolembazo zimasunga katundu wake kwa maola 5-6 okha;
- panthawi yopopera mankhwala kuteteza kupezeka kwa nyama ndi ana;
- sungani mankhwala zofunikira m'maloketi momwe ana ndi nyama sangafikire.
Ndemanga za wamaluwa polimbana ndi choipitsa cha tomato ndi mkuwa sulphate
Alexey Petrovich, wazaka 53.Kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana ndakhala ndikulima tomato popanda kukumana ndi vuto lakuchedwa. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito sulphate yamkuwa osachepera katatu pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba, ndikachotsa nyemba, nthawi yachiwiri, 1 litre pa dzenje lisanadzalemo mbande, kachitatu musanadye maluwa ngati chakudya chamasamba.
Anastasia, wazaka 36. Musanadzalemo, ndimathirira nthaka ndi yankho la sulfate yamkuwa, koma tomato amakhudzidwabe ndi vuto lakumapeto. Ndimakonzekera bwino mankhwalawo, ndimatsatira njira zothirira. Mwina ndaphonya china chake kapena mkuwa sulphate siwothandiza kwambiri?
Timur, wazaka 46. Sulphate yamkuwa mnyumbamo ndiye wothandizira woyamba. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo amachitika ndi madzi abuluu, nthaka imakhalanso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipo ndimasunga njerezo mu njira yofooka ndisanafese. Tomato amapezeka m'modzi m'modzi, osakhala ndi zizindikiro zakuchedwa.
Vladlen Vitalievich, wazaka 51. Ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito sulphate yamkuwa pantchito yamaluwa kwazaka zopitilira 30. Sindinagulepo mankhwala ozunguza bongo chifukwa chosakhulupirira komanso kusafuna kuwononga zipatso. Ndi yankho lamkuwa ndimathira nthakayo mbande ndi mabedi musanadzale, ndipo ndimakonza wowonjezera kutentha mchaka. Mthandizi wabwino kwambiri ndi wovuta kupeza. Amathana ndi vuto lakumapeto kwa tomato modabwitsa mofanana ndi ntchito zina. Limbikitsani!
Sophia, wazaka 49. Ndidachita mantha pomwe, mvula itatha, ndidapeza mawanga abulauni pa tomato yakucha. Sindinkafuna kuti ndikhale wopanda mbewu, ndinapempha mnzanga wina m'dzikoli kuti andithandize. Analangiza kuti azichiza bedi kawiri ndi yankho la sulfate yamkuwa. Chidacho chidagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi vutoli. Pa famuyo, zinapezeka kuti, kukonzekera kwa mkuwa ndi chinthu chosasinthika.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo nthawi imodzi, kumbukirani kuti mkuwa sulphate ndi wosemphana ndi mankhwala kuwonongeka m'malo amchere (mwachitsanzo, organophosphates).