Mphesa za Lora (maluwa) ndi ena mwamitundu yomwe imakonda kwambiri patebulo. Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi zokolola zake zabwino komanso kukoma kwake. Kusiyana kumeneku kwakhala kwakukulukulu, chifukwa chake chikhalidwe chimakonda kukula ndi wamaluwa ambiri.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Laura
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kufotokozera. Chikhalidwe chidapangidwa ndi akatswiri aku Ukraine oswana. Mphukira imasiyana pakukula kwakanthawi, kuchuluka kwa zipatso kumafika makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu za chitsamba chonse.
Magulu a mawonekedwe ozungulira, kulemera kwake kwa aliyense kuposa kilogalamu imodzi. Kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita makumi anayi. Kuuluka mungu kwa inflorescence ndi mphamvu ya mipesa kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magulu. Monga lamulo, zimapangidwa chimodzimodzi, sizimasiyana kwenikweni pakulemera ndi kukula.
Masambawo ali ndi mbali zisanu, ndi nsonga zogawanika, mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Kukula msanga, izi zimatenga masiku zana ndi khumi mpaka zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri kuyambira tsiku lomwe ovary amapangidwa. Chitsamba chimodzi chachikulu chimatha kupanga mpaka makilogalamu makumi anayi a zokolola.
Laura sagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, komabe kutentha kozizira kwa - 23 C.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Ndi ozungulira mmaonekedwe, oblong pang'ono kapena pang'ono cylindrical. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumafikira magalamu asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi, kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita atatu mpaka anayi.
Zipatso zimatha kukhala zazikulu kwambiri ngati pali katundu wamtali. Koma nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yawo yokalamba imakula ndipo mtundu wa kukoma umachepa. Mabulosi amakhalabe olimba papesi, sagwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Khungu ndi lolimba komanso losalala. Zipatsozo ndi zokoma, ndizokometsera za nutmeg, kuphatikiza kwakusowa (kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 8 magalamu pa lita imodzi) ndi shuga (kuyambira makumi awiri peresenti) ndiyabwino.
Kalozera wa kukoma akhoza kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndi mlengalenga. Izi zimachitika makamaka nyengo yozizira. Mbeu za zipatso zimakhala zazikulu, zolimba.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zizindikiro zazikulu zachikhalidwe ndizo:
- kukolola kwakukulu, kukula kwa zipatso;
- shuga ndi asidi wofanana;
- kukoma kwabwino, kuthekera kosunga chiwonetsero pakayendedwe kautali;
- zipatso zimamangidwa mwamphamvu kumagulu ngakhale nthawi yokolola yayikulu;
- zosiyanasiyana zimatha kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal;
- chinyezi sichimakhudza zizindikilo zakunja kwa zipatso;
- chikhalidwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mungu, kumalekerera chisanu chisanu bwino.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Laura ali ndi mikhalidwe ingapo yoyipa:
- Kutalika kwa nyengo yozizira kumatengera kukoma kwa zipatso;
- zipatso zimakonda kuwonongeka ndi mavu;
- chikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi kusakhazikika kwa zokolola zapachaka;
- ngati masango ndi aakulu, ndiye kukula kwa zipatso kumachepa, kulawa kowawitsa kumawonekera;
- Mitunduyi imatha kugwidwa ndi cinoni.
Kufika
Kuti mbewu za mphesa zikule bwino ndikubala zipatso bwino, zofunikira zina ziyenera kusungidwa mukamabzala. Dothi siliyenera kukhala loumbika komanso lamchere wambiri. Simuyenera kusankha malo olimapo ngati madzi apansi panthaka ali pafupi kwambiri ndi pamwamba pake.
Malo obzala ayenera kukhala owala bwino ndi dzuwa, otetezedwa ku drafti. Kwa madera akumpoto, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu za mphesa m'makoma a nyumba kapena pafupi ndi mipanda.
Musanabzala, dzenje limakonzedwa, momwe potashi, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous feteleza amathiridwa. Mitundu yotsetsereka imasankhidwa 1.5 ndi 1.5 mita, osachepera theka la mita ayenera kuthamangitsidwa kuchoka pazovuta (khoma kapena mpanda).
Feteleza amalowetsedwa mu dzenje, kuti azilowerera bwino, ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo pakatha milungu ingapo chomeracho chitha kubzalidwa. Zolemba zothandizira kapena trellises zimayikidwa pasadakhale.
Kusamalira mipesa yaying'ono komanso yokhwima
Mutabzala mipesa kapena kumtengowo, muyenera kupanga madzi okwanira minda yamphesa nthawi zonse. Zidebe zitatu za chinyezi ziyenera kuthiridwa pachitsamba chimodzi chaching'ono, ndipo pazomera zakale izi zimachulukanso.
Kuthirira kumachitika pamaso pa mabowo apadera.
Pofuna kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka ndikuletsa kukula kwa namsongole, nthaka yozungulira mipesa imadzazidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza ndichinthu china chofunikira. Chiwerengero chawo komanso momwe amapangidwira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nthaka ndi nyengo. Olima minda ambiri amaganiza kuti manyowa ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri.
Mipesa imafunika kudulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Isanafike yoyamba fruiting, nthambi zofooka komanso zowuma, mphukira zochulukirapo zimachotsedwa.
Kudulira kwambiri sikungapereke nyengo yokolola yotsatira.
Munda wamphesa umalekerera chisanu bwino. Koma ngati chomeracho chikulimidwa m'malo omwe kutentha kumawonekera, ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri ndikumanga malo okhala tchire.
Njira zoberekera
Izi zitha kuchitika pobzala mbande kapena kumtengowo. M'masinthidwe oyamba, mizu imamera pasadakhale pa mpesa, kenako kuyala kumayikidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita makumi awiri.
Pofalitsa ndi cuttings kuchokera ku mphukira zazing'ono, mphukira zimadulidwa, zimasungidwa pamalo ozizira, kenako zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi ofunda kwa ola limodzi. Kukhometsako kumachitika pachomera chakale, mutatha kuwombera ndi "Humate".
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa chomeracho kumachitika chifukwa cha oidium. Pofuna kuteteza mipesa ku matendawa, amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a sulfuric, mankhwala a manganese, kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, ndi mankhwala apadera. Nthawi yomweyo ndimankhwala oterewa, mutha kuchitapo kanthu podziteteza ku cinoni pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a Bordeaux, nitrafen kapena ferrous sulfate.
Shuga wokhala ndi zipatso amakopa mavu. Zomera zimatha kutetezedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde abwino okutidwa ndi masango. Njira yachiwiri ndikufalitsa nyambo pafupi ndi tchire.
Kuchokera ku mbewa, ndikofunikira kuyala zidutswa zopsereza za ubweya kapena ubweya mozungulira mipesa kuti muwopsyeze makoswe ndi zonunkhira zosasangalatsa.
Olima minda ambiri amadziwa kuti chikhalidwe chimasinthasintha posamalira. Ngati mungasamalire tchire la mphesa, mutha kupeza zokolola zokoma ngakhale m'malo ovuta.