Aliyense amakonda tomato, zipatso zake zimafunikanso chimodzimodzi kumadera akumwera ndi kumpoto. Ndi chizolowezi chokulitsa iwo kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Koma wina akhoza kutsutsana ndi izi, pali mitundu yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yanthawi yayitali, kupirira kuzizira molingana ndi mawonekedwe awo. Ndi mitundu iyi yomwe phwetekere ya Nikola ndi yake, yomwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tilimidwe ngakhale mdera la West Siberia, tidzafotokozera m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya Nikola
Agronomists a Altai agrofirm SeDek adabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere pakati pa nyengo Nikola ndikulembetsanso ku 1993. Makhalidwe apamwamba a mitundu iyi ndi awa:
- chitsamba chimakula kwambiri, pamalo otseguka chimatha kutalika mpaka 70 cm;
- chomeracho chili ndi nthambi yabwino komanso masamba ambiri;
- masambawo ndi obiriwira, amakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira;
- zipatso zipse masiku 94-115 kutuluka;
- ikakhwima, tomato amakhala ofiira komanso mawonekedwe a mpira wamba;
- zosiyanasiyana ndi za wodzipereka kwambiri, inflorescence yoyamba yazomera nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba pamasamba 8-9, zonse zotsatira zimadutsa tsamba;
- chipatso chilichonse chimakhala ndi misa 80-200 g;
- chosiyanasiyana, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chatsopano, komanso pokonza m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Chomera chilichonse chimatha kupereka makilogalamu 4.5 mosamala.
Mitundu ya Nikola imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga mafakitale ku Middle Volga ndi West Siberia.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Phwetekere Nikola ndikosavuta kukula, ngakhale mwana amatha kuchidziwa. Olima wamaluwa amaganizira zabwino izi:
- zokolola zambiri;
- kucha kwakanthawi kochepa;
- kuzizira;
- zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri;
- mayendedwe abwino;
- Cholinga cha zipatso zonse.
Komanso, izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha chitsamba osafunikira kupanga ndikutsina.
Palinso zovuta:
- chizolowezi cha matenda;
- zipatso zingapo.
Koma sizowopsa. Ngati mungasamalire moyenera komanso mankhwalawa munthawi yake, ndiye kuti matenda ambiri amatha kupewedwa, ndipo zipinda zam'chipinda cham'mbuyomu zimathandizira kusonkhanitsa mbewu zokwanira mtsogolo.
Zofunika panthaka
Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Siberia, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato ya Nikola idabadwa, yomwe idatenga zambiri kuchokera kwa kholo lake, mwazinthu zina, chomeracho sichisankha dothi.
Tsinde limatha kumera paliponse, koma nthaka imakhudza mtundu wa zokolola zake.
Kufesa
Phwetekere zosiyanasiyana Nikola pakukula ayenera kutsata njira zonse. Amasungidwa motere:
- Gawo loyamba lingakhale kukonzekera zidebe... Kuti mumere mbande, muyenera kukhala ndi zotengera momwe mbeu zidzaikidwenso. Pachifukwa ichi, zotengera zapulasitiki zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena mabokosi amtengo ndizoyenera. Zomwe mungadzipange nokha.
- Nthaka ikhoza kukonzedwa pasadakhale kuyambira kugwa, masiku angapo musanadzafese imangobweretsedwa m'nyumba ndikutenthedwa. Gawo logulitsira la chilengedwe chonse ndiloyeneranso, lomwe limafunikanso kutentha.
- Gawo lotsatira la ntchito yokonzekera ndi kusankha ndi kuthira mbewu... Pachifukwa ichi, nyembazo zimatsukidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikusiya m'madzi kwa mphindi 15-20. Mbeu zoyipa zidzayandama, zabwino zidzamira pansi. Pambuyo pake, ndibwino kuti zilowerere munthawi yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate kapena fungicide. Izi ziziwonjezera pang'ono chitetezo chazomera zamtsogolo. Kuyandama kumatha kukhala maola 12 mpaka masiku asanu.
- Mukadutsa magawo awa, mutha kuchita mwachindunji kubzala... Pachifukwa ichi, dothi limatsanulidwira m'makina ndikufesa mbewu. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita 1. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi nthaka yosanjikiza, pafupifupi masentimita 1-1.5, imathirira madzi ambiri ndikuyika pamalo ofunda, owala bwino.
Ndi njira yoyenera, mbande zidzawoneka patatha masiku 7-10 mutabzala. Kuti mufulumizitse kumera, muyenera pangani zotsatira zowonjezera kutentha... Izi zitha kuchitika ndikungoika galasi pamwamba pa beseni kapena kukulunga mufilimu.
Kufikira pansi
Pambuyo pa masamba awiri achiwiri owona, chomera chilichonse chimadutsa sankhani mu chidebe chosiyana, makapu omwe amatha kutayika kapena miphika yapadera yopangidwa ndi peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakangodutsa chiwopsezo cha chisanu, mbewu zokhwima ziyenera kubzalidwa panja, pomwe zipitilira kukula ndikuyamba kubala zipatso.
Pochita izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Onetsetsani mosamala kusiyana kwa mzere, pakati pa tchire payenera kukhala osachepera 50 × 70.
- Kubzala kumachitika ndi njira yosinthira kuti musunge umphumphu wa rhizome.
- Njirayi imachitika bwino masana makamaka nyengo yamvula.
- Mutabzala, m'pofunika kuti mubzala mbande kwa masiku angapo ndikutsanulira madzi otenthedwa ndi dzuwa kangapo.
Pambuyo pake, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbewuzo zimakula msanga ndikuwasangalatsa ndi maluwa, kenako ndi zipatso za omwe amalima.
Kunyamuka atatsika
Kungobzala tomato sikokwanira kupeza zokolola. Kuti akwaniritse izi, tomato amafunika chisamaliro, chomwe chimakhala ndi:
- wokhazikika kumasula nthaka yozungulira;
- kukonza mpweya wabwino dulani masamba apansi ndi chitsamba ndikumasula danga pakati pazomera namsongole;
- Kupititsa patsogolo njira yopangira ovary pansi pazomwe zikukulirakulira ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kupopera mankhwala a boric acid kuchokera ku botolo la utsi kapena superphosphate.
Kuphatikiza apo, munthawi zosiyanasiyana, kufulumizitsa kwakupatsa zipatso kumaloledwa. Kuti muchite izi, ingotulutsani burashi ndi tomato pansi pamasamba padzuwa.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Phwetekere Nikola ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda awa:
- zowola pamwamba;
- wakuda malo bakiteriya;
- choipitsa mochedwa.
Kuti athane nawo, ndikofunikira zilowerereni mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuyendera chomeracho nthawi zonse.
Chithandizo chokhazikika popewa Kusakaniza kwa Bordeaux kapena njira zina zodzitetezera ku bowa zithandizira kuteteza zimayambira komanso mbeu.
Kukolola
Chipatso chosapsa cha phwetekere la Nikola chili ndi mtundu wobiriwira; mu nyengo zosakhutiritsa, ndi mu mawonekedwe awa omwe amatha kuchotsedwa mmera.
Mukungoyenera kuchita pamodzi ndi mapesi kapena maburashi, ndipamtundu uwu pomwe tomato amatha kucha msanga komanso bwino pamalo otentha ndi amdima.
Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuwona momwe kutentha kumakhalira ndikusunga chinyezi mchipinda. Zikhala zabwino ngati thermometer iwonetsa +17ndipo chinyezi chidzakhala osaposa 40%.
Phwetekere Nikola ndiosavuta kuyisamalira, kukoma kwambiri komanso zisonyezo zamsika zimalola kuti ikule ndi wamaluwa m'modzi komanso m'mafakitale.