Garlic ndi mbewu yathanzi kwambiri komanso yotchuka yomwe wamaluwa aliyense amakula. Njira yopezera zokolola zochuluka ndikubzala masika pamalo otseguka ndizosavuta, ndipo ngakhale woyamba angathane nazo, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo onse.
Malangizo okhudzana ndi kubzala azikhala ofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka ndi mitu ya zokometsera zomwe zimapezeka zimadalira.
Mothandizidwa ndi tsatane-tsatane malangizo, kubzala ndikukula mitu ya adyo mdziko muno sikungakhale kovuta kudera la Moscow, komanso ku Belarus ngakhale ku Transbaikalia.
Nthawi yoyenera yobzala adyo wamasika ndi yozizira
Garlic ingabzalidwe nthawi yophukira komanso masika. Nthawiyo idzadalira kuchokera pazosankhidwa zosiyanasiyana.
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amadziwa kuti mbewu yotere imatha kuimiridwa ndi mitundu yozizira kapena yamasika. Mitundu iwiriyi imasiyana mosiyana pakangodzala, komanso m'njira zina zambiri. Mutha kubzala ndi kuziika munthawi zosiyanasiyana, momwemonso zimafesa mbewu za mbande.
Kuti musiyanitse wina ndi mnzake, muyenera kudziwa zizindikilo zakunja kwa mtundu uliwonse:
- yozizira adyo amabzalidwa kugwa, ndi chokulirapo, maulemu amakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Pakati pali ndodo yolimba komanso yolimba, pomwe mano amapezeka;
- kasupe amayikidwa pamalo otseguka kumayambiriro kwa masika... Mitu yotereyi ndi yocheperako, khungu lawo ndi lofewa ndipo limafanana ndi zikopa. Mano ndi ochepa, makonzedwe awo ndi osokonezeka.
Zima adyo ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kusamalira, mitundu yotere imasungidwa kwa miyezi 3-4 yokha. Kasupe samakonda kwambiri, koma mutha kuyigwiritsa ntchito kufikira nthawi yokolola ina.
Madeti obzala adzadalira nyengo:
- Mukamabzala nthawi yophukira, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti pofika nthawi yoyamba chisanu kumayambiriro kwa dzinja, mano amakhala ndi nthawi yopanga mizu yamphamvu, izi zimatenga masabata 3-4 pafupifupi. Kutengera izi, ntchito yonse iyenera kuchitidwa mwezi umodzi chisanachitike chisanu, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa Seputembala-koyambirira kwa Okutobala;
- Kubzala masika kumachitika nthawi yachisanu chisanu chikasungunuka, ndipo dothi lamunda limafunda mpaka +6 madigiri. Kutengera ndi dera linalake, izi mwina Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Ubwino wadzinja ndi masika kubzala mitu
Mukamasankha nthawi yobzala adyo, muyenera kuganizira kuti sikuti ntchito zimangodalira izi, komanso Makhalidwe a zokololamomwe zidzatulukire komanso ngati kuli kofunika kumuika nthawi yotentha.
Zima adyo | Spring adyo |
Kukoma kwa adyo wamasika sikotsika kwambiri, ndipo mitu ndi ma clove ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu yozizira | Zima adyo amakhala ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono tosavuta musanaphike ndikukhala ndi zonunkhira zowala bwino |
Spring adyo imapsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zipatso zamtunduwu zimakhalabe zotsika | Zima adyo zimapsa mwezi umodzi koyambirira kwa adyo wamasika, kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mipesa yatsopano mchilimwe, kupatula apo, zokolola zamtunduwu ndizokwera kwambiri |
Spring adyo amatha kukhalabe watsopano mpaka miyezi 12 | Zima adyo zimangosungidwa kwa miyezi 3-4 |
Kubzala masika kumatsimikizira kuti mbande zimamera bwino komanso kukula kwa mbeu | Mukamabzala nthawi yophukira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo choyambika kwa chisanu kapena mvula yambiri, yomwe imatha kuwononga kubzala |
Mukamasamalira adyo wamasika, muyenera kusamalira madzi okwanira popanga mano. | Mitengo yachisanu imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi cha nthaka |
Masika mitundu ya adyo saopa matenda wamba ndi tizirombo | Mitundu yadzinja ndiyo yopanda chitetezo chamatenda osiyanasiyana. |
Kusankhidwa kwamasiku obzala ndi mtundu wa masamba omwe wakula kudzadalira cholinga chokula. Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala m'mabedi nyengo yachisanu ndi yachisanu zomera.
Kulima ukadaulo ndi mawonekedwe ofesa mbewu mdziko muno
Tsiku lililonse lobzala limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake okhudzana ndi ntchitoyo. Koma palinso malamulo wamba omwe ayenera kutsatidwa posatengera nthawi:
- Musanadzalemo zamasamba, muyenera sungani, ndiye kuti, kuchotsa mitu yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yodwala;
- Cholakwika chofala kwambiri chomwe wamaluwa ambiri amapanga ndikubzala mbewu m'nyengo yachisanu nthawi yachilimwe. Poterepa, mutha kupeza zokolola, koma sizikhala zokoma komanso zazikulu ngati kubzala kwa nthawi yophukira;
- Kuti mupeze zokolola zotsimikizika, muyenera kugula mitundu yazandidwa... Ndikofunikanso kuphunzira pasadakhale mawonekedwe onse, ukadaulo, momwe mungafese ndi zosowa;
- Kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu, muyenera kuchita kukonzanso kosiyanasiyanandiye kuti, m'malo mwa mano, mababu adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzala, komwe mano a mano amodzi amapsa m'nyengo yoyamba. Zokolola zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala chaka chamawa. Chifukwa cha ntchito yotere, adyo imapangidwanso;
- Pofuna kusonkhanitsa zokolola zabwino, masiku omalizira sayenera kuphonya. Mutha kuwazindikira ndi muvi womwe uyenera kuphulika. Mababu amayeneranso kupanga;
- Kuti mukolole zochuluka, nthenga za adyo ziyenera kutengedwa munthawi yake.
Lamulo lofunika kwambiri kutsatira mukamabzala adyo likhala nthawi yomalizira.
Pakugwa, sungabzale msanga mano kuti asaphukire nthawi isanakwane, nthawi yachilimwe sungachedwe kubzala, chifukwa pamenepo mitu imatha kukhala ndi nthawi yokhwima nyengo yozizira isanayambike.
Malamulo obzala adyo pamalo otseguka
Kuti kulima kumalize bwino, muyenera kugwira bwino ntchito yobzala. Ndikofunikanso kusamalira zokolola ndikuchita ntchito yofunikira munthawi yake.
Kukonzekera mmera ma clove
Kuti mupeze mphukira zabwino, zomwe zimabweretsa zokolola zabwino, muyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso sungani bwino zinthu zobzala:
- Mitu ya adyo wouma bwino imagawika chives, popanda kuwononga masikelo owuma;
- Kenako gwiritsani ntchito kuyerekezakusankha magawo akulu ndi athanzi;
- Asanabzala masika, ma clove amatha kulimbikitsa mizu, chifukwa chodzala wokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndikuyika mufiriji masiku angapo;
- Musanabzala mano pansi, ayenera kukhala okonzeka.
Pali njira zitatu zochitira izi:
- Magawowo amathiridwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 10-12;
- Pazinthu izi, mchere wa patebulo umayeneranso, womwe umasungunuka m'madzi (supuni 3 pa malita 5). Njirayi imachitika kwa mphindi zingapo;
- Njira ina ingakhale mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi chidwi.
- Njira yofunikira yomaliza idzakhala kupha tizilombo... Kuti muchite izi, mano amamizidwa mu yankho lamkuwa wa sulphate kwa mphindi 1-2 (supuni 1 pa malita 10 a madzi).
Potaziyamu permanganate solution, Fitosporin-M ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa ndizoyeneranso kuchiza ma antimicrobial. Poterepa, kukonza kudzatenga mphindi 30.
Kusankha malo ndikukonzekera nthaka
Garlic sichidziwika bwino posankha nthaka ndi malo obzala. Pokonzekera tsamba lanu, muyenera kukumbukira zokonda zonse pachikhalidwe ichi:
- munjira yabwino yomwe masamba amamera loamy ndi chernozem dothi lokhala ndi asidi osalowerera ndale;
- malo ayenera dzuwa ndi lotseguka;
- Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala adyo pomwe anyezi, mbatata ndi tomato zidamera kale. Zotsogola zofunika ndizo kabichi, nyemba, ma courgette ndi nkhaka.
Pakubzala kasupe, kukonzekera nthaka kumachitika kugwa, komanso kubzala nthawi yophukira mwezi umodzi ntchito isanakwane. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kukumba kwakukulu, kumasula, kuchotsa namsongole ndi miyala.
Pofuna kulinganiza nthaka, dothi ndi dothi lamchenga zimasungunuka ndi peat, ndi peaty loam.
Kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zambiri, musanabzala nthaka muyenera kulemeretsa... Manyowa otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita imodzi ya dothi:
- Chidebe chimodzi cha humus kapena manyowa owola;
- Chidebe chimodzi cha manyowa;
- 1 chikho ufa wa dolomite;
- Supuni 1 superphosphate;
- Supuni 1 ya nitrophosphate.
Gawo lomaliza lidzakhala kutsekemera kwa mbeu, pomwe mabedi amathiriridwa ndi sulphate yamkuwa kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Olima wamaluwa odziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kuphimba zitunda ndi zojambulazo mpaka ntchitoyo ithe.
Malangizo ndi sitepe ndi kuzama kuti mubzale
Zomera zimabzalidwa m'mizere, mtunda pakati pake uyenera kukhala wofanana Masentimita 20-25... Mtunda pakati pa mano amodzi umadalira kukula kwake, pafupifupi, chiwerengerochi ndi masentimita 10.
Mano amakula mosamalitsa ofukula... Masika, kutsetsereka kwake kudzakhala masentimita 5-6. M'dzinja, chiwerengerochi chikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa mpaka masentimita 10. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muteteze kubzala kuti kuzizira.
M'dzinja, mutangobzala mphasa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipaka ndi udzu kapena udzu wouma. Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, malo obisalapo amachotsedwa.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira adyo mutabzala kudzakhala kumasula ndi kuyeretsa panthawi yake namsongole... Komanso, musaiwale za kuthirira. Pakati pa nyengo yokula, chinyezi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka.
Kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka pang'ono pamene chipatso chimayamba kupanga, chifukwa chinyezi chochulukirapo, adyo amatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Mvula ikamagwa mvula, kuthirira kumayenera kuchepetsedwa. Kutulutsa chinyezi kumayimitsidwa kutatsala milungu iwiri kuti mukolole.
Kuphatikiza kuthirira, adyo amafunika kudyetsa pafupipafupi:
- Kamodzi masiku 10 aliwonse nthaka imathiriridwa ndi yankho la phosphorous ndi potashi feteleza;
- Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula komanso pambuyo pakupanga mutu, chomeracho chimakhala ndi feteleza wa mullein kapena ndowe za nkhuku. 1 kilogalamu ya feteleza imadzipukutidwa mu malita 10 a madzi ndipo imaphatikizidwa kwa masiku angapo. Pakutha kwa nayonso mphamvu, lita imodzi ya mavalidwe apamwamba amadzipukutira ndi malita 10 a madzi.
Kuti mutetezedwe ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, mankhwala opewera fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachitika mchaka.
Momwe mungasinthire adyo yobzalidwa nthawi yozizira isanathe
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pambuyo pobzala adyo, mapulani a nyakulima amasintha kwambiri ndipo mabedi amayenera kuikidwa m'malo atsopano. Magwero ambiri samalimbikitsa kuchita izi, chifukwa zitha kuwononga mizu yazomera ndikuwononga.
Koma ngati ntchito ndiyofunikira, ndiye kuti kubzala kumasamutsidwa pamodzi ndi chinsalu chachikulu chadothi... Poterepa, zotayika zimakhala zochepa, koma mulimonsemo, zokolola zochepa ziyenera kuyembekezeredwa.
Mutha kudzala adyo masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Njira zakukwaniritsa ntchito zizidalira zomwe mukufuna. Chinsinsi cha ntchito yopambana ndichotsatira malamulo onsewa.