Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe tsopano kukukulira kutchuka. Mankhwala achilengedwe atha kukhala ochokera kuzomera ndi nyama. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe kumathandiza kwambiri pazinthu zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, feteleza wopatsa chakudya amapereka mphutsi zomwe zimamasula dziko lapansi, ndikudzaza mbewu ndi zofunikira zofunikira, komanso chifukwa cha feteleza, nthaka imamasuka ndipo imalola mpweya ndi chinyezi kudutsa. Zomwe feteleza wamba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko muno, tikukuuzani zambiri.
Zothandiza phulusa ngati feteleza m'munda
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, makolo athu adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa, powona mawonekedwe ake apadera. Ubwino wa chinthucho ndi wofunika kwambiri. Anathira manyowa m'minda ndi phulusa, ndikuwaza mabala nawo, ndikutsuka tsitsi lawo. Kapangidwe kake kadzaza ndi zotsalira zazinthu:
- P (phosphorous);
- Ca (calcium);
- Mg (magnesium);
- Ka (potaziyamu);
- Na (sodium).
Phulusa limakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofufuzira, chokhacho ndi nayitrogeni. Kuyika phulusa m'nthaka kumathandizira osati kungokupindulitsani, komanso kumapangitsanso. Mlingo wa nthaka acidity umachepa, umakhala womasuka. Phulusa ndilopanda klorini, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale labwino kwa mbewu zomwe sizilola kulira klorini.
Pokhapokha ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa ndikotheka pamitundu iyi:
- Nthaka yolemera yadothi... Phulusa likawonjezedwa, dothi limakulanso. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumadalira mulingo wa acidity wa nthaka, poganizira mbewu zomwe zakula mderali. Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa phulusa pa 1 sq. mita ndi kuchokera 150 mpaka 810 magalamu. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tibweretse phulusa mu dothi lamtunduwu kugwa.
- Nthaka yamchenga. M'nthaka yamtunduwu, phulusa liyenera kubweretsedwa mchaka, kuti chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, zinthu zonse zofunikira sizimalowa pansi kwambiri ndi chisanu chosungunuka. Imathandizira nthaka yabwinoyi ndikudzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira.
- Nthaka yamchere. Normalizes acidity, kulemeretsa ndi mchere.
Phulusa sayenera kuwonjezeredwa panthaka ya solonetzic!
Feteleza ndiwothandiza kwambiri pazomera zotsatirazi:
- mbatata - pokonza nthaka yobzala pamlingo wa galasi 1 pa 1 sq. mita;
- tomato, biringanya, tsabola - makapu 1.5 pa 1 sq. mita mukamabzala mbande pamalo okhazikika;
- zukini, sikwashi, nkhaka - muyenera kuwonjezera galasi 1 pa 1 sq. mita;
- anyezi, adyo - mukamabzala, onjezerani makapu awiri pa 1 sq. mita;
- beets, parsley, radish, kaloti - onjezerani 1 galasi pa 1 mita mita imodzi pakufesa. mita;
- nyemba, nandolo, letesi, katsabola - 1 galasi pa 1 sq. mita;
- kabichi - makapu awiri pa 1 sq. mita.
Kuphatikiza pa mbewu zamasamba, phulusa limathandizanso pakukula kwa sitiroberi, mitengo yazipatso, ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Mukamabzala mitengo, phulusa losakanikirana ndi nthaka limaponya kilogalamu 1-2. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze phulusa mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, popeza mukalumikizana nalo, mizu ya chomerayo imatha kutentha.
Pakukula kwa mbewu, phulusa la nkhuni limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati subcortex:
- Kwa mbatata, kwinaku mukubaya, supuni 1.5-3 za phulusa zimatsanulidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
- Kwa ma strawberries - aphwanye nthaka yotayirira pamlingo wa makapu 2 pa 1 sq. mita.
- Manyowa anyezi ndi adyo pamlingo wa chikho chimodzi pa 1 sq. mita.
Njira yothetsera phulusa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholimbikitsira chokulitsa mbeu. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa phulusa mu magalamu 20 a phulusa pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Njirayi iyenera kulowetsedwa kwa maola 24, kenako mbewu zimizidwa mmenemo kwa maola 6.
Kuzunza kumabweretsa kufalikira kwa mbozi m'nthaka ndi mabakiteriya ofunikira pazomera zomwe zimadzaza nthaka.
Phulusa siligwiritsidwe ntchito:
- Zomera zomwe zimakula panthaka ya acidic - sorelo, dzungu, mpiru, mabulosi abulu.
- Kwa maluwa - hydrangeas, azaleas, magnolias.
- Kwa mbande zazing'ono, mpaka masamba atatu awonekere pa iwo.
Laimu wa feteleza nthaka m'munda masika
Chofunikira komanso chofunikira pakukulitsa chonde m'nthaka, chomwe chili ndi Ca ndi Mg momwe zimapangidwira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda kuti muchepetse acidity wa nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'nthaka ndi chifukwa chakuchepa, kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso kuchepa kwa zokolola. Zotsatira zake, dothi limamasuka kwambiri ndikusungabe chinyezi bwino.
Kupaka miyala mosanjikiza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu iyi:
- loam wonyezimira - 240 magalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita;
- mchenga - 250 magalamu pa 1 mita imodzi;
- avareji loam - 360-750 magalamu pa mita mita iliyonse. mita;
- loam lolemera - 400-810 magalamu pa 1 sq. mita.
Ubwino wa fluff ndi awa:
- kuwonjezera ntchito zofunika za tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'nthaka;
- kukonza kapangidwe kake ndi nthaka;
- Kupititsa patsogolo nthaka ndi ma microelements;
- kutsegula kwa kukula kwa mbewu;
- kuchepa kwa mulingo wa michere yamagetsi yazomera.
Kugwa, musanalime nthaka, laimu wam'munda amabalalika pamalopo, manyowa kapena humus amafalikira ndipo nthaka imalimidwa. Chifukwa cha mvula, laimu imagawidwa mofanana m'nthaka, kufikira mizu yazomera. Chifukwa chake, kayendedwe ka liming kamadzaza nthaka ndi zinthu zofunikira mpaka zaka khumi,
Ndikothekanso kuchita liming m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kumapeto kwa nyengo isanamasulidwe koyamba ka nthaka ndi feteleza. Chifukwa cha laimu, mphamvu yothira nthaka imakulanso ndipo umuna umathiridwa mwachangu komanso bwino. Laimu, kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 2.5, ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi humus ndikugawa pamunda. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofananira ndi kuwonjezera ma kilogalamu khumi a ufa wa laimu.
Mutha kupanga ufa wa laimu kunyumba motere:
- Thirani msanga pamalo athyathyathya wosanjikiza masentimita 9 ndikuwaza ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la utsi.
- Dikirani mphindi 30 kuti laimuyo ikhale ndi nthawi yozimitsa ndi youma.
- Sonkhanitsani ufa wotsatirawo ndikuwaza mabala otsalawo. Chitani izi mpaka sipadzatsala mabowa.
Kwa makilogalamu 100 a laimu, kumwa madzi sikuyenera kupitirira malita 4.
Kuchuluka kwa laimu wofunsira panthaka kumawerengedwa kutengera acidity yake:
- asidi kwambiri (pH osakwana 4) -550-600 magalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita;
- acidic kwambiri (pH 4) -450-550 magalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita;
- acidic (pH 4-5) -350-450 magalamu pa 1 sq. mita;
- acidic pang'ono (pH 5-6) 275-310 magalamu pa 1 sq. mita.
Mukamabzala mbatata, kugwiritsa ntchito liming sikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa izi zitha kufooketsa chitetezo chake ku matenda! Musagwiritse ntchito liming mukamakula kaloti ndi radishes. Amasiya kubereka.
Musagwiritse ntchito liming pansi, kutatsala pang'ono kuthira manyowa!
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji keke ya mpiru mdziko muno
Kugwiritsa ntchito keke yamafuta ngati chovala chapamwamba kuli ndi mbali ziwiri zabwino:
- kumawonjezera zokolola;
- amateteza zomera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Monga chovala chapamwamba, keke yokhayokha yozizira, yowuma bwino ndi nthaka, ndiyo yoyenera. Ngati boma lotentha kwambiri lidagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukanikiza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito keke yotere kumadzetsa kuponderezana.
Keke ya mpiru ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- amalepheretsa kukula ndi kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya a fungal ndi putrefactive omwe amathandizira ku matenda monga kuchepa kwamatenda ndi fusarium;
- amawopsyeza tizirombo.
Keke imalowetsedwa m'nthaka yovunda kapena ngati phulusa lomwe latsalira lidayaka.
Zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito ndi:
- kukonza nthaka yolimba;
- ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch, madzi amatuluka bwino;
- kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka ndi zinthu zovulaza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kumachepetsedwa.
Keke ya mpiru iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motere:
- mukamabzala mbatata, tomato, biringanya, tsabola, ndikofunikira kutsanulira supuni 1 ya keke yamafuta mdzenje;
- kwa anyezi ndi adyo, mugawire keke pang'ono pamiyeso ya 1 mita;
- mukamabzala strawberries - supuni 0,5 pa bowo;
- kufesa kaloti, parsley, udzu winawake, beets - 1 ochepa pa mita imodzi;
- nkhaka, sikwashi, zukini - supuni 1.
Kuti mupititse patsogolo ntchito za zigawozo, mutapanga keke, muyenera kuwaza ndi nthaka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera khofi kapena malo a khofi
Khofi ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha organic mu maluwa ndi maluwa. Feteleza wamtunduwu ndi woyenera mitundu yonse yanthaka.
Ili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira pazomera:
- potaziyamu;
- magnesium;
- calcium;
- phosphorous;
- nayitrogeni.
Pambuyo powonjezera kukhuthala, dothi limamasuka ndikuloweka. Komanso fetereza wamtunduwu ndi malo opindulitsa ma mbozi ndipo amatumikiranso tizilombo todwalitsa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito khofi wogona:
- wandiweyani amabalalika mozungulira mabowo ndi zomera ndikuthirira madzi ambiri;
- mukamabzala mbande pamalo okhazikika mu dzenje, onjezerani pang'ono. Zimapindulitsa makamaka pakukula kwa mbande za phwetekere;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngalande yosanjikiza;
- mutasakanizidwa ndi zitsamba zamatenda sizingapangitse ziphuphu mukamayala;
- mu mawonekedwe osungunuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira;
- osakanikirana ndi mbewu mukamabzala, chifukwa chake mbewu zimamera mwachangu.
Muthanso kupanga kompositi wathanzi ndi malo owonjezera a khofi. Mtengo wophika ndi motere:
- malo a khofi - 45% ya misa yonse;
- ulesi waulesi - 18%;
- masamba owuma - 42%
- chakudya chamafupa - 2.5 odzaza manja;
- nthaka yatsopano - fosholo 1.
Manyowa amakonzedwa bwino m dzenje la manyowa. Ngati palibe dzenje, ndiye kuti mutha kuphika pansi, koma nthawi zonse pamalo otetezedwa ku mvula ndi mphepo. Pamwambapa chisakanizochi chiyenera kutsanulidwa ndi madzi ndikusakanikirana bwino. Zipatso zowola zimatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti zikongoletse mphamvu. Ndi ndodo yolowera mpweya, mabowo ayenera kupangidwa muluwo. Kukula kwa muluwo, kumakhala bwino kusasitsa manyowa.
Mukamabzala mitengo yazipatso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira manyowa padzenje kenako ndikumwazikana kuzungulira thunthu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kusunga chinyezi ndikuletsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba akugwa ngati feteleza pakugwa
Kumapeto kwa nyengoyi, wamaluwa amayesa kuchotsa masamba omwe agwa m'njira yawo - amawotcha kapena kutaya zinyalala. Komabe, masamba akugwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza.
Masamba omwe agwawo amakhala ndi zinthu monga:
- Ka (potaziyamu);
- Fe (chitsulo);
- Mg (magnesium);
- P (phosphorous);
- S (sulfure);
- Ca (calcium);
- N (nayitrogeni).
Njira yosavuta kuthira manyowa mitengo yazipatso ndikukumba mu thunthu lokhala ndi utali wozungulira mita imodzi, chotsani dothi lalitali mpaka 25 cm ndikukhazikitsa malo opanda masamba omwe ali ndi masamba, kuphatikiza masamba a mtedza, ndikuwonjezera magalamu 500 a ndowe za nkhuku, madzi ndikusiya masiku atatu. Pambuyo masiku atatu, perekani masambawo ndi dziko lapansi. Kutentha kwambiri, masambawo sadzangodzaza mizu yamitengoyi ndi zinthu zothandiza, komanso amateteza ku kuzizira kwa chisanu. Pogwiritsa ntchito manyowa, simungagwiritse ntchito masamba omwe agwa, komanso masamba a kabichi otsalira mukakolola.
Njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito masamba ndi kompositi:
- Masamba ogwa amayikidwa m dzenje la manyowa;
- Kenako, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amachepetsedwa - magalamu 25 pa chidebe chimodzi chamadzi ndipo masamba amatsanulira;
- Ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, masamba amasakanikirana ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, amathiranso;
- Zomera zimamera ndi manyowa okonzeka.
Manyowa opatsa thanzi kwambiri amachokera ku masamba a mtedza. Koma kompositi yochokera masamba a phwetekere imakhala ngati zovala zapamwamba komanso njira yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhusu a mbewu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zomera, komanso kompositi. Kuti mupeze manyowa kuchokera ku mankhusu a mpendadzuwa, ndibwino kupatula chidebe china, chifukwa mankhusuwo amawola kwanthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pakuwonongeka, ndikofunikira kusakaniza ndi mullein, popeza ili ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, ndipo mulibe yokwanira mankhusu.
Mukamabzala mbatata, tomato, mankhusu akhoza kuyikidwa m'mabowo. Momwemonso, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala zitsamba ndi mitengo.
Mankhusu owonjezeredwa m'nthaka apangitsa kuti amasuke komanso athandize kulowa kwa madzi komanso mpweya wabwino kuzu wazomera.
Tizilombo tomwe timafalikira pamwamba pa nthaka chifukwa mulch sichiwonongeka. Mzere wa mulch uyenera kukhala wochuluka masentimita 2.5. Chosanjikiza chotere sichimalola chinyezi kutuluka ndipo chidzaletsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kuyambitsa udzu m'nthaka
Udzu ndi masamba omwe amauma a chimanga ndi zokolola. Udzu womwe umapezeka ku mitundu ya mbewuzo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza
- tirigu;
- phala;
- balere;
- nandolo.
Njira yowola udzu m'nthaka imachitika mothandizidwa ndi nayitrogeni. Nitrogeni akachuluka m'nthaka, zimachitika mwachangu. Pofulumizitsa kuwonongeka, udzu ukulimbikitsidwa kuti upakidwe pamodzi ndi nayitrogeni kapena manyowa.
Udzu womwe umayambitsidwa bwino umakhutitsa nthaka ndi zidulo zingapo pakuwonongeka, zomwe zimasokoneza kukula kwa mizu. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nayitrogeni. Imalepheretsa zovuta zomwe zidazi zimabweretsa pazomera ndipo deoxidation imachitika.
Tirigu udzu uli:
- Ine (ayodini);
- Co (cobalt);
- Mn (manganese);
- Zn (nthaka);
- Na (sodium);
- Fe (chitsulo);
- Mg (magnesium);
- vitamini D;
- Mavitamini B;
- vitamini A.
Udzu wa barele umakhala ndi zinthu zambiri monga:
- Ca (calcium);
- P (phosphorous);
- K (potaziyamu);
- Mg (magnesium);
- Ine (ayodini);
- Fe (chitsulo);
- Na (sodium);
Mulinso:
- CHIKWANGWANI;
- lysine;
- mapuloteni;
- vitamini D;
- vitamini A;
- vitamini PP;
- vitamini E.
Udzu wa oat uli wodzaza ndi:
- chitsulo;
- cobalt;
- potaziyamu;
- CHIKWANGWANI;
- carotene;
- mapuloteni.
Mtola wa mtola uli ndi:
- lysine;
- CHIKWANGWANI;
- mapuloteni;
- phosphorous;
- calcium;
- magnesium;
- vitamini C;
- vitamini PP;
- Mavitamini B
Komanso kuwonjezera pakuphatikizira udzu m'nthaka, umagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mulch. Zimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa chinyezi m'mabedi ndi kukula kwa namsongole.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za tsamba la anyezi
Anyezi wa peel amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza ngati decoction, tincture, komanso mulch. Msuzi umakonzedwa motere - magalasi awiri a mankhusu (lembani magalasi bwino) amathiridwa ndi ndowa. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala madigiri 40. Kuumirira kwa maola atatu ndi theka. Lemberani:
- Mukakhala chikasu cha masamba a nkhaka, kuthirira kangapo pakatha masiku 14.
- Madzi pamene mbewu zamkati zifota. Mizu imachira msanga;
- Mbewuzo zimapopera mbewu pakukula ndikuthirira mlungu umodzi isanachitike. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbande zisamere mofulumira.
The tincture amapangidwa 0,5 makilogalamu a anyezi mankhusu odzazidwa ndi malita awiri ndi theka la madzi ofunda. Izi zikuyenera kukakamizidwa kwa maola 18-19 mchipinda chamdima.
Lemberani:
- Ngati powdery mildew pa nkhaka. Kupopera kumachitika mpaka kanayi ndikudutsa masiku asanu ndi limodzi.
- Ngati tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, crocuses zimaundana nthawi yachisanu chisanu, ndikofunikira kuthirira maluwawo kuti achire.
- Ankakonda kulimbana ndi akangaude.
Tincture yokonzeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Sikoyenera kusungidwa, chifukwa chimatayika.
Chidule cha tebulo lama feteleza ogwiritsidwa ntchito patsambali
Feteleza | Ubwino | zovuta |
Phulusa | Imapangitsa nthaka kumasuka, imadzaza ndi zinthu zothandiza, imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa acidity, mbewu zomwe zimathiridwa mu yankho la phulusa zimere mwachangu. | Kuchuluka m'nthaka kumabweretsa kutha kwa mbozi zapadziko lapansi ndi mabakiteriya opindulitsa. Ngati mizu ingakumane ndi phulusa, mizu yazomera ikhoza kutentha. |
Layimu | Imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthaka acidity, dothi limamasuka, limasungabe chinyezi bwino, ndipo limachepetsa mphamvu yazitsulo - Fe, Al ndi Mn. | Sizigwira ntchito zikhalidwe zonse.Sagwiritsidwe ntchito mbatata, tomato, sorelo, parsley, nandolo, zukini, dzungu. Kaloti ndi radishes zimasiya kubereka. |
Keke ya mpiru | Kuchulukitsa zokolola, kumateteza zomera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, kuyeretsa nthaka ku mizu yovunda. | Mukalumikizana ndi mizu, mizu ya mbewuyo imayaka. |
Malo a khofi | Zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbande zazing'ono, zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphutsi zabwino, komanso kuthamangitsa tizirombo | Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch, imawuma ndikupanga kutumphuka panthaka. |
Masamba agwa | Amamasula nthaka, kuthira mpweya ndi chinyezi. Imakhala ngati chophimba m'nyengo yozizira, kuteteza mizu yazomera | |
Manja a mbewu za mpendadzuwa | Kumasula nthaka, kumapangitsa kuti ipume. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch, umathandiza kuti chinyezi chisatuluke komanso namsongole kumera. | Kuthirira payipi sikulimbikitsidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito mulch, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa madzi kumaswa mulching. Amawola kwa nthawi yayitali ndikutulutsa nayitrogeni panthaka. |
Mphasa | Zomwe zili m'gulu la michere. Amapangitsa nthaka kuphwanyika. Kukhoza kutumiza ndi kusunga chinyezi kumawonjezeka. | Njira zowola pang'onopang'ono (zaka 3-5). Powola, imadzaza nthaka ndi zidulo zowopsa. Zinthu zamagulu zimawonongeka pakakhala chinyezi chochuluka. |
Peel anyezi | Imapha mabakiteriya a mafangasi ndi ma virus. Sizimapweteka mizu. Muli zakudya zambiri. | Kulowetsedwa sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pakapita nthawi. Kutaya katundu wake. |
Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamtundu wakutchuka kwambiri. Amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zolima ziweto ndi magalimoto. Njira yosungira nyumbayo imakupatsirani chakudya chokomera chilengedwe komanso chopatsa thanzi.