Imodzi mwa mbewu zakale kwambiri zomwe anthu amalima ndi kufesa nandolo. Zitsamba zapachaka zochokera kubanja la legume. Kulima sikutanthauza ndalama zambiri zakuthupi.
Mitundu ndi kufotokozera kwa nandolo yambewu
Mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi nandolo wamba. Ndi chomera chokwera. Ili ndi masamba a nthenga ndi mphukira zomwe zimathera ndi zingwe. Mitengo ya nandolo ndi yobiriwira, nyembazo zimakhala zozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono, pamwamba pake ndizosalala. Imamasula yoyera, nthawi zina pinki. Chomerachi chimalimidwa ngati chakudya ndi chakudya.
Pali magulu angapo odziwika bwino ofesa nandolo:
- Shuga
- Ubongo
- Kusenda
Mitundu ya shuga imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya supu ndi mchere. Msuzi Mitundu imakhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono kuposa mitundu ina. Msuzi osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Maphikidwe Mitundu imadyedwa mwatsopano. Zakudya zam'mbali zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku mitundu ya mchere yamaphunziro osiyanasiyana achiwiri. Chomerachi chili ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
Nandolo ubongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudya kunyumba kwawowa. Mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posamalira. Kusenda Mitundu imakololedwa pamtundu wa mafakitale kuti apange chakudya.
Chifukwa nandolo ndi ofunika
Ubwino wa mtola umaphatikizapo kukhathamira kwake ndi mavitamini.
Ndiponso zinthu zotere zofunika kwa munthu monga mafuta acids, wowuma, mafuta a masamba, ulusi... Olemera zamasamba ndi mchere. Mukabzala chomerachi patsamba lanu, mudzakulitsa zakudya zabwino ndi zokoma komanso zathanzi.
Kusankha malo ndikukonzekera
Kufesa kwatha kumayambiriro kwa masika kulowa m'nthaka wokonzeka kugwa.
Mukamasankha malo obzala, muyenera kuwona izi:
- Tsambali liyenera kukhala loyatsa bwino.
- Kuperewera kwapafupi kwamadzi apansi panthaka.
- Kuwala, nthaka yachonde.
Chikhalidwe ichi chimakula bwino m'malo otentha ndipo amalekerera kwambiri mthunzi. Mabedi ayenera kukhala pamalo otseguka, opuma mpweya wabwino.
Sakonda nandolo wa malo otsika, achithaphwi. Mizu yake imalowerera mokwanira m'nthaka ndipo mbewu zomwe zimachokera kuchinyontho chambiri zimatha kupweteka.
Kubzala nandolo kumakonda nthaka yachonde ndipo kumakula bwino panthaka yosauka.
Zinthu zokwanira zokwanira ziyenera kuyambitsidwa kuti mukonzekere kufesa. M'nthawi yophukira kukumba, mpaka 6 kg feteleza organic pa mita imodzi, malinga ndi malongosoledwe kapena malangizo.
Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa msanga wobiriwira ndikuletsa maluwa ndi kupanga zipatso. Ndi zabwino kwambiri kumasula nthaka kuti ichotse kasupe phulusa... Idzasintha m'malo mwa feteleza amchere.
Mukamabzala chomera panthaka ya acidic, m'pofunika kutulutsa liming... 350 - 400 magalamu a laimu amaperekedwa pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
Chikhalidwe ichi osawopa kuzizira ndi kubzala kumatha kuyamba nthaka itangotha pang'ono. Mafinya ang'onoang'ono siowopsa mphukira.
Omwe adalipo m'malo mwake atha kutumikira mbewu iliyonse kupatula nyemba... Idzakula bwino pambuyo pa kabichi ndi mbatata. Nandolo palokha ndizomwe zimayambitsanso zomera zonse, chifukwa zimadzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni. Mizu yake siyiyenera kutayidwa mukamakolola. Kuwaphimba m'nthaka nthawi yokumba yophukira, mukulitsa kwambiri chonde.
Masamba ndi abwenzi ndi chimanga. Chimanga chochepa m'munda chimapereka chithandizo chabwino ku chomerachi. Kuti mukolole mbewu zingapo nthawi yachilimwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zakupsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Muyenera kubzala pakadutsa masiku 7 mpaka 10 kuti mupeze nandolo wobiriwira nthawi yayitali.
Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
Kuti musankhe mwachangu komanso moyenera mbeu zofesa, muyenera ayikeni m'madzi opanda mchere... Mbeu zoyandama sizoyenera kufesa. Nandolo zomwe zamira pansi ziyenera kutsukidwa m'madzi oyera. Kumera kumathamanga ngati nandolo zilowetsedwa m'madzi kutentha kwa maola 10-12. Madzi asinthidwe pambuyo pa maola 3 - 4.
Kubzala kumachitika pambuyo pomasula nthaka pambuyo pa maola 6 mpaka 8 kuti dziko lisaume. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mwakuya 4 - 6 masentimita, mtunda pakati pa mizere 35 - 40 masentimita... Mu mzere mtunda 10 - 15 cm.
Njira yobzala iyi siyabwino mitundu yonse. Mitundu ngati Oregon Giant ndi Supersweet, yomwe imakula mpaka mita ziwiri kutalika, imayenera kubzalidwa mu kapangidwe ka masentimita 70x70.
Fukani mbewu ndi nthaka. Pofuna kusunga chinyezi bwino, dothi liyenera kuphatikizidwa. Phimbani pabedi ndi pulasitiki kuti mbalame zisakodolere nthanga. Mbande zidzawoneka masiku 7 - 10 ndipo kanemayo akhoza kuchotsedwa.
Chisamaliro ndichosavuta. Thirani ndi kumasula mabedi mu nthawi yake - ndipo mudzakhala ndi zokolola zabwino. Zowonongeka - chomera moyipa kwambiri amalekerera kutentha ndi chilala... Nthawi yotere, muyenera kuthirira madzi okwanira.
Zabwino kuphatikiza kuthirira ndi feteleza... Supuni imodzi ya nitroammophoska imasungunuka pa malita 10 a madzi. Pambuyo kuthirira, timipata timamasulidwa ndipo zomerazo zimatulutsidwa.
Kuti mukolole kwambiri, ikani nandolo alireza... Izi zidzateteza mphukira kuti zisasunthike mu swath. Ndipo kupalira ndi kumasula kudzakhala kosavuta kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kukonza zokolola ndi Fokin wodula mosabisa. Dulani udzu kuti uume ndikutchingira nthaka.
Matenda ndi kuwononga tizilombo
M'nyengo yozizira, yonyowa pokonza komanso mitambo, nandolo atha kuwonongeka mafangasi matenda.
Mwachikhalidwe, Zikatero, mankhwala monga yankho la mkuwa sulphate ndi fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukakonza mbewu, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo ndi malingaliro ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Mtola njuchi ndiye mdani woipitsitsa. Mbozi zake zimabisalira m'nthaka. Nthawi zambiri, agulugufe agulugufe amawuluka mtola utayamba kuphuka. Patatha sabata imodzi itayikira mazira, mbozi zazing'ono zimawonekera. Amalowa mkati mwa chipatso nadya.
Pakatha pafupifupi milungu itatu, mbozi zimatuluka mumtengowo ndikukwera kumtunda, komwe zimagona mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Mankhwala amachitika nthawi yamaluwa... Ngati ndi kotheka, zimatha kubwerezedwa pakatha sabata.
Ndikofunika kuyamba kukolola munthawi yake kuti nandolo zisapitirire.
Mukakolola, m'pofunika kuchita zolima zakuya ndikuwona kasinthidwe ka mbeu musabwezere nandolo kumalo ano musanakwanitse zaka 5-6.
Mukamabzala mbeu iyi, mudzalandira mankhwala okhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Komanso konzani kapangidwe ka nthaka ndikulemeretsa ndi nayitrogeni.