Currant ndi mabulosi othandiza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma compote ndi timadziti tosiyanasiyana, imakhalanso gawo la ma jamu osiyanasiyana komanso amateteza.
Ndikosavuta kulima chomera chotere m'nyengo yachilimwe. Komanso, red currant ndi chomera m'malo modzichepetsa.
Kodi kukula red ndi wakuda currants?
Kuti ma currants ofiira kapena akuda akule bwino ndikubweretsa zokolola zochuluka komanso zapachaka, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kubzala kuti shrub ikhale yabwino:
- currants sakuvomerezeka kuti mubzalidwe m'malo omwe tchire lakale lachikhalidwe ichi kapena gooseberries lidakula kale;
- madzi apansi sayenera kupitirira 1.5 mita, apo ayi mizu imatha kuvunda kapena kufa;
- Sitikulimbikitsanso kubzala ma currants m'malo otsika momwe madzi amvula kapena chisanu chosungunuka amasonkhana;
Ngati ndizosatheka kubzala shrub pamalo ouma, mutha kukhetsa ndi dongo lokulitsa. Chida choterocho chimaletsa bwino chinyezi chowonjezera.
- thanzi ndi zokolola za shrub mwachindunji zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pakalibe zizindikirozi, chomeracho chimayamba kupweteka ndikusiya kulimbana ndi tizirombo, zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa kapena zimasowa;
- Mphepo yamkuntho imakhudzanso ma currants, chifukwa chake malowa sayenera kungotetedwa, komanso amatetezedwa ku mphepo zakumpoto ndi kum'mawa. Kukula tchire, palibe ukadaulo wapadera waulimi womwe ukufunika. Chilichonse chitha kuchitidwa ndi dzanja.
Ma currants amakula bwino pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse, kusiyanasiyana ndi:
- nthaka yamchenga;
- nthaka yamiyala;
- madambo.
Komanso, chikhalidwechi chimakonda dothi losalowerera ndale, chifukwa chake, pamaso pa nthaka ya acidic, iyenera kukhala laimu kale. Kuti muchite izi, magalamu 400 amiyala yophwanyidwa kapena magalamu 300 a laimu otsekedwa amawonjezeredwa pamalo okwana mita imodzi.
Nthawi yofikira kunyumba yawo yachilimwe
Currants ingabzalidwe masika (kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo) komanso nthawi yophukira (pakati pa Seputembara - koyambirira kwa Okutobala). Koma alimi odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa kuchita chimodzimodzi kubzala kwa nthawi yophukira, chifukwa kuli ndi zabwino zambiri:
- Zomera zimatha kumera mizu nyengo yozizira isanayambike ndipo imalekerera chisanu chisanu bwino. Ndipo pamene njirayi ikuchitika mchaka, shrub ikukula kwambiri ndi mizu, koma imagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu pomanga masamba ndikusiya nyengo yozizira mu mawonekedwe ofooka, chifukwa chake sangapirire nyengo yachisanu ndikungofa;
- Komanso, mbewu zobzalidwa nthawi yophukira zimayenda mwachangu ndipo, motero, zimayamba kubala zipatso mwachangu.
Kwa madera akumwera ndi apakati, kubzala nthawi yophukira kumakhala koyenera, ndipo Kumpoto kapena Urals, ma currants ofiira ndi akuda amabzalidwa masika, kuti mizu ilimbe, koma nthawi yomweyo masamba onse ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake kuti mmera usakhale ndi masamba.
Kubzala ndikukula ma currants
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka
Gawo loyambirira lodzala currants ndikukonzekera kwakanthawi kwa nthaka:
- Mukamabzala nthawi yophukira, dzenjelo limakonzedwa pafupifupi masabata 3-4 isanachitike, ndikubzala masika, dzenje liyenera kukumbidwa mu Seputembara. Kukonzekera koyambirira kumafunikira kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde;
- Popeza kapangidwe kake ka mizu ya ma currants ofiira, kuya ndikutalika kwa dzenje nthawi zambiri kumakhala masentimita 40-50;
- Mukamakumba dzenje, pansi pake limapindidwa padera kuchokera pamwamba. Kenako nthaka yachonde (kumtunda) imasakanizidwa ndi:
- Zidebe 2 za kompositi, humus kapena kompositi yovunda;
- Magalamu 100 a superphosphate;
- 90 magalamu a potaziyamu sulphate.
- Mwa mawonekedwe awa, dzenje lobzala limatsalira mpaka mmera utabzalidwa.
Ndibwino kugula mbande masiku ochepa musanadzalemo ndikutsatira malamulo onse oyendetsa. Kuti muchite izi, mizu ya chomerayo imayambitsidwa koyamba, kenako ndikukulungidwa ndi burlap ndipo zomwe zimapangidwazo zimalimbikitsidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki.
Njira zobzala
Kutera kumodzi
Ndi kubzala uku, ma currants amabweretsa zokolola zochuluka ndikukhala motalikirapo kuposa njira zina. Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu osachepera mita ziwiri kuchokera ku mitengo ina ndi zitsamba.
Kufika mwachizolowezi
Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa wamaluwa omwe akufuna kusonkhanitsa zipatso zochuluka kwambiri kuchokera kumadera ochepa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri kubzala mzere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polima malonda a red currants. Chokhacho chokhacho ndikubvala kofulumira kwa zomera ndipo, chifukwa chake, kufa kwawo mwachangu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, munthu ayenera kulingalira za mtundu uliwonse wa zitsamba ndikubzala zitsamba zokhala ndi korona wokongola pamtunda wa masentimita 120-150, ndikubzala mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphukira patali masentimita 70-110.
Kufikira pa trellis
Kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna, zitsamba zimabzalidwa patali masentimita 50-100 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pambuyo pazaka 2-3, nthambi za currant zimakhazikika pama trellises omwe adaikidwa. Poterepa, mutha kupeza ndege yolimba ya zipatso.
M'malo mozungulira mwapadera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mpanda womwe umatseka tsambalo.
Malamulo ofika
Ukadaulo wobzala ma currants wakuda uli motere:
- Ndibwino kuyika mmera mdzenje pang'onopang'ono kwa madigiri 45, koma kutsetsereka moyenera ndikothekanso, komwe kumakhala kosavuta komanso kodziwika bwino;
- Mzu wa mizu uyenera kukhala masentimita 5-6 oyikidwa pansi;
- mukamakumba dzenje, muyenera kugwedeza mmera nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mupewe kupanga matumba amlengalenga pakati pa mizu ya chomeracho;
- Pa gawo lotsatira, dziko lapansi liyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
- Kuti chomera chizike bwino pamalo atsopano, sikokwanira kungodzala bwino... Ndikofunikira kusamalira tchire laling'ono:
- Mukangobzala, kabowo kakang'ono kamakumbidwa mozungulira ma currants, momwe chidebe chamadzi chimayenera kuthiridwa pang'onopang'ono. Njira zoterezi sizingonyowetsa nthaka, komanso zimathandizira kulumikizana kwa mizu ndi nthaka;
- Madzi atawuma, poyambira pamadzaza ndi humus, peat kapena nthaka youma yokha;
Pochita izi, simukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamchere ndi manyowa atsopano, chifukwa zimatha kuyaka pamizu ndipo chomeracho chidzafa chaka choyamba.
- Komanso, nthaka yozungulira chitsamba imatha kulumikizidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 5-10;
- Kufulumizitsa mapangidwe a korona wa tchire ndikupewa kuwoneka kopanda mphamvu nthawi yomweyo mutabzala, nthambi zonse zazomera zimafupikitsidwa mpaka masamba 2-4.
Njira yobzala bwino ndiyo njira yokhayo yopindulira pakukula zitsamba ndikupeza zokolola zochuluka.
Chisamaliro
Kuti shrub ipereke zokolola zambiri momwe mungathere, muyenera kuyisamalira bwino osanyalanyaza ngakhale njira zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono.
Kumasula
Nthaka yozungulira shrub iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mizu ilandire kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya. M'dera la mizu, kumasula kumachitika mpaka masentimita 5-6, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa kuya mpaka masentimita 15 ikamachoka m'munsi mwa chomeracho.
Kuthirira
Ma currants amatha kuthana ndi chilala chanthawi yochepa, koma kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kusunga 80% ya chinyezi cha nthaka, kuti muwone chizindikiro ichi, mutha kukumba pansi pakuya masentimita 30, mukapanikizika kukhala chotupa, ziyenera kukhalabe mawonekedwe ake.
Mukamwetsa, muyenera kudzaza nthaka ndi chinyezi ndi masentimita 40-50, chifukwa ichi shrub yaying'ono idzafunika zidebe ziwiri zamadzi, ndi wamkulu 4-5. Pali njira zingapo zothirira:
- mutha kukumba poyambira kuzungulira chomeracho ndikutsanulira madzi modekha;
- chifukwa cha kutera kwakukulu, ngalande imatulutsidwa ndipo payipi yodzazidwa ndi madzi imayikidwapo.
Pambuyo kuthirira tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka.
Zovala zapamwamba
Kuti zokolola zochuluka komanso zazikulu ziyambire patchire, ndikofunikira kupanga zovala zingapo zapamwamba zomwe zimadyetsa nthaka. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala, palibe chifukwa chothira nthaka, chomeracho chimakhala ndi michere yokwanira yomwe imayambitsidwa mukamabzala.
Kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo
Pofuna kupewa kuwonekera kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, m'pofunika kuthana ndi shrub ndikukonzekera mwapadera ndikuchita zodulira zaukhondo.
M'chaka:
- Ma currants amathiriridwa kamodzi koyambirira kwa Meyi, koma ngati dzinja limakhala lachisanu, ndipo kasupe adali owuma, ndiye kuti njirayi idasinthidwa mpaka Epulo;
- Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka mosamala;
- M'chaka, mtengowo umachiritsidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera kapena madzi a Brodsky;
- Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira, kuchotsa nthambi zonse zachisanu, zowonongeka kapena zokulirapo.
Kumayambiriro kwa tsamba lofalikira, ma currants amapangidwa ndi 50 magalamu a urea ndi magalamu 500 a phulusa. Zovala zapamwamba zimabalalika pansi pa tchire, kenako zimayikidwa mosamala. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chinyezi chimafunikira kuti isungunuke feteleza, chifukwa chake ngati nthaka yauma ndipo sipanakhalepo mphepo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti njirayi iyenera kuchitika pambuyo pothirira madzi ambiri.
Nthawi yamaluwa, ma currants ofiira amapatsidwa feteleza wochuluka ndi zitosi za nkhuku.
Ma currants samalekerera klorini, chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala osamala posankha feteleza ndikugwiritsa ntchito sulphate m'malo mwa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake.
Komanso, kumapeto kwa nyengo, shrub iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza (humus, kompositi, manyowa, ndi zina zambiri). Pa dothi lachonde, njirayi imachitika kamodzi pa zaka zitatu, koma m'malo osauka iyenera kubwerezedwa pachaka.
M'chilimwe:
- M'nyengo yotentha, shrub imayenera kuthiriridwa nthaka ikauma; nyengo yanthawi zonse komanso kusowa kwa chilala, njirayi imachitika kamodzi mu masabata awiri;
- Olima wamaluwa odziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kumasula nthaka pang'ono mukamathirira;
- Komanso, chilimwe, muyenera kuyang'anira ukhondo wa mizu ndikuchotsa namsongole.
- Pakapangidwe ndikudzaza zipatso, ma currants amatha kupopera mankhwala opatsa mphamvu, koma njira yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yothandiza ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamadzi atatha maluwa. Feteleza oterewa amaphatikiza feteleza wamadzi wolowetsedwa ndi mullein, ndowe za mbalame kapena slurry.
- Amaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito infusions okonzedwa pamitundu yazitsamba zosiyanasiyana, zipatso za zipatso, ndi zina zambiri monga kudyetsa chilimwe. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza ndikuwonjezeredwa ndikuthirira kulikonse.
Kutha:
- M'dzinja, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka zero, kudzafunika kuyika chinyezi chochuluka pokonzekera shrub m'nyengo yozizira;
- Tikulimbikitsanso kumasula nthaka kugwa kuti mizu ilandire mpweya wochuluka momwe zingathere m'nyengo yozizira;
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudulira ukhondo nthawi yogwa, pomwe nthambi zonse zowuma, zodwala komanso zowonongeka zidzachotsedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchotse matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- Mukakolola, pansi pa chitsamba, pangani:
- 50 magalamu a superphosphate;
- Magalamu 20 a potaziyamu sulphate;
- Manyowa achilengedwe (panthaka yachonde kamodzi zaka ziwiri).
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira mdziko muno
Ngakhale kuti currant yakuda ndi mbeu yolimba yozizira, imafunikirabe chitetezo china m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi:
Nthambi zonse zamtchire ziyenera kukhota pansi mosamala ndipo kuchuluka kwa njerwa kuyikidwa pamwamba, komwe kudzakhala katundu. Pochita izi, ndikofunikira kuti musawononge nthambi za chomeracho. Chipale chofewa ndichodzitchinjiriza kutenthedwe koopsa, chifukwa chake njirayi imatheka nthawi yachisanu chisanu.
Muthanso kukulunga nthambi iliyonse ya shrub mu agrofibre yapadera, pomwe kuli koyenera kuwonjezera kutsekemera kwamafuta amchere. Chida ichi ndi chabwino kwa chisanu choopsa kapena panthawi yomwe kulibe chivundikiro cha chisanu.
Ma currants ofiira ndi akuda ndi mabulosi abwino kwambiri, msuzi kapena compote omwe amatha kuthetsa ludzu lanu tsiku lotentha, ndipo kupanikizana komwe kumapangidwa ndi zipatsozi kumakhala kowawa kosangalatsa komanso kosazolowereka. Ma currants amabweretsa zokolola zambiri, ndipo kukulitsa mdzikolo kudzakuthandizani kuti mutenge zosakaniza zambiri kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi kuti zikonzedwe.
Ndipo kumapeto, kanema kochepa momwe mungakulire ma currants: