Mukamakonza chiwembu, gawo lapadera, lowala bwino ndi dzuwa, limapatsidwa mundawo. Eni ake akukumana ndi ntchito yovuta - kusankha mitundu yomwe ilipo muukadaulo waulimi ndipo ili ndi kukoma kosaneneka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa, yothyoledwa kuti athe kuzindikira m'magulu osiyana. Tidzakambirana za mayina, ndikuuzeni kuti ndi ndani komanso zomwe ali nazo.
Mayina a mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa
Kulima mitundu yoyambirira ya mphesa kumapindulitsa pachuma. Kuphatikiza apo, kusasitsa mwamphamvu kumachepetsa chiopsezo chowonongeka tchire ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kapena tizilombo. Nyengo yokula imatha masiku pafupifupi 95-115... Magulu amtengo wapatali kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo komanso kuwonetsera, popeza kuwola ndikosowa kwambiri.
Ma Veles
Veles ali ndi zipatso zokongola za pinki mpaka 2 kg, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 3 kg. Mphesa imatulutsa kununkhira kwa nutmeg.
Zitsambazi ndizitali kwambiri. Chomeracho chimalekerera chisanu mpaka 21 °. Veles ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi matenda ndipo amawerengedwa pamwambapa.
Adler
Mphesa zoyera, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti muzisunga bwino mwezi umodzi mutatha kucha osataya kukoma ndi fungo. Magulu ozungulira amalemera mpaka magalamu 550-700 pafupifupi. Zitsambazo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndi mpesa wolimba.
Chomeracho chimatsutsana ndi matenda amphesa, kukana chisanu mpaka 24 °.
Jupiter
Jupiter ili ndi masango ozungulira osasunthika. Zipatso zofiira kapena zofiirira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 4-6, kununkhira kokometsetsa. Mpesa ndi waukulu kwambiri, kulimbana ndi matendawa ndikwabwino. Mphesa zimapirira kutentha pang'ono mpaka 27 °.
Vinyo wamtundu wanji
Mitundu yamphesa (vinyo) wa mphesa nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi tchire lamphamvu, timagulu tating'onoting'ono kapena tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi unyinji, komanso zipatso zochepa. Komabe, kukoma kwa zipatso kumasiyanitsidwa ndi zolemba zingapo komanso fungo losangalatsa.
Mbali ya chipatsocho ndi madzi okwanira komanso shuga ndi asidi wokwanira.
Muscat
Muscat imakhala ndi nthawi yakukhwima pakati ndi nyengo yokukula ya masiku 125-140. Mtundu wa zipatsozi ndi wachikasu wonyezimira. Burashi imaphimba mpaka 150 gr., Koma pali zitsanzo mpaka 450 gr.
Zipatso zake ndi zotsekemera kwambiri, zowutsa mudyo ndi khungu losakanikirana. Zokolola zimadalira nyengo, kuyambira 60 mpaka 100 centner / ha. Chikhalidwe sichimalimbana ndimatenda amphesa, makamaka chifukwa chinyezi kapena mvula yayitali.
Chardonnay
Mphesa zimakhala za nthawi yakucha, nyengo yokula imatha masiku 135-140. Burashi amakhala ndi cylindrical-conical mawonekedwe, looseness ndi sing'anga osalimba, kulemera sachedwa kufika 100 magalamu. Mabulosiwo ndi obiriwira wobiriwira ndi khungu lachikasu, khungu ndi lochepa, kukoma kumakhala kokoma ndi fungo lokoma... Chardonnay imakula bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka, koma zotsatira zabwino zimadziwika pa dothi lamiyala ndi miyala yamiyala. Kukaniza kwa fungal ndikotsika.
Sauvignon
Sauvignon ndi mphesa zaluso zaku France zomwe zimakula masiku 130-135. Tchire limakula kwambiri, lili ndi masamba ambiri. Gulu lama cylindrical ndilolimba kwambiri, lolemera magalamu 75-120.
Zipatso zamtunduwu ndizobiriwira zachikasu, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa zimapeza utoto wachikaso pang'ono. Ololera pakhungu, koma ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi powdery mildew ndi imvi zowola. Nthaka ikadzadza madzi, chomeracho chimataya inflorescence yake.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yozizira kwambiri
Mphesa m'gulu lino zimakhala ndi kukula kwa mpesa. Oimira ambiri omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi amtundu waukadaulo, koma zipatsozo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuzipangizo zatsopano. Chodziwika bwino cha kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity ndi pang'ono astringency. Ana ena obereketsa amatha kupirira chisanu cha madigiri makumi anayi opanda pogona.
Zala zazimayi
Zala za amayi ndi mphesa zapamwamba kwambiri. Nyengo yokula imatenga masiku 150-155, mipesa imapangidwa mwamphamvu. Masango ang'onoang'ono azing'ono zazikulu ndi zipatso zobiriwira zachikasu zazitali, kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 600-900.
Zamkatazo zimaphatikiza shuga komanso kutsitsimula kotsitsimutsa. Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe: kufooka kukana matenda ndi tizirombo, kusintha kwakutali ku fruiting mu mbande (masango amapangidwa kokha mchaka chachisanu mutabzala).
Aleshenkin
Zipatso zimakhwima molawirira (masiku 120 mutapanga mphukira). Magulu akulu, ndimalemera pafupifupi 1-2.7 kg. Mabulosi ovulaza ali ndi mtundu wa amber, wokoma kwambiri komanso wowutsa mudyo. Mbali ya mitundu ya Aleshenkin ndi kusapezeka kwa mbewu mu theka la zipatso zakucha. Mpesa umakula mwamphamvu, manja a mphesa amabala zipatso kwa zaka 6-7.
Lidiya
Nthawi yakucha ya zipatso za lidia imagwa koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Zamkati za zipatso ndi zonunkhira, zowutsa mudyo kwambiri. Magulu okhwima ali ndi mtundu wapinki. Burashi ndiyotayirira, koma imafikira kukula kwakukulu, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 120-250. Chomeracho chili ndi chitetezo champhamvu, chomwe chimawonetsedwa kuti chimatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda wamba.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri
Mphesa zokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu zimafuna kusamala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi kuti tipewe zipatsozo kuti zisang'ambe. Odziwika kwambiri m'gululi ndi mitundu yotsatirayi.
Kusintha
Mphesa zamphesa zimasinthidwa ndi nyengo yakucha ya masiku 110-125. Kulemera kwake kwa burashi wosakhazikika ndi 1.5 makilogalamu, koma zitsanzo zina zimalemera 2.8 kg.
Chitsamba chachitali chokhala ndi mizu yolimba ndi mipesa. Zipatso zimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zokhathamira-pinki.
Madzi a chipatsocho amakhala ndi shuga wokwanira, koma kukoma sikumvekedwa mukamadya zipatso chifukwa cha acidity pang'ono. Kukonzekera - pafupifupi makilogalamu 20 pachitsamba chilichonse.
Kakombo wa m'chigwa
Nthawi yakucha kwa kakombo wa chigwa ndi masiku 125-135. Unyinji wa dzanja ukufika 1.5 makilogalamu. Zipatsozo ndizotentha kwambiri. Chomera chimatha kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, kukana chisanu mpaka 21 °, kusungira mbewu kwanthawi yayitali.
Zaka zana
Mitundu ya Kishmish ndi yazaka zana limodzi yokhala ndi nthawi yakupsa kwamasiku 125-135. Maguluwo ndi ofanana, zipatso zake ndizobiriwira zachikasu, kulemera kwake kwa burashi ndi magalamu 800-1300. Makhalidwe azikhalidwe: kulawa kokoma pang'ono ndi zonunkhira pang'ono, zokolola zambiri, kukana chisanu mpaka 23 ° komanso kukana matenda.
Jupiter
Kishmishovy zosiyanasiyana zapakatikati kucha koyambirira. Kulemera kwake kwa burashi ndi magalamu 250, zipatsozo ndizokulirapo (mpaka magalamu 6), zofiira kapena zofiirira. Chodziwika bwino cha kusiyanasiyana ndikulimbana ndi chitetezo champhamvu komanso nthawi yayitali.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yakuda
Zipatso zakuda zimakhala ndi chitsulo, selenium ndi zinc wambiri, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Omasulira amakono amakhala nthawi yayitali akupanga mitundu yatsopano yamtundu wamdima yomwe imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda komanso nyengo yovuta.
Codryanka
Chikhalidwe cha Codryanka chimapsa msanga, chimadziwika kuti chimatha kugulika komanso kulawa, ndipo chimadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri mphesa zakuda. Komabe, chomeracho chimafuna chisamaliro chosamalitsa, apo ayi zipatsozo zimayamba kuchepa. Komanso, kuipa kwake ndi kusatetezeka kwa mavu, omwe amawononga kuwonetsa chipatso.
Kishmish Moldavis
Mphukira yaying'ono imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachitatu. Zitsambazo ndi zapakatikati ndi masango akuluakulu, mpaka kufika magalamu 190-250. Nyengo yokula imatenga masiku 150-160. Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana: zokolola zambiri, shuga wambiri, moyo wautali wautali.
Chisangalalo ndi chakuda
Magulu akuluakulu kwambiri okhala ndi mphesa zozungulira amakongoletsa chitsamba cholimba. Nyengo yokula ya mbewu ndi masiku 115-125. Mitunduyi imagonjetsedwa ndi mildew ndi powdery mildew, koma imakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu imvi. Imapirira chisanu mpaka 25 °.
Masewera
Wosakanizidwa adapezeka chifukwa chodutsa Codryanka ndi Chithumwa - zokonda zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Magulu ali ndi magawo ophatikizika, makulidwe apakatikati. Mitengoyi imadziwika ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri komwe kumagwirizana ndi shuga komanso acidity. Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda komanso tizirombo.
Kuban
Magulu apamwamba okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu zofiirira zakuda zimabweretsa chisangalalo chenicheni. Mphesa zimakhala ndi matenda ochepa ndipo zimafuna pogona m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yobiriwira
Mitundu yamphesa yopepuka ndi thermophilic. Zipatso zimakhala ndi michere yocheperako kuposa zipatso zowoneka bwino (kupatula ma antioxidants). Chifukwa chothandiza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito konsekonse, alimi ambiri amafuna kupeza mdulidwe wa gululi. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi izi:
- Chardonnay;
- Muscat Woyera;
- Kuwombera;
- Aligote.
Mitundu yama tebulo yotchuka:
- Zala zazimayi;
- Shasloy woyera;
- Kishmish ndi chowulungika.
Mitundu yopindulitsa kwambiri
Mitundu yama tebulo ndi mitundu yamphesa yobala zipatso. Chitsambacho chimakhala ndi 70% ya mphukira zobala zipatso, ndipo masamba omwe amasinthidwa amakhala opatsa zipatso. Zomera za m'gululi sizolimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu, koma zimalolera kutentha moperewera.
Matyash Janos
Kupsa ukadaulo kumachitika pakatha masiku 135. Mitunduyo ndi yaying'ono kukula, yolemera magalamu 160-250. Mabulosi akuda amtundu wa buluu amaphatikiza shuga ndi acidity. Chomeracho chimatha kutuluka ndi cinoni ndi imvi zowola, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mphutsi, motero, kupewa kumafunika.
Khalili wakuda
Mphesa zakuda zoyambirira (masiku 105-115). Pali kukula kwamphamvu kwa tchire komanso kukula kwambiri kwa mpesa. Gulu lokhazikika limalemera magalamu 350-500. Mabulosi ovunda pagulu limodzi amatsatirana mwamphamvu. Chikhalidwe chimayambika ndi cinoni ndi oidium, chimalekerera chisanu, chofuna malo ogona apadera.
Kadinala
Kadinala chomera ndi kucha koyambirira kwapakatikati. Mabulosiwa ndi obiriwira buluu komanso wamkulu kukula. Unyinji wa burashi ukufika magalamu 360-580. Kutheka kwa mbeu kumadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri, koma sizakhazikika, popeza nyengo ndi masoka anyengo amakhudza kwambiri nyengo yokula. Palinso kulimbana kofooka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.
M'nyengo yozizira, chitsamba chiyenera kuphimbidwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamtundu uliwonse imakupatsani mwayi wosankha chomeracho chomwe chimasinthidwa mwanjira zina nyengo. Ndipo kukoma kwa omwe akuyimira magulu awo kudzakwaniritsa zosowa za aliyense wabwino.