Masiku ano obereketsa agulitsa mitundu yoposa 300 yamapeyala. Zonsezi ndizosiyana ndi kukoma kwa chipatso, kukula kwa mtengo ndi mawonekedwe apadera olima ndi chisamaliro.
Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za mitundu yosangalatsa komanso yokoma ya Krasulia peyala, tikambirane za malongosoledwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake akulu.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana Krasulia
Mitundu ya peyala ya Krasulia ndi yamtundu wa chilimwe, idapangidwa powoloka mitundu ya Black ndi Little Joy. EA Flankeberg adagwira ntchito yatsopanoyi ku South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture ndi Kukula kwa Mbatata. Masiku ano mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala ya Krasulia imabzalidwa m'mafakitale komanso m'nyumba zazilimwe.
Kutalika kwapakati pamtengoko kumafika kuposa 4-5 m.Nthambizo zikufalikira, zimayang'ana mmwamba, zomwe zimalola kuti dzuwa lilowe kumunsi kwa mtengo. Korona ndi wofiirira, chimodzi mwazinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuti pali minga yaying'ono pamtengo wamtengo yomwe imapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kukolola.
Mbiyayo ndi yoboola pakati. Mbale yamasamba ndiyotakata, yolimba, yokutidwa ndi malekezero owongoka. Masamba achichepere amakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, nthawi yachilimwe amasintha mtundu kukhala wamtundu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mitsempha yachikasu. Mitunduyi imamasula pakati pa Meyi, ndi inflorescence yayikulu, yoyera, ndi fungo labwino.
Zipatso za peyala ndizochepa kukula kwake komanso kulemera kwake, pafupifupi, kulemera kwa peyala sikupitilira 90 g.Zipatso zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mtundu wokongola, panthawi yakucha, peyala imapeza mithunzi yobiriwira yobiriwira. M'nyengo yotentha, zipatso zimasintha malankhulidwe kukhala obiriwira achikasu. Ndipo mbali ya peyala, yomwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kunagwa, kumasintha kukhala kofiira-lalanje kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Chipatso chake ndi chowulungika mofanana ndi khangaza.
Anthu ambiri adakondana ndi mitundu ya Krasulya chifukwa chakumva kwake, peyala ili ndi khungu lopyapyala, lokhathamira, lokola madzi. Komanso, zosiyanasiyana ndi okoma, ali ndi fungo lokoma. Zipatso zimapsa pakati pa Ogasiti, zimakhala pamtengowo osapitilira milungu iwiri, kenako zimakhala zofewa ndikugwa. Zipatso zodulidwa zimasungidwanso kwakanthawi kochepa, pafupifupi milungu iwiri yotseguka, osapitilira milungu itatu mufiriji. Kuphatikiza apo Mitundu ya peyala ya Krasulia siyikufuna kusungidwa nthawi yozizira.
Zokolola zamtunduwu ndizokwera, zipatso zimayamba kale mchaka chachisanu, pafupifupi, zokolola zopitilira 40 kg zitha kukololedwa kumtengo wachikulire nthawi yachilimwe mosamala. Nthawi zambiri, kuti nthambi zisasweke chifukwa cha kulemera kwa chipatsocho, "Krasuli" imafunikira ma props apadera omwe angathandizire nthambi zake.
Ndizosangalatsa kupanga thumba losunga mazira pa peyala, Krasulia amatanthauza mtundu wosakanikirana wa zipatso, chifukwa chake, thumba losunga mazira pamtundu wake limapangidwa osati pazipatso zazifupi zazipatso, koma pakukula kwa chaka chatha, ndizosangalatsa komanso zachilendo peyala zosiyanasiyana.
Chimodzi mbali ya mitundu iyi ndikulimbana kwake ndi chisanu. Krasulia imapirira mosavuta nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira, yozizira komanso nyengo yoipa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ubwino wa mtundu uwu ndi:
- nyengo yozizira yolimba yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (Krasulia imalekerera nyengo yozizira);
- kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- Kukhazikika kwa mtengo, ngakhale nthambi zikufalikira, Krasulia satenga malo ambiri m'munda;
- zokolola zambiri (mtengo wachikulire umabala zipatso chaka chilichonse);
- zipatso zimapsa msanga nthawi yachilimwe.
Zachidziwikire, pali zovuta zina zamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Kukula kwa zipatso zazing'ono (kulemera 1 peyala sikupitilira magalamu zana);
- M'nyengo yotentha, peyala amasintha kukoma kwake, amakhala tart osakhala okoma;
- Zipatso sizisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali (sabata limodzi lopanda firiji ndi milungu iwiri kuzizira), sizingasungidwe mpaka nthawi yozizira.
Kusankha mbande
Zokolola zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimadalira mtundu wa mbande. Posankha nyama zazing'ono, choyambirira, muyenera kumvetsera mizu ya mtengo. Sayenera kukhala ndi mbali zowola, mizu yokhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda. Ndikofunika kuti muzu wa mtengowo uume, wonyezimira.
Mukamagula, yang'anani mmera womwe umagulitsidwa.
Posankha peyala mmera, m'pofunika kuyendera nthambi, siziyenera kuthyoledwa kapena kuwonongeka. Mutha kugula mtengo kumayambiriro kwamasika ndi nthawi yophukira.
Kusankha malo obwera
Pakukula kwa mmera, ndikofunikanso kusankha malo oyenera kubzala. Mitundu ya Krasulia imakonda kukula padzuwa, pomwe pamakhala kuwala kambiri masana. Koma chifukwa cha nthambi zake zomwe zimafalikira, peyala "sakonda" kuyandikira pafupi ndi mitengo ina, imakonda kukula padera, pambali. Izi sizoyenera kubzala pansi pamitengo yayikulu, sapereka kuwala kokwanira kwa peyala kuti ikule.
Ndikofunika kubzala peyala m'malo otseguka, pomwe pali dzuwa ndi malo ambiri.
Nthaka
Ponena za nthaka, mtundu wa "Krasul" sakhala wopanda pake ndipo umazika mizu panthaka iliyonse, dongo, mchenga. Komabe, simuyenera kubzala mbande m'madambo omwe pansi pake pamakhala pafupi.
Chifukwa chinyezi chochuluka m'nthaka, Mizu ya peyala imatha kuvunda chomeracho chimachepa kukula, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimagwa msanga. Nthaka iliyonse ndi yoyenera kubzala, nthaka yakuda, mchenga kapena dongo pang'ono.
Nthawi yokwera
Peyala ya Krasulia imatha kubzalidwa mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Mu April, ndi bwino kubzala mtengo pakati pa mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene chisanu chikudutsa ndipo nthaka imatenthedwa ndi dzuwa.
Ngati kubzala kumachitika nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nthawi yobzala mmera chisanayambike chisanu choyamba, makamaka mwezi umodzi chisanadze nyengo yozizira. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka koyambirira kwa Novembala... Nyengo yozizira isanafike, mtengowo udzakhala ndi mwayi wokhazikika muzu watsopano ndikupulumuka nthawi yozizira yoyamba.
Kufikira ukadaulo
Kubzala peyala ya Krasul sivuta, zosiyanasiyana zimakhazikika msanga, sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera.
- Kubzala mapeyala kuyenera kuyambitsidwa pokonzekera dzenje. Kukula kwake kumadalira mizu ya mmera, ikakulirakulira, kukulira ndikuzama kwambiri dzenje lidzafunika. Musanadzalemo, muyeneranso kuyendera mizu ya mtengo, ngati itapindika, imatha kufupikitsidwa kapena kudulidwa, koma osati yochulukirapo.
Musanabzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsitsa mizu ya peyala mu chidebe cha potaziyamu permanganate solution. Izi sizingowonjezera mizu, komanso kupulumutsa mtengo ku matenda ambiri.
- Komanso ikani utuchi pansi pa dzenje, miyala yaying'ono, humus. Nthaka iyeneranso kukhala yotayirira, yonyowa, yopanda mabala ndi mizu ya zomera zina.
- Pambuyo pa ngalandeyi, muyenera kutero kuthira chidebe chamadzi ndipo dikirani mpaka dziko lapansi litenge chinyezi ndikukhazikika.
- Kenako nndipo pansi pake pamakhala mizu yoyala bwino, mtengo uyenera kuimirira mosasunthika. Mizu imakutidwa ndi nthaka, pambuyo pake peyala iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi ndowa 2-3 zamadzi.
- Mutabzala, nthaka yoyandikana ndi mtengo iyenera kukhala yolumikizidwa bwino.kotero imasunga chinyezi nthawi yayitali. Kutsirira kwotsatira kwa mtengo kudzafunika tsiku limodzi, 1-2 ndowa zamadzi zidzakhala zokwanira.
Mwambiri, peyala ya Krasulia imazika mizu m'malo atsopano, makamaka ngati mmera uli wathanzi. Ndi kubzala koyenera, peyala imayamba mizu pakatha milungu ingapo, kapena ngakhale kale. Ndipo masamba oyamba mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake ndi chizindikiro chotsimikiza kuti mmera udayamba mizu ndikuyamba kukula. Tsopano, chisamaliro choyenera chokha ndi chomwe chingathandize kukolola mapaundi a mbewu.
Chisamaliro cha peyala Krasulia
Kuthirira
Peyala Krasulia amakonda chinyezi, koma monga mbewu zambiri, ndikofunikira kuti zisasefuke. Zidebe 2-3 zamadzi kamodzi pa sabata zidzamukwanira. Mizu yake yanthambi imatha "kuchotsa" chinyezi. Muyenera kuwonjezera kuthirira m'milandu iwiri:
- - nyengo yotentha kwambiri;
- nthawi yakubala zipatso.
Mbande zazing'ono zimafunikira chinyezi chochuluka, koma ngakhale pano pakufunika muyeso.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji mitengo yothirira mtengo? Zidebe 2-3 zamadzi chaka chilichonse chokula.
Nthaka yonyowa kwambiri imawopseza chitukuko cha matenda ambiri a mizu, mizu ya mtengo imatha kuvunda.
Zovala zapamwamba
Nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu mtengo umatha kudzipezera zofunikira ndi mavitamini... Koma amafunikiranso mavitamini kuti akule, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri, kutengera mawonekedwe amtengo womwewo. Ngati idayamba kubala zipatso koyambirira, ndiye kuti imafunikira feteleza. Koma, ngati imangopanga mphukira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwonjezeranso feteleza.
Chaka chilichonse, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pansi pa peyala kumayambiriro kwa masika, amatha kukhala feteleza, osakaniza ammonium nitrate ndi urea, superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate, kapena phulusa wamba. Manyowa a nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa, amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono.
Momwe mungadziwire ngati peyala imafuna feteleza kapena ayi? Ndiosavuta kwambiri - ngati mbewa, lunguzi, quinoa zimera mozungulira mtengowo, ndiye kuti m'nthaka muli michere yokwanira kuti mtengo ukule.
Kukonza ndi kusanja korona
Sizachilendo kuona kuti mtengowo umayamba kugwera mbali yake. Kuti muwoneke bwino, m'pofunika kuchotsa nthaka pamwamba popanda kuwononga mizu. Kenako mtengo umayendetsedwera kuchokera mbali yina yatsetsereka ndipo chimango cha mtengo umamangiriridwa pamenepo. Kuyika mtengo sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kubzala, chifukwa chake kumafunikira chisamaliro chabwino mutakhazikika.
Zosiyanasiyana zimafuna kudulira pachaka. Izi ndizofunikira kuti kukula kwachinyamata kusatseke nthambi zobala zipatso. Mu April, ndi bwino kudulira peyala masamba asanatsegulidwe. Nthambi zosweka zowonongedwa ndi matenda ndi kukula kwachichepere zimadulidwa.
Kudulira kumatha kuchitika kumapeto ndi kugwa.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Zosiyanasiyana zimapilira matenda osiyanasiyana mosalekeza, tizirombo siziwopa, koma nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi zovuta zina, mwachitsanzo, powdery mildew. Matendawa amawononga masamba amtengowo, mbale zamasamba zimasanduka zofiirira, zopiringa, kugwa, ndipo mtengo umachedweranso.
Kawirikawiri masamba achichepere ndi mphukira zimatha kutenga matendawa. Koma inflorescence imawonongeka, imaphimbidwa ndi pachimake choyera, imawuma ndipo siyimapereka mazira.
Matendawa amatha kuwononga zokolola zoposa 70% ndikuwononga mtengo. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la colloidal sulfure (mankhwala awiri ndi nthawi yayitali yamasabata awiri). Ndikofunikanso kudula nthambi zonse zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka kugwa.
Zipatso zowola nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Krasuli nthawi yamvula. Matendawa amakhudza osati masamba okha, komanso zipatso. Poyamba, amawonekera mawanga ang'onoang'ono ofiira, mtengowo umakhala wofewa, wonyezimira ndipo zipatso zotere sizoyenera kudya. Mapeyala odwala ayenera kuchotsedwa panthambi komanso patsamba lino, komanso kuti muteteze, muyenera kupopera mtengowo ndi yankho la urea kapena madzi a burgundy.
Dzimbiri - chifukwa cha kukula kwa matendawa ndi bowa wochepa kwambiri. Amaphimba masamba a peyala, amasintha ndi kuderako. Matendawa amafalikira osati masamba okha, komanso makungwa amtengo.
Dzimbiri limafalikira makamaka ngati mlombwa umakula m'munda.
Pofuna kupewa, m'pofunika kupopera mtengo ndi phulusa ndi sopo, kumapeto kwa nyengo, isanakwane. M'dzinja, m'pofunika kupopera mtengowo ndi madzi amvi kapena burgundy.
Cytosporosis kapena tsinde lawola limakhudza makungwa a mtengo mosasamala zaka zake. Kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa, chilala kapena chisanu chachikulu zimathandizira kukulitsa matendawa. Matendawa amadziwonetsera pamtengo wamtengo, womwe makungwa ake amakhala ndi utoto wakuda, pang'onopang'ono umauma ndikufa.
Ngati matendawa ayamba kufalikira, ndiye kuti ndi mpeni wakuthwa muyenera kudula madera omwe akhudzidwa, muwachitire ndi sulphate yamkuwa. Koma pofuna kupewa matenda, ndi bwino kuyeretsa thunthu lamtengo kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Koma si matenda okha omwe amachepetsa kukula kwa mtengo, komanso tizirombo, mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba zobiriwira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamwa madzi onse m'masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, nsabwe zobiriwira zimatulutsa ntchofu, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa bowa wa sooty.... Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, m'pofunika kupopera mtengo mobwerezabwereza. Nthawi yoyamba masamba asanatseguke masika, nthawi yachiwiri maluwa asanayambe maluwa ndipo kachitatu zipatso zisanapangidwe. Mankhwala ogulidwa monga Kinmix kapena Iskra adzachita.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, mwachitsanzo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la chamomile ndi adyo, kapena sopo wochapira.
Peyala njenjete - kapena gulugufe yemwe amaikira mazira pamapepala. M'nyengo yotentha, mbozi imatuluka kuchokera kwa iwo, ndikudya zipatso. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakonda kwambiri kukhala ndi mitengo ya peyala. Mutha kulimbana ndi gulugufe mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala "Kinmix" kapena "Agravertin".
Ndikofunika kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala kawiri pachaka, masamba asanaphulike komanso peyala lisanatuluke.
Mapeyala - tizilombo tina ta peyala omwe amakhala mu khungwa la mtengo ndi mamba a masamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatsegulidwa masika, timayamwa timadziti m'masamba achichepere, kenako timapunduka. Mtengo umasiya kukula, nthambi zimatenga mawonekedwe odabwitsa, zipatso sizonyadira kudya. Mutha kulimbana ndi peyala mite mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la colloidal sulfure.
Kotero kuti pali tizirombo tochepa pa peyala, mtengowo sukupweteka, kusamalira bwino peyala, kudulira panthawi yake ndikudyetsa ndikofunikira.
Olima minda ambiri adakonda Krasulia Pear zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri, chifukwa zipatso zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri zimatha kuchotsedwa pamtengo umodzi nyengo iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, peyala yamitunduyi ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, zipatso zokoma, ndi fungo lokoma. Mtengo ndiwodzichepetsa komanso wosamalidwa, sufuna chisamaliro chochuluka, koma umangosangalatsa wamaluwa ndi zipatso zake zokongola komanso zokoma.