Nkhaka amabwera m'mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu. Imodzi mwa mitundu yopambana ndi mitundu ya Adam. Zipatso zamtunduwu zimapsa koyambirira, koyambirira kwa chilimwe.... Mukabzala panthaka, chomeracho chimapereka zipatso zake zoyambirira mwezi ndi theka. Awa ndi nkhaka za haibridi. Muyenera kugula mbewu za mbadwo woyamba wowoloka. Zolembazo ziyenera kukhala ndi chikwangwani cha F1. Nkhaniyi imafotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso malamulo oyisamalira.
Ubwino wosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya Adam imalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda a tizilombo.... Sichimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi cladosporium.
Komanso nkhaka izi zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Amatha kupanga mpaka makilogalamu 10 amadyera pa 1 mita imodzi. Zipatso zoyamba zimapereka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mukakolola, amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka pamalo ozizira. Zipatso zamtunduwu sizokulirapo, chitsamba chimodzi chimapatsa nkhaka zambiri. Amabala zipatso nyengo yonse. Chipatsocho chimakoma kwambiri, chokoma, chokoma.
Malamulo ofika
Amakonda malo otentha kapena osatenthedwa, malo obiriwira okhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Amathanso kumera m'mabedi otseguka.
- Pongoyambira, mbewu ayenera kuikidwa m'madzi firiji mpaka kumera.
- Njira yabwino kumera ndiyo kuyika nyembazo mu thaulo, zilowerere ndikuziyika pamalo otentha.
- Pambuyo kumera, mbewu zimafunikira ikani mufiriji tsiku limodzi, kuti chomeracho chimve kukana kuzizira.
- Mbeu zokonzeka angabzalidwe miphika... Ayenera kukhala ochepa. Pulasitiki kapena miphika yapadera ya peat-humus ndiyabwino. Miphika iyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yathanzi.
- Mbande ziyenera kusungidwa bwino. Kutentha osachepera + 24 madigiri C mpaka kumera kumera.
- Pambuyo kumera, kutentha kumafunikira kuchepetsa mpaka madigiri 20 C, pokhalabe ndi kuyatsa bwino.
- Pambuyo pa masabata 4 nkhaka mbande zimatha kusunthidwa pansi.
Iyenera kubzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembu cha 30x70. Pakati pa mizereyo payenera kukhala masentimita 70 cm, ndi pakati pa mbandezo masentimita 30. Mfundo zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- Ndizotheka kubzala panthaka pokhapokha nthaka itatenthetsa mpaka 16 digiri C, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kudzafika madigiri 18 C.
- Kwa mlungu umodzi wobzala, mmera amatengeredwa ku khonde kuti athe kulimbana ndi nyengo yozizira motero amawumitsa.
Dzulo lisanadzalemo, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa kwambiri ndi madzi oyera ofunda. Madzi okonzedweratu ndiabwino kwa izi, zomwe ziyenera kutetezedwa kwa maola angapo.
Zosamalira
Kuti mulime nkhaka, muyenera zochepa sinthani malo zaka zisanu zilizonse... Kupanda kutero, nkhaka zimadwala pafupipafupi ndikupeza matenda atsopano. Kuti kumera kwabwino kwa mbeu, ndikofunikira kuti muzitsuka mapiriwo ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kuti namsongole asasokoneze kukula kwa nkhaka komanso kuti asadye zakudya zawo m'nthaka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kumasula nthaka ndikumangirira mbewukuti mizu yake isavumbulutsidwe. Kutsegula sikuyenera kukhala kozama, kuti zisawononge mizu. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata nthawi yamaluwa komanso kawiri pamlungu panthawi yomwe zipatso zimawoneka tchire. Madzi amapatsa chomeracho mphamvu zowonjezereka ndikulola chipatso chake kukhala chamadzi ambiri. Thirirani madzi opanda klorinibwino madzulo. Nkhaka amakonda kudya. Ndowe za nkhuku kapena ndowe za ng'ombe zimagwira ntchito bwino. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi, tsinde liyenera kutsinidwa, lomwe limathandizira kukolola kwambiri.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Zipatso zoyamba zitha kupezeka koyambirira kwa Juni. Izi zimatengera nthawi yomwe mbande zidasamutsidwira pansi. Kuti mukolole, muyenera kuthyola nkhaka m'tchire kuti musawononge tsinde la chomeracho. Zipatso zodulidwa ziyenera kupindidwa mosamala m'bokosi lokonzedwa kuti zisawawononge.
Sungani nkhaka pamalo ozizira... Chifukwa chake amatha kukhalabe atsopano mpaka milungu iwiri, ndipo mawonekedwe kapena kukoma sikudzasintha. Nthawi zonse, amatha mabodza masiku angapo.
Matenda Omwe Angatenge Matenda Adam
Kuvunda koyera (sclerotinia)
Ndi matendawa, mabanga oyera amawoneka pa tsinde la chomeracho, chomwe chimafalikira m'nkhalango. Pakapita nthawi, madera omwe akhudzidwa amakola. Amawoneka chifukwa cha bowa kuzizira m'nthaka. Bowa wamtunduwu amakonda chinyezi, chifukwa chake umaoneka nthaka ikadzaza madzi. Kulimbana sikungodula malo okhudzidwawo ndikuwasamalira ndi laimu kapena makala, zomwe zingathandize kupewa kufalikira kumadera athanzi.
Kuvunda imvi
Masamba, zipatso ndi zimayambira zimakutidwa ndi kanema waimvi. Zimapezeka chifukwa chothirira kwambiri mbewu. Madera omwe akhudzidwa akuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide, izi zithandizira kuyimitsa matendawa kapena kuchotsa matendawa.
Mizu yowola
Mizu yovunda - imafalikira kumizu ya chomeracho, chifukwa chake masamba ndi zimayambira samalandira chakudya choyenera ndikuyamba kufuna. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chomeracho ndikuchiwothirira ndi madzi ozizira. Pofuna kupewa kufa kwa nkhaka, muyenera kuwaza mizu ndi nthaka yatsopano, yomwe ingakulitse mizu yatsopano ndikupulumutsa chomeracho.
Copperhead (anthracnose)
Zizindikiro - mawanga amkuwa amayamba kuwonekera pa chomeracho. Bowa amakhala pamwamba penipeni pa nthaka. Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi chithandizo cha madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi sulfate yamkuwa.
Cladosporium
Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi bulauni wa azitona. Imawonekera ngati mawanga ofiira pamasamba ndi mphukira, omwe amasamutsidwa pang'onopang'ono kupita ku chipatso, chifukwa chake chipatso chimakhala chosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chomeracho chimafa. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yam nkhaka imatha kutenga kachilomboka, kukana ndi mwayi wabwino wosiyanasiyana.
Zithunzi za Viruc nkhaka
Matenda ena omwe nkhaka "Adam" imagonjetsedwa. Imafalikira mwachangu chomera chonse. Amawononga maselo amisempha. Mawanga achikasu amawonekera pamasamba, omwe amafalikira ku chomera chonse, chifukwa chake amafa. Njira yokhayo yolimbirana ndi matendawa ndikuchepetsa malowa ndi lumo. Pambuyo pake, magawo odulidwa ayenera kuwotchedwa.
Powdery mildew
Matenda a fungal omwe amawoneka ngati pachimake choyera pamasamba. Chifukwa chakugonjetsedwa, chomeracho sichingathe kubala zipatso ndipo chimamwalira pang'onopang'ono. Mwamwayi, nkhaka za Adam zimagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa.
Sikuti matenda onse okhudza nkhaka amalembedwa.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zomera, muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kuthirira kwa mbeu.
Nkhaka zipatso Adam
Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati saladi wamasamba, pickling, pickling... Nkhaka sizikula masentimita 12, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu 100. Zipatso zonse ndizofanana, ngakhale, zimakhala ndi malonda, zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, sizimawonongeka poyenda. Nkhaka imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino, ndiyokoma, nyembazo ndizocheperako. Mukamangidwa zamzitini, nkhaka zimakhazikika komanso zimadzaza mitsuko.
Nkhaka Adam ndiabwino kukula komanso kugulitsa komanso kugula kwanu.
Mbewu zotengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso mu m'badwo wachiwiri sizingapereke zotsatira zofananira ndi zoyambazo, chifukwa chake mbeu yodzala iyenera kubzalidwa chaka chilichonse.