Masika, wolima dimba aliyense amasangalala. Kuyembekezera nyengo yatsopano yobzala kumakhala kosangalatsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kukana kugula paketi ina yambewu. Mbande za tsabola ndiye oyamba pamzere. Kale mu February, imatha kubzalidwa.
Kodi ndizovuta kulima mbewu za tsabola kwa mbande
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kulima mbewu za tsabola kwa mbande ndi kovuta. Chinthu china ndi mtundu wanji wa mbande. Asanabzalidwe munthaka, umodzi uli ndi zomera zolimba, zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa oyamba ngakhalenso zipatso za nyerere, zinazo zimakhala ndi mphukira zosalimba, zomwe zimawopsyeza kuyang'ana.
Chinthu chachikulu kukumbukira mukamabzala mbewu ndikuti tsabola sakonda kumuika. Chifukwa chake, mumukonzereni makapu osiyana, ndipo musatenge zosankha.
Ganizirani masiku ofikira ndiyofunikanso. Mukamawerengera, ganizirani mtundu wa tsabola womwe mukufuna kubzala. Sachet imasonyeza nyengo yakukula kwa chomeracho. Mitundu yayitali yakucha iyenera kufesedwa koyambirira. Ndikosavuta kupeza zokolola zabwino kuchokera kumitundu yoyambirira kukhwima.
Mtengo wa mbewu imathandizanso. Mutha kupeza zinthu zopanda pake: kumera kotsika, chomeracho sichikugwirizana ndi mafotokozedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Athandizira posankha mbewu:
- Sankhani mitundu, koma hybrids (F1) kuchokera kwa iwo zokolola zapamwamba komanso mphamvu.
- Kupezeka m'thumba lazidziwitso zonse za wopanga mbewu, kuphatikiza chizindikiritso, adilesi, nambala yafoni.
- Chikwamacho chimakhala ndi chaka chomwe mbewu zidalandiridwa.
- Kutchulidwa kuchuluka kwa mbewu mu zidutswa, osalemera magalamu.
- Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane njira zaulimi ndi momwe angakulire kumaperekedwa.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire mbande za tsabola wotentha ndi zokoma kapena Chibugariya
Tinabzala mbewu za tsabola wowawa komanso wokoma. Makapu sanasayinidwe. Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji mbande zokometsera zokometsera ndi mbande zaku Bulgaria mukamabzala? Kodi izi ndizotheka?
Mlimi wodziwa ntchito amadziwa kusiyana kwake pakukula. Masamba owawa ndi ochepa komanso aatali. Ngati mumatafuna tsamba la mmera wachikulire, padzakhala kuwawa mkamwaizi zikuthandizani kusiyanitsa pakati pawo.
Chikhomo chabwino chimathetsa vutoli. Nambala zosiyanasiyana pagalasi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa zomwe zikukula.
Osabzala zokoma ndi zowawa pafupi nayo ndiye upangiri waukulu kwa wamaluwa woyambira. Chifukwa cha kufumbi, m'malo mwa zipatso zokoma, zowawa zimatha kupezeka.
Kufika kunyumba
Tiyeni tiganizire njira zingapo zobzala mbewu kunyumba. Zolinga zomwe zatsatiridwa pankhaniyi:
- imathandizira kumera;
- kusintha chitetezo chokwanira;
- kupatula matenda.
Amachotsa matenda ndikunyowetsa mbewu mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate... Kwa kuthira tizilombo, mphindi 15 ndikwanira.
Bwino chitetezo chokwanira kuumitsa... Imachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri. Mbeu zokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Masana amagona pafupi ndi batri, usiku mufiriji.
Limbikitsani kumera akuphulika - machulukitsidwe mbewu ndi mpweya. Mufunikira kompresa wotsika mtengo wa aquarium. Mbeu zimamizidwa mu chidebe chamadzi ndipo kompresa ndiyatsegulidwa. Mbeu zimaphulika kwa maola 24. Zawuma musanadzalemo.
Kusankha kwamphamvu ndi gawo lapansi
Tsabola amakula bwino makapu otayika 350-400 ml. Mizu imakula bwino mwa iwo. Pansi, mutha kupanga ngalande ndi msomali wotentha kapena singano yoluka. Madzi owonjezera sangachedwe mugalasi.
Tsabola silingaloleze kubzala bwino, chifukwa chake amabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mu chidebe china malingana ndi malangizo a tsatane-tsatane.
Kukonzekera kwa gawo
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo logulidwa pobzala, muli zonse zofunika kutsatira. Kusakaniza kwa dothi komwe kumakonzedwa ndi manja anu ndi kotetezeka.
Muyenera kukonzekera pakugwa. Tengani malo am'munda kuchokera kumtunda komwe adakulira nkhaka, anyezi kapena kaloti... Gawo limodzi la nthaka yomwe yatengedwa m'mundamo, onjezerani gawo limodzi la peat ndi gawo limodzi la humus. Thirani supuni 2 mu chisakanizo chosakanikirana bwino ndi voliyumu ya malita 10. superphosphate ndi magalasi awiri a phulusa. Sakanizani zonse.
Sabata imodzi musanadzale, tsanulirani dothi losakanizidwa ndi manja anu ndi yankho la phytosporin (10 malita - 5 g). Zomwe zimapangidwazo zitha kuteteza tizilombo tonse tothandiza ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya owopsa.
Kufesa mbewu
Makapu adzaza ndi nthaka. Ndi chonyowa, chotayirira ndipo ndi wokonzeka kubzala. Ngati pali mbewu zambiri, mutha kubzala mbewu ziwiri mugalasi limodzi. Siyani mphukira zophuka wamphamvu kwambiri... Dulani tsabola wofooka. Kusunga Kuzama - 1 cm.
Nthaka ndi yonyowa, choncho mutabzala palibe chifukwa chothirira... Ikani makapuwo pamphasa ndikuwaphimba ndi zojambulazo za PVC. Mini wowonjezera kutentha wakonzeka. Kwa masabata 2-3 (ino ndi nthawi yobzala mbewu), ikani wowonjezera kutentha pamalo otentha. Pakukula, pamafunika kutentha kwa madigiri 25-28.
Chisamaliro
Nthawi zina chotsani kanemayo asanaphukire kuti awulutsidwe. Ngati nthaka oma, moisten ndi sprayer. Ziphukazo zikaswa, sintha thireyi ndi magalasi pawindo.
Kuti mupeze mbande zolimba muyenera konzani kuyatsa kwamakina... Yatsani m'mawa ndi madzulo pomwe kulibe dzuwa.
Pakuunikira, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito:
- mapiritsi;
- LED;
- sodium;
- zitsulo halide.
Tsabola amafunika maola 12 usana.
Muyenera kuthirira mbande nthawi zambiri. Tsabola amakonda dothi lonyowa bwino. Kuthirira mopitirira muyeso kulibe thanzi la mbande. Amatha kusiya kukula, kudwala.
Musanatsegule panja (wowonjezera kutentha), Dyetsani mbandezo kawiri ndi feteleza Kemira Lux... Pakudyetsa koyamba, tengani 1 g pa lita, wachiwiri - 2 g pa lita imodzi. Thirani nthaka mu makapu, ngati kuli kofunikira. Mizu siyiyenera kuwululidwa.
Pofuna kupewa kuti kubzala kusakhale kupsinjika, tsabola amafunika kukonzekera - kuumitsa. Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito usiku. Tsegulani zenera kuti kutentha kwapakati kutsike madigiri 15.
Zizindikiro mbande zabwinookonzeka kubzala:
- Masamba obiriwira obiriwira mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 10-12.
- Pamaso pa masamba 1-2.
- Kutalika kwa tsinde kumakhala osachepera 20 cm.
Kukula mbande za tsabola ndichosangalatsa. Sizingatchedwe zovuta, chifukwa ndizosangalatsa kusamalira mbewu zazing'ono. Mbande zomwe zakula mwachikondi zidzakupindulitsani ndi zokolola zambiri.