Kukula ndi kutola nkhaka ndi ntchito yomwe imafunikira chidziwitso ndi maluso ena, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pali njira ziwiri zobzala masamba awa: wosasamala - Mbeu zophuka zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pamalo okhazikika; mmera - mbewu zimakula msanga m'makontena osiyana.
Njira yoyamba ndiyabwino, siyopweteketsa mbande zosakhwima, koma m'malo anyengo komwe chisanu chimakhala chotheka kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, njira yachiwiri ndiyo njira yokhayo yokolola koyambirira.
Kodi kutola nkhaka ndi chiyani
Mbeu za mmera nthawi zambiri zimafesedwa muzidebe zazing'ono. Pamene mizu ikukula, mmera umayamba kuchepa ndipo umafunika kumuika.
Kutola ndi njira yodzala mbewu yaying'ono kuchokera pachidebe chaching'ono kupita chachikulu.
Olima minda yamaluwa ndi wamaluwa sanagwirizanepo ngati kumuika ndikofunika kapena kovulaza. Ena amati njirayi akuvulaza kwambiri mizu ndipo amaletsa kukula kwa mphukira. Ena - ndi mtundu wanji wogwedeza Zelentsy. Zimathandizira kuwonekera kwa mizu yowonjezera ndipo zimapangitsa ziphukazo kukhala zamphamvu, zamphamvu, zolimba.
Ngakhale malingaliro aliwonse osamveka bwino, nthawi zina kuziika nthawi zina kumakhala kofunikira.
Chifukwa kumiza nkhaka
Nkhaka ndi zomera zosakhwima ndipo kusokonekera kulikonse pakukula kwachilengedwe kumatha kukhudza chitukuko. choncho Ndibwino kuti muzibzala mwachindunji pansi kapena mbale, pomwe simusowa kumuika.
Kupatula pamilandu yotsatirayi:
- Kukula kosakwanira kwa chidebe. Ngati chotengera chomwe mbewuzo zimakula sichikulirakulira, mphukira imatha kumva kupweteka, kupweteka, komanso kuduma. Muli chidebe chachikulu kwambiri, mizu imatha kuvunda, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera madzi othirira. Sipadzakhala malo okwanira chomera chaching'ono ndipo chidzaleka kukula bwino, chimatha kutambasula, kutembenukira chikaso. Izi zimaphatikizaponso momwe mbewu zambiri zimabzalidwa m'bokosi limodzi. Popita nthawi, imakhala yopapatiza kwa iwo ndipo amafunika kuwakhazika. Mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri ziyenera kusankhidwa.
- Kusowa kwa dzuwa. Zimachitika kuti nthawi yakwana yobzala mbande pansi, koma nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula, izi sizingachitike. Amayamba kutambasula mwamphamvu. Poterepa, ndizomveka kusankha, kwinaku mukukulitsa gawo lakumapeto kwa mphukira. Njirayi imachedwetsa kukula pang'ono, ndipo mizu yowonjezera imera pa tsinde lomwe lili mobisa, lomwe lidzakupatseni zakudya zabwino mtsogolo.
- Kuwerengetsa kolakwika kwa nthawi yobzala mbande pansi. Kapena nyengo yoipa. Mbande zingabzalidwe panthaka patatha masiku 30 kumera. Kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala osachepera madigiri 16. Kupanda kutero, mphukira zazing'ono zimazika mizu kwanthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zake, mbewuzo zidzaima ndipo zokolola zidzawoneka mochedwa kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Ngati njesazo zabzalidwa kale kuposa momwe zimafunira, mutha kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphukira ndikusankha.
- Matenda opatsirana kapena fungal. Zikawonekera, muyenera kuyika ma zelents nthawi yomweyo, m'malo mwake. Kupanda kutero, pamakhala kutaya kwathunthu kwa mbeu yonse.
Mulimonsemo, njirayi ndiyofunikira. Koma ngati n'kotheka, musati muwonetse mphukira zazing'ono kuti zisokonezenso.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Nkhaka zamadzi zimakhala ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa, kotero musanadzalemo mbewu, ndikofunikira kulingalira za mitundu yonse ya mbande zokula.
Phindu:
- Njirayi imathandizira kusankha mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zotheka kwambiri... M'tsogolomu, adzakolola zambiri.
- Sungani malo... Mbeu zambiri zimabzalidwa m'bokosi limodzi kenako amasankha mbande zabwino. Ofooka amatayidwa.
- Pambuyo pobzala mbewu yaying'ono, michere yonse imalandiridwa ndi iye yekha. Kuphatikiza ndi chidebe chokwanira kukula ndi nthaka yabwino, izi zimathandizira kukula ndi chitukuko.
- Kusankhaku kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imalola amadyera kuti atenge michere yayikulu pansi.
Kusankha kumatha kukhala kovulaza kawiri:
- Kuika mbande zofooka poyamba, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwa mphukira zambiri.
- Kuphwanya ukadaulo.
Mizu yofooka ya nkhaka ndiye gawo lawo lalikulu. Kutola sikumapereka zotsatira zoyenera ndipo mphukira zimatsalira m'mbuyo pakukula kapena kufa.
Ndicho chifukwa chake wamaluwa amayesa kuchita popanda njirayi ndikubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo pamalo okhazikika kapena kumera mbande mu chidebe, chomwe chimakwanira kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono popanda kuziika.
Oyenera chifukwa chaichi bwino peat makapu... Zomera sizifunikira kutulutsidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo zimabzalidwa pansi. Mothandizidwa ndi chinyezi, amatha ndipo azikhala feteleza wowonjezera.
Nthawi yoti mukhale pansi
Kuti ziphukazo zisamawonongeke pang'ono pakamira, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yomwe zingachitike. Kusintha kumachitika nthawi yotsegula masamba a cotyledon kapena pakuwoneka masamba 1-2 owona.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu ya mbewu yaying'ono sinakule bwino mokwanira kuti iwonongeke kwambiri. Choncho, mbewu zidzamera bwino. Poterepa, mbandezo ndizolimba komanso zolimba, zomwe zithandizira kukolola mtsogolo.
Momwe mungadumphira bwino kunyumba
Kuti njirayi ichitike, muyenera kutsatira malamulowo. Musanatuluke, mbande ziyenera kukonzekera, ndipo mutatha kuziika, muziwasamalira bwino.
Maphunziro
Choyamba, muyenera kukonza zotengera zomwe mbande zidzaikidwiratu, ndi nthaka.
Mutha kugula dothi m'sitolo yapadera kapena kuphika nokha:
- nthaka yachitsulo
- peat
- utuchi
- humus
Chilichonse mosamala sakanizani... Dzazani makapu ndi dothi, kuwaza madzi ndikusiya tsiku limodzi kuti nthaka ikhazikike. Kenako mutha kuyamba kudumphira m'madzi.
Mawonekedwe:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito spatula kapena supuni ya pulasitiki, chotsani masambawo mosamala pamodzi ndi dothi laling'ono... Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse mizu yofooka. Mutha kugwira mbandezo ndi masamba. Osakoka mwamphamvu kumtunda, pali chiopsezo chowonongeka.
- Pangani chisokonezo pansi ndikutsitsa mosamalitsa mphukirayo.
- Zochepa kuthirira mmera wokaikidwa, Kuyesa kulola mtsinje wamadzi kutsinde. Izi zidzalola mizu kukula.
- Phimbani ndi nthaka, pang'ono kukulitsa mphukira. Ndikosavuta kukanikiza ndi zala zanu pansi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mizu ikhale yolumikizana kwambiri ndi nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbande zizitha kukula ndikukula msanga.
Malamulo omwe nthawi zambiri amaiwalika
- Konzani mbande za zomwe zikubwera. Nthaka yomwe ili m'bokosiyi ndi thirirani kwambiri... Kuchotsa mphukira panthaka youma ndi yolimba kumakhala kovuta ndipo kumatha kuwononga.
- Osakhotetsa mizu ya mmera ngati ndi wautali kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kanizani zowonjezera ndi zala zanu. Izi zingayambitse kukula kwa mizu yatsopano.
- Mbande zofooka, zowonongeka kapena matenda siziyenera kuchitidwa motere, mwina sizingazike mizu ndi kufa. Ngati mbewu ndi yamtengo wapatali ndipo pali mbewu zochepa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ikukula yomwe sikutanthauza kubzala mbeu.
- Kusamalira bwino kwa mbande mutatha ndondomekoyi. Pakadali pano ndi ofooka ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Makamaka m'masiku oyamba a 2-3.
Momwe mungasamalire bwino mphukira zazing'ono
- Kutentha m'chipinda momwe mbande zimapezeka kuyenera kukhala mkati Madigiri 18-20... Ndipo chinyezi chimakhala pamwambapa. Zinthu ngati izi zimathandiza mphukira kuti zizike ndikukula mwamphamvu.
- Zojambula siziyenera kuloledwa, popeza zimamera sakonda mphepo komanso kuzizira kwambiri.
- Vuto lodziwika ndi kusowa kwa kuwala kwa mbewu zazing'ono mchaka. Mphukira imayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikutambasula. Pofuna kupewa izi, m'pofunika kuwonjezeranso masamba poyika nyali patali masentimita 5-10 kuchokera pa mphukira. Masana a mbande za nkhaka ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 7-10. Nyali wamba zogwiritsa ntchito sizoyenera kuwalitsa mbande kunyumba. Amakhala ndi ma radiation ochepa, ndichifukwa chake kuwunika kwawo sikokwanira. Zimaperekanso kutentha kwambiri, zimangophika.
Pazinthu izi, fluorescent, LED, phytolamp ndizoyenera. Samatentha pantchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti abwere pafupi ndi mbewu.
- Ndikofunika kuwunika chinyezi cha nthaka. Sitiyenera kuloledwa kusambira kapena kuwuma, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Mulingo woyenera madzi okwanira - 1-2 pa sabata... Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi firiji.
- Pakatha masiku angapo, mbewuzo zimatha kudyetsedwa feteleza ovuta kwambiri... Mutha kupanga fomuyi nokha.
Feteleza ovuta - kwa malita 10 a madzi:
- ammonium nitrate - 7 g
- superphosphate - 1 g
- potaziyamu sulphate - 8 g
Zovala zapamwamba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito imodzi ndi kuthirira malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Patatha masiku 5-7 mutenge
- Pakadutsa milungu iwiri
- Masiku 1-2 asanatsike kumalo okhazikika
Kukula nkhaka ndi ntchito yolemetsa. Sangatchedwe odzichepetsa. Koma ngati mungachite izi mosamala, mutha kupeza zokolola zabwino.