Thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo ndi thalakitala yaying'ono yomwe imathandizira magwiridwe antchito ang'onoang'ono a mlimi kumbuyo, kanyumba kanyengo kachilimwe kapena pabwalo lamunda. Zipangizo zake zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasula nthaka, kubzala mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kunyamula katundu, kukweza. Chofunikira pakulamula kogula thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo ndi kukula kwa dera lomwe lingakonzedwe.
Momwe mungabzalidwe mbatata pansi pa thirakitala loyenda kumbuyo
Pali njira za agronomic zokulitsa mbatata zomwe timakonda, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri. Chikhalidwe ichi ali ndi mizu yofooka, chotero nthaka iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina:
- kapangidwe
- chonde
- kuloleza madzi
- kutentha kokwanira
Zida zolimira kumunda
Choyamba muyenera kulinganiza dera, kulima, kumasula.
Pazinthu izi, zida zamagalimoto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo, wolima pamoto kapena thalakitala. Anthu adapanga thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo - zida zoyenera kwambiri, zotsika mtengo kubzala mbatata.
Ulemu mlimi ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito wodula kulima Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kumachitika, mabedi amadulidwa kuti afesedwe ndipo kulima pakati pa mizere kumachitika mpaka kukolola mizu.
Matrekta ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yaying'ono yolima, kunyamula katundu, kuyeretsa madera. Zida zonse zazing'ono zimathetsa mafunso omwewo: momwe tingathandizire ogwira ntchito zaulimi.
Zida zoyendetsedwa
Zoyikika pambuyo pake zapangidwa kuti ziziyenda kumbuyo kwa thirakitala: ma hiller, mapula, wokonza mbatata. Olima minda amakonda kukhala ndi chida chokhala ndi mapiri pafamu, chomwe chimathandiza kuti azitha kusintha magwiridwe antchito awo.
Momwemo kukula kwa chiwembucho ndi mbatata zosiyanasiyana zimaganiziridwa.
Kufika pansi pa khasu
Ndikosavuta kuti anthu awiri azibzala mbatata pansi pa khasu. Munthu m'modzi ndiye amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ndipo wachiwiri amayika timachubu mu mzere.
Kupita mbali ina kumaphatikizidwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa mizere ndi dothi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo apa palibe chifukwa chodziwira malo oti mubzaletu pasadakhale.
Kugwira ntchito ndi cholembera chimbale
Kubzala kumachitika ndi disk hiller. Chida ichi ndi cholumikizira cha motoblock ngati mawonekedwe apadera, pomwe ma disc azitsulo amaimitsidwa pakona mpaka pansi.
Hiller Sikuti amangodula mizere yobzala, komanso amamasula nthaka.
Wodzala mbatata
Kubzala ndi wokonza mbatata kumasiyana ndi njira zomwe zatchulidwazi kale, kufalitsa kwa ma tubers sikofunikira. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kolima mbatata ndibwino m'malo akulu... Koma kapangidwe kake kazipangizoka kumafunikira zina zosankha mosamala mbeu zakukula.
Kugwiritsa ntchito hiller ya mizere iwiri
Zida zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, hiller ya mizere iwiri. Zikuwoneka kuti ntchitoyi iyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi. Koma pali zinthu zina pobzala mbatata ndi thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo ndi mzere wa mizere iwiri.
Ndiukadaulo uwu, zisa ziwiri nthawi imodzi... Kuyang'anira mizere yonse nthawi imodzi kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa chake anthu amayesa njira yosavuta yobzala.
Motoblock Neva
Kupanga zida zazing'ono zapa minda ku Russia ndi mayiko omwe kale anali USSR kunayamba kalekale. Mtsogoleri mbali iyi ndi kampani Krasny Oktyabr - Neva.
Okonza akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira khumi, mitundu yatsopano ikukwaniritsidwa, njira zolumikizidwa zikukonzedwa. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kogwira ntchito, gawo linawonekera pochita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolima.
Moni
Motoblock yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri "Moni" 6.5 HP... Kuti mubzale mbatata, kuwonjezera pa unit, muyenera kukhala ndi khasu lowonjezera, kanyumba kakang'ono, komanso koposa zonse, chida cholumikizira pansi.
Kubzala mbatata ndi thalakitala ya Salyut yoyenda kumbuyo kumawoneka motere: makinawo amayenda mbali imodzi ndipo amadula poyambira pobzala mbewu, gawo lomwelo limabwerera ndipo amatseka mzere ndi nthaka.
Chodziwika bwino cha thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo chimawonetsedwa posankha zomata zoyenera.
MTZ
Motoblocks MTZ idabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Soviet Minsk Tractor Plant, ndi yotchuka ngakhale pano, ikufunika pakati pa anthu aku Russia.
Makina osachepera aulimi ndi multifunctional komanso yodalirika... Amakwaniritsa bwino ntchito yake.
Mtunduwo uli ndi zovuta:
- pali mavuto ndi zida zosunthira;
- imafunikira nyonga yamphamvu pakusintha masiyanidwe.
Woyang'anira bizinesi aliyense amapeza zida kutengera kulingalira mtengo ndi kupindulitsa kwake. Zofunikira pazochita za agronomic sizisintha.
Njira yogwirira ntchito
Kodi mungalime bwanji ndi thalakitala woyenda kumbuyo kwa mbatata? Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino za mbatata, muyenera kutsatira malamulo olima nthaka, kusamalira mbewu, kuphatikiza kulima kwapakati, ndikukolola munthawi yake.
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kwa mbatata
Gawo loyamba lachigonjetso polimbana ndi zokolola za mizu ndikukonzekera nthaka yobzala mbatata ndi thalakitala woyenda kumbuyo. Kuti muyambe ntchito yamasika m'munda, muyenera kudziwa malo mbatata.
Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kupeza malo owuma ndi loam yamchenga... Kumasula nthaka ndikulimbikitsidwa nyengo youma. Wosanjikiza dothi sayenera kutembenuzidwa panthawi yomasula masika.
Ntchito yolima imadalira mtundu wa nthaka.
Kapangidwe ka nthaka kamatsimikizika mophweka:
- nthaka yaying'ono imatengedwa ndikulowetsedwa m'madzi;
- mpira umagudubuzika kuchokera panthaka iyi, mpira sugwira ntchito panthaka yamchenga;
- Mzere umachotsedwa mu mpira, ngati sunagwire - nthaka ndi mchenga wopota;
- Zotsatira zake ndi dothi lolemera kapena louma.
Kuzama kozama
Oyenera kwambiri mbatata mchenga, mchenga loam mtundu... Mwini mwini amasankha yekha momwe angadzalitsire mbatata ndi thirakitala yoyenda kumbuyo.
Dothi loyera lamchenga ndi lamchenga lokwanira mokwanira limadzaza mlengalenga, chifukwa chake zitunda sizingadulidwe, koma zimabzalidwa m'miyala. Kukula kwakulima kumatengera nthaka ya nthaka ndipo mtengo wake ndi 12 masentimita.
Momwe kukonzekera kumawunikidwira
Kukonzekera thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo kwa ntchito ndi iyi:
- onetsetsani mafuta ndi mafuta m'dongosolo, ngati kuli kofunikira, onjezerani kufunika kwake;
- onetsetsani kuti ma levers oyendetsa magudumu atsegulidwa;
- tsegulani valavu yamagetsi;
- kusuntha poyatsira lophimba ku "On" malo;
- tulutsani chingwe choyambira ndikuchikoka mwamphamvu mpaka injini ikayamba.
Ntchito yogwira
Njira yobzala imakhudza zochitika zonse kuyambira pokonza zida ndi mbewu mpaka kumaliza kwa pore. Maluso aumisiri amakula m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kutengera nyengo.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, alimi amachita izi chisanadze kufesa kusankha, vernalization ndi kumera kwa tubers... Podzala sankhani ma tubers mumisa 35-50 g... Ziphukazo zimakwiriridwa munthaka zikakhala zowirira komanso zobiriwira.
Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu
Pambuyo kumera, mbatata zimathandizidwa kuti zithandizire kumera, kuonjezera zokolola, kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda motsutsana ndi matenda oopsa, matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kudula mizere
Mbewuzo zidakonzedwa, zida zolimitsira mundawo zinali zokonzeka, funso lanthawi yake limabuka la momwe mungadulire mizere ya mbatata ndi thirakitala yoyenda kumbuyo. Mitengo yapakatikati komanso yotha kubzala imabzalidwa motsatizana mpaka masentimita 35, ndipo mtunda wa mzere umasungidwa masentimita 60. Kutalika pakati pa mizere ya mitundu yoyambilira kumakhala mkati mwa 50 cm.
Kudula mabedi
Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kutengera momwe zinthu zilili. Mothandizidwa ndi thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo, mizere kapena mabedi amadulidwa. Pali yankho la pempholi momwe mungadulire mabedi a mbatata ndi thirakitala yoyenda kumbuyo.
Bedi loyamba liyenera kuchitika ndendende pa wolamulira... Mzere wotsatira amatsitsa gudumu kutsatira njira ya mzere wapitawo... Chilichonse chimayenda bwino ngati mutayika zingwe zokulirapo pamawilo amiyala, onjezerani cholembera cha mizere iwiri, ikani mipeni molondola pakati.
Udindo wa khasu
Kodi khasu lodzala mbatata poyenda kumbuyo kwa thalakitala ndi liwiro. Dulani mizere, ikani mbatata, bwererani, ndipo thalakitala woyenda kumbuyo atseka poyambira. Mzere wotsatira waikidwa patali pafupifupi 70 cm.
Kulima kwawo
Alimi odziwa bwino ntchito amapanga khasu lokhalamo nyumba lobzala mbatata ndi thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo. Amamvetsetsa kukonda mtengo kwa malonda ndi manja awo.
Kuphatikiza apo, magawo owerengeka mwanzeru kuyang'anira ntchito, khasu silituluka muulimi. Khasu limayang'aniridwa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndipo limapereka zabwino zake.
Khasu lodzipangira limaphatikizidwa ndi zolumikizira zina.
Olima magalimoto
Kubzala mbatata ndi wolima magalimoto kumathandizidwanso. Ili ndi bokosi lamagiya ndikulima ocheka, mosiyana ndi thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo, yomwe ili ndi mawilo.
Pamtengo, gawo ili limalipira wotchipa... Kulima mbatata kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito khasu.
Konzani njira yobzala
Mukabzala ndi kumera, chisamaliro cha mbewu chimapitilira. Kukonzekera kwapakati pa mbatata kumapereka chisamaliro kumasula nthaka mozungulira zokolola. Ntchitoyi imachitika pamanja, koma ndiyotopetsa nthawi yayitali.
Kukonza ndi thalakitala yaying'ono kumathandizira izi, kumapulumutsa mphamvu zaumunthu. Zomata zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso mwachangu. Ma Hiller amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.
Umu ndi momwe chiwembu chodzala mbatata ndi thalakitala woyenda kumbuyo chikuwoneka ngati - Masentimita 35 pakati pa tubers, 60 cm pakati pa mizere.
Ubwino wa hiller
Ubwino wa ma hiller ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake:
- amapanga mizere mukamabzala;
- kumasula nthaka moyenera;
- spud zomera.
Kupalira udzu
Namsongole m'munda amakula pafupi ndi mbatata. Chifukwa kuchotsa malowo ku udzu gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera.
Kupalira ndi harrow ndikosavuta. Mitengo ya harrow imamangiriridwa ku ukonde ndikuyang'ana pansi, ukondewo waimitsidwa pachimango. Maluso amakoka kukoka uku pamunda, namsongole amachotsedwa akamayenda.
Gwiritsani ntchito harrow pakamera namsongole mutalima musanamera.
Chifukwa chake, mbewu zolimidwa za mbatata, zomwe anthu onse amakonda, zimafunikira njira yodziyimira yokha. Kulima kumalumikizidwa ndi njira zambiri zaulimi. Opanga ndi opanga makina ang'onoang'ono amapereka mphatso zabwino kwa ogwira ntchito akumidzi.