Mitundu yonse ya sitiroberi imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kudya kwanu komanso kulima mafakitale. Zakale zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo, ndipo omaliza chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo abwino komanso kusunga kwambiri komanso kunyamula. Alba amaphatikiza mikhalidwe yamakalasi onsewa, koma malingaliro amakomedwe ndi osakanikirana.
Chiyambi cha zosiyanasiyana
Alba adalumikizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku kampani yaku Italiya "New Fruts", omwe ntchito yawo inali yopanga mitundu yodzipereka kwambiri osati zokolola zambiri, zoyendetsa komanso zosunga, komanso kukoma ndi kuwonetsa.
Alba kapena NF311 wosakanizidwa adawonekera m'ma seventies. Awiriwo anali mitundu: albion ndi cal. Zamgululi Zosiyanasiyana zidatenga zabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa makolo ake: zokolola zambiri, kukoma ndi mtundu wa zipatso... Strawberry posakhalitsa idakhala mtsogoleri wazopanga zaku Italy.
Komanso, zosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa kuti zizilimidwa m'maiko aku Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus, komwe zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zipatso zake zoyambirira komanso chiyembekezo chake.
Makhalidwe a sitiroberi alba
Alba amalimidwa kutchire komanso mumakwera amakanema, pomwe zokolola zimapsa milungu iwiri m'mbuyomu. Strawberries amapsa kumunda pofika pakati pa Meyi... Pazochitika zonsezi, zosiyanasiyana zimapereka zokolola zabwino, zomwe ndizofunikira pakupanga mafakitale.
Zipatsozo, malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, ndipo kulemera kwake kumayambira 25-30 magalamu... Zipatso zofiira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zamkati wandiweyani komanso kukoma kokoma ndi acidity pang'ono. Imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso ndipo mabulosiwo samachepa nthawi yonseyi.
Mabulosi akulu kwambiri adalimidwa mumzinda wa Rolkestone (USA). Linkalemera magalamu 230, koma silinakomedwe.
Zitsamba za Alba zimakhala zolimba, ndizotsika kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 35. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ya zipatso.
Mitunduyi imagonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew, verticellosis ndi fusarium wilt, koma imatha kudwala bulauni komanso yoyera. Alba imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala cha chilimwe.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi monga:
- kucha koyambirira;
- nyengo yabwino, yomwe imapewa chisanu chobwerezabwereza;
- mapangidwe achangu a zipatso;
- osakonda zipatso zosweka;
- kuthekera kokolola kwamakina;
- mitengo yayikulu yonyamula komanso kusunga;
- Msika wogulitsa;
- zokolola zabwino komanso zokhazikika;
- kukana matenda ndi tizirombo;
- chisanu chabwino kukana.
Zoyipa zazikulu zimaphatikizapo nthawi yopuma, komanso kutengeka ndi anthracnose.
Alba ndi ake mitundu yolimbana ndi chilalachoncho imafunika kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata. Mitundu ina imayenera kuthiriridwa masiku atatu kapena anayi aliwonse.
Ulimi ukadaulo wolima
Strawberries ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka, owala, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira. Ndibwino kuti tirigu, adyo, anyezi kapena maluwa - marigolds ndi petunias - adabzalidwa koyambirira pamalowo.
Koma pambuyo pa tomato, mbatata, biringanya, tsabola ndi raspberries, chomera albu chosafunika... Zotsogola zoterezi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chakumapeto kwa ngozi. Munda wa sitiroberi wobzalidwa pambuyo pa nkhaka ndi kabichi ungakhudzidwe ndi nematode.
Alba amakula bwino pamalo obzala chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa, chifukwa amatero amachepetsa kwambiri nthaka.
Kubzala sitiroberi kumatha kuchitika mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Alba, wobzalidwa nthawi yophukira, amapereka zokolola zake zoyambirira masika, ndipo pa tchire lodzala masika, zipatso zimawoneka patatha chaka chimodzi. Kubzala chilimwe kwa strawberries ndikololedwa, koma nyengo siyenera kukhala yotentha kwambiri.
Kuphimba nthaka, kuyika gawo lapansi, kapena kukhazikitsa mabulosi kumathandizira kuti sitiroberi isadwale matenda ndi zipatso kuti zisawole.
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka
Strawberries amakula bwino mumchenga wa mchenga kapena dothi loamy, lopindulitsa ndi zinthu zokwanira zokwanira.
Kukonzekera nthaka kubzala kumachitika osachepera milungu iwiri pasadakhale mwambowu usanachitike ndipo umaphatikizapo magawo angapo:
- kukumba mozama;
- kuchotsa namsongole ndi mizu yake;
- Kukhazikitsa koyambira kwa feteleza.
Pa mita imodzi iliyonse, malita 10 a manyowa owola kapena humus ndikuwonjezera feteleza ovuta ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Yotsirizira akhoza m'malo ndi phulusa kapena superphosphate.
Ndi malo apafupi amadzi apansi panthaka kapena chizolowezi chatsambalo chodumphira madzi, chodzala strawberries amalangiza kuti apange zitunda zazitali... Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa mizu yovunda ndi madzi mu zipatso.
Kubzala alba pamalo athyathyathya kumathandizira kukulitsa kusungira chinyontho m'nyengo yadzuwa.
Kudzala malamulo a mbande
Njira ya chingwe kubzala strawberries ndikofala kwambiri. Imachitika m'mizere iwiri, nthawi yomwe iyenera kukhala yosachepera masentimita 40. Zitsamba za alba zimabzalidwa patali masentimita 25 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, ndikuwona ukadaulo wina.
- Konzani mabowo obzala mwakuya 20-25 masentimita.
- Onjezani humus, phulusa ndi zovuta feteleza zamchere kubowo lililonse.
- Tsanulirani zitsimezo ndi madzi.
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tifunika kupezeka pamiyeso osapitirira chaka chimodzi.
- Mizu yazomwe zimabzala imayikidwa mu njira yolimbikitsira kukula ndikusungidwa mumthunzi kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi.
- Mbande zathanzi zimabzalidwa mozungulira kuti maziko ake akhale pansi ndipo mizu yake imakutidwa ndi nthaka.
Chitsamba chilichonse mutabzala muyenera kuthirirakugwirana nthaka. Kutsirira pambuyo pake kumachitika momwe zingafunikire. Osadutsa mopyola muyeso kapena mopitirira muyeso kubzala - izi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana ndi fungal.
Ndikofunika kulemekeza masiku obwera. Mu kasupe, strawberries amabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. M'chilimwe - kuyambira pakati pa Julayi, ndi nthawi yophukira - theka la mwezi chisanachitike chisanu.
Kusamalira bwino
Alba amasamalira chaka choyamba mutabzala cholinga chake ndikupanga mizu yolimba, chifukwa chake tinyanga tatsopano ndi ma peduncles amafunika kuchotsedwa.
Kusamalira zokolola zakale kumadalira nyengo.
- Pambuyo pa chisanu... Kumayambiriro kwa masika, malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira amachotsedwa, masamba owonongeka amachotsedwa, ndipo nthaka imamasulidwa. Mchere kapena feteleza wathanzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pamwezi. Njirazi zimachitika zipatso zisanafike. Kuyambira pakatikati pa kasupe, kuthirira nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa, kuyambira ndi tizigawo tating'ono, koma kawiri patsiku.
- Pamaso maluwa... Munthawi imeneyi, mabedi amayenera kuthiridwa kuti ateteze kukula kwa namsongole, kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zimayera komanso kuteteza zipatso kuti zisaonongeke. Strawberries amathiriridwa ndi urea yankho kapena phulusa kulowetsedwa. Ngati mukufuna, kupopera mankhwala ndi mayankho kumachitika kuti chidwi chikhale bwino.
- Pa maluwa... Munthawi imeneyi, strawberries amafunikira potashi, humus ndi phulusa. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mazira ambiri, m'pofunika kupopera ndi boric acid, supuni ya tiyi yomwe imadzipukutira m'malita khumi a madzi. Tilende tating'ono tifunika kudulidwa panthawiyi kuti tisataye gawo limodzi la zokololazo.
- Patatha mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kuyamba kubala zipatso. Amagwira ntchito yodulira mitengo yatsopano, yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa zokolola, kupewa zipatso zosaphwanyika, kuchepetsa kuwopsa kwa matenda, komanso kuthandizira kukolola zipatso.
- Nyengo yozizira... Pambuyo pa kubala zipatso, muyenera kuchotsa magawo onse owonongeka a zomera, namsongole ndikuphimba sitiroberi ndi zinthu zapadera kapena conifer. Izi ziwonetsetsa kuti nyengo yachisanu ipulumuke bwino ndikufulumizitsa nyengo yokula.
Pofuna kukonza kukoma kwa alba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza omwe mulibe macro- komanso ma microelements.
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa osalangiza amakula alba pamalo amodzi kwazaka zopitilira zitatu. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumachepa, ndipo mabulosi amasiya makhalidwe ake.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamalira Thirani ma strawberries kumalo atsopano. Koma tsamba lakale limangobzalidwa zaka zinayi.
Njira zoberekera
Pofuna kubzala alba, njira yogawira tchire, tinyanga tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito (rosettes) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njere.
Njira yogawanitsa Bush
Zimachitika malinga ndi chiwembu china:
- ndondomeko ikuchitika mchaka, mutakhazikitsa kutentha kosakhazikika pamwambapa kapena mukakolola;
- sankhani tchire la zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu lokhala ndi zipatso zabwino;
- tchire limachotsedwa mosamala pansi popanda kuwononga mizu;
- mizu imagawanika magawo awiri kapena atatu chida chakuthwa chosabereka. Chidutswa chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi rosette yokhala ndi masamba;
- malo a mabala amathandizidwa ndi yankho la manganese.
Chidutswa chilichonse chimabzalidwa m'mabowo okonzeka kubzala.
Kuyika tinyanga
Kukolola kwazinthu zodzala kumachitika kumapeto kwa Juni, kutsatira malamulo oyenera.
- Konzani chisakanizo cha nthaka posakaniza magawo ofanana a peat ndi nthaka yamunda. Kusakaniza kumaphatikizidwa ndi humus. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lokonzedwa bwino la sitiroberi.
- Tinyanga timabzalidwa muzidebe zilizonse zodzaza ndi nthaka ndikusakaniza m'chipinda chotentha, chowala bwino.
- Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka imakhuthala nthawi zonse.
- Zodzala zimatha kuthiridwa ndi mullein kapena kulowetsedwa yisiti.
- Pakapangidwa masamba awiriawiri pa rosettes, chotsani tinyanga totsalira ndikubzala mbewu pamalo okhazikika.
Mukamabzala, mpira wachidothi uyenera kusungidwa, womwe ungapewe kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndikufulumizitsa kuzika mizu pamalo atsopano.
Njira yambewu
Mukamakula alba kuchokera ku mbewu, mitundu yamitundu imatha kutha.
Chifukwa chake, njirayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndipo mbewu ziyenera kugulidwa kuchokera ku nazale. Koma mutha kuyesa kuzipeza nokha.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo magawo angapo:
- zipatso zazikulu zakupsa zimasankhidwa, pomwe gawo lachitatu lakumwambalo limadulidwa, ndikuukanda ndikuyika padzuwa;
- Zipangizo zouma ziyenera kuthiriridwa m'madzi ndipo nyemba zisankhidwe;
- mbewu zokolola zilowerere kwa masiku 2-3 mu yofooka yankho la manganese kapena chopatsa mphamvu chokula;
- mbewu yokonzedwa imafesedwa m'mitsuko yodzala ndi dothi lapadera ndikuyika malo ofunda, owala;
- pambuyo powonekera tsamba lenileni loyamba mbande imadumphira m'madzi.
Kubzala mbewu zazing'ono pamalo otseguka ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, zitatha kuuma kwa tchire... Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutenga ma strawberries kupita nawo kumlengalenga, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi ya "kuyenda".
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Alba strawberries satetezedwa ndi matenda ambiri a mafangasi, koma nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa anthracnose... Chifukwa cha kukula kwa matendawa ndikutentha kwambiri. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonetsedwa ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono a imvi-burgundy pamapaleti, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono. Ngati palibe chomwe chachitika, minda ikhoza kufa.
Monga chitetezo cha matendawa, mbande za sitiroberi zimathandizidwa mu yankho la manganese kapena Bordeaux madzi.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zikawonekera, kubzala sitiroberi kumathandizidwa mokonzekera mwapadera. Ndi matenda apamwamba, muyenera kuwononga tchire lonse, ndikuchiza nthaka ndi madzi a Bordeaux.
Mwa tizirombo, strawberries nthawi zambiri amaukiridwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ziwombankhanga, kuti amenyane ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popopera madzi ndi sopo kapena kukonzekera kwapadera.
Kukoma kwa sitiroberi alba kwakhumudwitsa ambiri okhala mchilimwe. Alibe kutsekemera kwamphamvu komanso fungo labwino. Koma zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikudziwika pakati pa alimi omwe amalima zipatso zogulitsa.
Kusunga kwabwino komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ali ndi mphamvu yogula. Komanso sitiroberiyu imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, motero imatha kupezeka m'minda yanu.