Chilimwe chilichonse wokhalamo amalota zokongoletsa tsamba lake ndi maluwa owala, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, ma conifers, ma fern. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kuthekera kokolola zipatso zokoma pamalo okongola, amphamvu, olimba omwe amakhala ngati mpanda wobiriwira. Mwa iwo, tsopano mutha kuwona ribelaria (yoshta) - mwa anthu wamba amatchedwa wosakanizidwa wa ma currants ndi gooseberries, omwe tikambirana.
Kufotokozera kophatikiza kwa wakuda currant ndi jamu
Chomeracho sichingapezeke pakati pa nkhalango zakutchire, pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja, ndi malo ena achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Karelian golide currant, zitsamba zina. Zinapezeka chifukwa cha ntchito yovuta ya obeta ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zoyamba zopezera zipatso zosiyanasiyana za yoshta zidadziwika mu 1959 kuchokera ku ntchito za obereketsa aku Germany... Chifukwa chake dzinali, kuphatikiza tanthauzo la Chijeremani la mawu akuti currant, jamu.
Kuyesera kupeza mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe ulibe minga, monga jamu, kuti usagwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a matenda wamba a currant, kwachitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Njira ya njirayi ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu ntchito za Michurin. Koma ndi akatswiri okha ochokera ku Max Planck Institute of Germany, ogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakusakanikirana kwakutali, patatha zaka makumi anayi akugwira ntchito yolemetsa, adatha kuwoloka ma gooseberries ndi ma currants ndikupeza mitundu yoyamba ya yoshta yokhala ndi zipatso zosasunthika, zizindikiritso za chomera chatsopano. Nthawi yopanga zipatso zoyambirira imayamba mchaka chachiwiri cha chitukuko.... Zokolola zambiri ndizofanana pamitundu yambiri mchaka chachinayi chokula. Ku Russia, chisakanizo cha gooseberries ndi currants chinawonekera koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1980.
Shrub, yokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira onga tsamba la jamu, amafikira mita ziwiri kutalika. Alibe fungo lamphamvu la currant. Masamba amagwa kuchokera kuthengo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Zimayambira ndi zazitali, zopanda minga. Chiwerengero chapakati cha zimayambira ndi 12... Mizu imafika mpaka masentimita 50. Kukula kwa korona kumafika mamita awiri. Amamasula koyambirira ndi mitundu yachikaso yowala. Kuphatikiza pa kudzipukutira palokha, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala currant ndi jamu tchire pafupi. Masango obala zipatso ndi achidule, okongoletsedwa ndi zipatso zazikulu zakuda, zowala padzuwa, ndi utoto wofiirira. Chiyambi cha kufika kwa zipatso zoyamba chimapezeka mu Julayi.
Zipatsozi sizimapsa nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimafuna kukolola mosamala mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatalikitsa nthawi yothandiza.
Kutalika kwa moyo wokangalika wa chitsamba cha yoshta kuli zaka 30 pamalo osankhidwa obzala. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zatsopano zomwe zimamera kuchokera kumizu sichambiri. Chiwerengero chawo akhoza chinawonjezeka mwa hilling zonse. Ribelaria ali ndi chitetezo ku tizirombo tambiri, matenda omwe amakhala ngati mbewu za makolo... Mitundu ya Yoshta imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
Mitundu yotchuka ya Yoshta
Yohini
Yohini amatchedwa umodzi mwamitundu yoyamba yamtundu wosakanizidwa womwe wakhala ukuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsamba chachitali chikuwoneka ngati currant. Masamba alibe fungo la currant, samagwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Zosiyanasiyana zili ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri. Zokolola za pachitsamba chimodzi zimatha mpaka 10 kg... Izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizabwino pakati pa mitundu ina.
EMB
Chomera chachingerezi zosiyanasiyana. Tsamba lofalitsa. Amakula mpaka mita ziwiri kutalika. Mabulosiwa amakoma ngati gooseberries. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi mabulosi ataliatali osinthasintha.kufika miyezi iwiri.
Korona
Konzani zosiyanasiyana za Swiss Yoshta. The zipatso ang'ono, wandiweyani, wakuda, amatikumbutsa currants. Zosagwirizana mosiyanasiyana... Ubwino wake ndikupezeka kwakutali kwa zipatso zimayambira popanda kukhetsa.
Rext
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka ndi oweta zoweta ndi yolimbana kwambiri ndi nkhupakupa komanso chisanu choopsa. Zokolola za mabulosi ndizochepa. Akulimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri pakubzala m'malo ozizira ku Russia.
Zambiri
Chitsamba chotalika, chosatambalala chimapereka zipatso zabwino ngati zipatso... Chaka chilichonse, mitundu yatsopano yazomera imapezeka pamsika wa mmera, zomwe zimapangitsa kusankha kosiyanasiyana.
Mukamasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yoshta m'malo obzala, kumbukirani kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumagwera mbewu, zokoma, zokoma, komanso zochuluka zokolola.
Kufika
Chomeracho chimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, masika. Mulimonsemo, yoshta imayamba bwino, imakula mwachangu. Zomwe mukubzala ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yotukuka. Sikuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbande zouma zokhala ndi makungwa ouma, mizu youma youma... Idzakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sichidzapereka.
Musanabzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mizu kwa maola pafupifupi 2 mu yankho lokonzedwa bwino la nthaka yachonde, ndikuwayika bwino, kuwongolera. Atawatsitsa mu dzenje, amawongola bwino, amathirira madzi. Manyowa, humus, feteleza amchere amalowetsedwa mu dzenje lobzala. Kusiyanitsa kwa kubzala kuchokera ku currants ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa potaziyamu, yomwe imayambitsidwa musanadzalemo. Mndandanda wotsatira wa feteleza pa chomera chimodzi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino, omwe amafunikira nthawi yoyamba kukula: pafupifupi 5 kg ya zinthu zakuthupi, 40 g wa potaziyamu sulphate, 60 g wa superphosphate. Nthaka mu dzenje lobzala, mozungulira chomeracho imathiriridwa bwino. Mtunda wapakati pazomera wakonzekera kukhala pafupifupi mita 1.5. Pakati pa mizere imakulira mpaka 2 m.
Dzenje lodzala la yoshta liyenera kukhala lokulirapo kuposa ma currants, gooseberries. Kuchuluka kwa fetereza wogwiritsidwa ntchito pakubzala kumakulanso. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndikufunika kowonjezera malo odyetsera, omwe amatsimikizira zokolola zamtsogolo.
Kubereka ndi kusamalira
Mfundo yakukula shrub imasiyana pang'ono ndi njira zosamalira ma currants ndi barberries. Muyenera kudziwa izi Yoshta imafuna mulching yovomerezeka ya thunthu pansi pa korona... Izi zimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa chinyezi, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa tchire. Chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kwambiri.
Dothi lopangidwa ndi peat, humus, nthaka yachonde pansi pa chitsamba limathandizira kutuluka kwa mphukira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka.
Chitsamba sichifuna kudulira mwapadera, komwe kumagwira ntchito ngatiulimi wopangira korona. Ndikokwanira kuti tichite ngati gawo la kuyeretsa, kuchotsa zowuma zowuma.
Chomeracho chimamvera umuna, kuyambira masiku a kasupe monga mayankho ochokera ku manyowa a nkhuku, mullein.
Zodula
Oyenera kudula ndi mphukira zapachaka zomwe zimadulidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Akangotha kukolola, amamizidwa m'madzi kwa maola atatu. Kenako amawaika m'thumba, firiji mpaka masika abwera, akabzalidwa wowonjezera kutentha. Chomeracho chimasamutsidwa kumalo komwe kugwa. Kusinthasintha kwa njira yofalitsira ndi cuttings kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kochita izi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka.... Mwachitsanzo, mu kasupe, mu Ogasiti, mutha kudula nsonga zazitali zazitali zazitali pafupifupi masentimita 20. Dulani masamba am'munsi, osunga omwewo mutatha kufupikitsa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika. Pangani pang'ono pa impso iliyonse. Pansi pa kudula, pangani mabala angapo kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mizu. Mutatha kukonza phesi ndi chopatsa mphamvu, mubzalidwe moyenera mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa pulasitiki. Madzi ochuluka. Ngati ntchitoyi yachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, mmera wamphamvu umakhala wokonzeka kugwa.
Lignified cuttings odulidwa kuchokera zimayambira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. Payenera kukhala masamba asanu ndi limodzi mwamphamvu pazidutswa 20 cm... Anabzala mosavomerezeka, kusiya masamba awiri pamwamba panthaka. Bedi lokhala ndi zodulira nthawi zambiri limathiriridwa mokwanira kuti mizu yamphamvu imange mu nyengo imodzi yokha.
Zigawo
Kufalitsa kotereku kumatha kuchitika ndikuwongolera kopyapyala kwa zimayambira. Poyamba, mchaka, chitsamba chonse chakale chimadulidwa., zimatsalira mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 25. Ndikuthirira nthawi zonse, chisamaliro, ngati chitsamba chenicheni, mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka.
Njira yachiwiri ndiyosavuta komanso yosavuta. Pofuna kupanga mbewu zatsopano msanga, mwana wazaka ziwiri, mphukira zamphamvu pachaka zomwe zimamera kumunsi kwa chitsamba zimakanikizidwa pansi, zokutidwa ndi nthaka yachonde. Pamwamba pa nthambi palifupikitsidwa pang'ono. Mphukira zambiri zimamera kuchokera kumaluwa omwe ali pansi pa nthaka yachonde... Amakumbatilidwa kangapo munyengo, amadyetsedwa, amathiridwa, ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa. Mbande zamphamvu ndizokonzeka kubzala m'malo okhazikika kugwa, masika wotsatira.
Pogawa chitsamba
Njirayi ndi yothandiza kuchokera pakuwona mwachangu zinthu zobzala. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngati mukufuna kusamutsa mbewuyo kupita kwina, ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera tchire la yoshta. Pachifukwa ichi, tchire amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi. M'chaka, kugwa, chitsamba chimakumbidwa kwathunthu, kumasulidwa padziko lapansi, mizu yofooka. Ndi nkhwangwa, imagawidwa m'magawo omwe ali ndi mizu itatu yolimba, zingapo zimayambira ndi masamba abwino. Malo owonongeka aphimbidwa ndi malasha. Anabzala nthawi yomweyo kumalo okhazikika.
Njira iliyonse yoberekera imafunikira chisamaliro mosamalitsa, kuthirira kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, kudyetsa mapangidwe a mizu yamphamvu. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi chakukula msanga kwa tchire, kupanga zokolola zochuluka za yoshta.
Tumizani
Chifukwa chomveka chokhazikitsira chitsamba cha yoshta ndi izi:
- Chitsamba ndi chakale.
- Kusankha bwino maloMwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa, komwe kumachepetsa zokolola zapachaka.
- Kukula kwa Bushkusokoneza kubzala kwina, nyumba.
- Amphamvu nthaka yatha m'malo opitilira kukula.
Lamuloli, mndandanda wa njira za agrotechnical panthawi yoika michero ikufanana ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa za shrub. Nthaka yachonde, kukula kwa dzenje lobzala, kuwala kochuluka, kuthekera kothirira nthawi zonse, kuvala bwino kuyenera kusungidwa monga momwe mumadzala koyamba. Mosamala konzekerani chitsamba chobzalidwa kuti musamukire kumalo atsopano... Nthambi zakale zimachotsedwa, ana amafupikitsidwa. Mutachotsa mosamala pansi, ndibwino kuti mugawane tchire m'magawo ena, ndikubzala m'mayenje osiyana, osayiwala kudyetsa, kuthirira madzi kwambiri.
Kumadera akumpoto komwe kumakhala, ndi bwino kumuika mchaka mutatha kutentha kwabwino tsiku lililonse. Mukamabzala kugwa, ndikofunikira kuwona momwe tchire likukulira, kuti muziziziritsa m'nyengo yozizira.
Mapeto
Tsoka ilo, kulima kwamafuta a yoshta sikukuyenda bwino... Simungayese, onani zipatso zokongola nthawi zambiri. Kukula ukadaulo posachedwa kudzapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta komanso kokakamiza ngati ma currants.
Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso za yoshta ndizosungira mavitamini ndi zinthu zina zambiri zofunika pamisinkhu iliyonse. Ndipo ana amatha kukhala chete, osawopa kudziluma ndi minga, kutola zipatso zakupsa m'thengo m'miyezi yotentha.