Kukula raspberries kumaonedwa ngati kosavuta ndi ena. Koma ambiri sadziwa kuti mulime zokolola zokoma komanso zokoma, muyenera kudziwa zinsinsi zina kubzala ndikusamalira mbeu iyi yomwe ikuwoneka ngati yopanda ntchito.
Kulima raspberries mdziko muno
Kudzala pati?
Mukasankha malo oyenera kubzala tchire la rasipiberi, mudzadzipezera zipatso zokoma ndi zonunkhira.
Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amapereka malo osakaza kwambiri oti abzale. Sizolondola. Zokolola ndizochepa.
Kuti mabulosiwo akhale okoma, mumafunika dzuwa... Rasipiberi ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha malo ake:
- Dzuwa.
- Kutetezedwa ku mphepo.
- Konyowa, koma osati chithaphwi (ndibwino ngati m'malo ano chipale chofewa chimadziunjikira nthawi yozizira).
- Ndi nthaka yachonde.
Kodi nthawi yabwino yobzala nthawi yadzinja ndi yotani?
Tchire la rasipiberi titha kubzala nthawi iliyonse yotentha, koma Nthawi yabwino yobzala akadali nthawi yophukira.
M'dzinja, chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha kutentha ndi chinyezi. Tchire lokhazikika mu nthawi yophukira, limakula msanga masika ndikudwala pang'ono.
Mukamabzala masika, chomeracho chimazika mizu kwa nthawi yayitali. ndipo kupulumuka kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza kubzala.
Kukonzekera nthaka ya tchire la rasipiberi kuyenera kuchitidwa pasadakhale. Ngati tchire timabzala kugwa, ndiye maenje obzala amakonzedwa mwezi umodzi asanatsike.
Pobzala masika, maenje amakonzedwa nthawi ya kugwa. Zomera zosabzalidwa pazifukwa zina ziyenera kuikidwa m'manda. Masika, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nthawi yobzala mbewu zomwe zidayikidwa masamba asanadzuke.
Njira zoyambira
Raspberries amabzalidwa pamalowo ngalande, dzenje kapena dzenje njira... Ndipo njirayi malinga ndi njira ya Sobolev ndiyosangalatsanso. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?
Ngalande
Raspberries, anabzala mu ngalande, amapulumutsa nthawi yosamalira iye... Kutsirira pang'ono, ndikosavuta kubisala nthawi yachisanu, zipatso zake zimawonjezeka.
Ngalande malamulo okhazikika:
- Sankhani malo owala bwino.
- Kuunikira kofananira kwa mtengo wa rasipiberi, lowetsani ngalande kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera.
- Kutalika kwa ngalande sikungosinthasintha, koma kuya kwake ndi 60-70 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 40-50.
- Ngati pali mizere yopitilira umodzi, ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pawo ndi pafupifupi 1.5 m.
- Nthaka yolemera yolimba imafunika kupepuka. Thirani wosanjikiza wa 10-15 cm wamiyala kapena mchenga pansi pa ngalande. Sakanizani nthaka ndi humus. Kufalitsa feteleza amchere pamwamba pake 1 sq m:
- 200 magalamu a phosphorous;
- 60-70 magalamu a potashi;
- 300-400 magalamu a phulusa la nkhuni.
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta: 200 magalamu a nitroammofosk kapena nitrophoska.
- Sakanizani zonse bwinobwino. Pamwamba ndi 10 cm ya nthaka yachonde. Siyani malo okwana 30 mpaka 40 cm pamwamba pa dzenjelo.
- Limbikitsani m'mbali ndi ma bumpers. Iwo sayenera kutha. Oyenera kulimbitsa: matabwa, madenga akumverera kapena polycarbonate.
- Ikani nsanamira zooneka ngati T kuchokera kumapeto kwa ngalande. Kutalika 1 m.
- Mavuto 2 mizere ya waya. Kuchokera pansi pamtunda wa 30-40 cm ndikukwera pamwamba pazindindazo.
- Bzalani mbande mu mzere umodzi ndi mtunda wa 1 mita pakati pa mbeu.
- Kukumba mabowo. Ikani chomeracho. Phimbani ndi nthaka. Kuti chomeracho chilimbe, phatikirani nthaka kuzungulira bole.
- Thirani madzi m'magawo awiri, pang'ono, mpaka dothi ladzaza ndi chinyezi. Pambuyo kuthirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka kuzungulira raspberries. Izi zidzateteza kuti zisaume ndikupulumutsirani zovuta zakumeta ndi kumasula. Peat, humus, singano za paini kapena kompositi ndizoyenera ngati mulch.
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timalumikizidwa ndi waya akamakula. Yambani garter kuchokera kumagawo otsika.
Njira ya ngalande yolima raspberries ndiyothandiza, koma ndiyotheka komanso woyenera mtengo waukulu wa rasipiberi.
Dimple
Ngati muli ndi rasipiberi pang'ono, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mubzale mopepuka kapena njira yamtchire, yotsatiridwa ndi kapangidwe kama korona kopangidwa ngati fan. Maenjewa ayenera kukonzekera milungu iwiri musanadzalemo.
Malamulo ofika:
- Kukumba mabowo 35-40 cm masentimita ndi mulifupi. Mtunda pakati pa mabowo uli kuyambira 0.6 mita mpaka 1 mita.
- Dzazani ndi nthaka yachonde:
- 5-6 makilogalamu a humus;
- Magalamu 150 a superphosphate iwiri;
- 50 magalamu a potaziyamu sulphate;
- 200 magalamu a phulusa la nkhuni.
- Thirani chisakanizocho pansi pa dzenjelo, ndipo ikani 10 cm ya dothi losalala pamwamba.
- Ikani chotchinga mozungulira mzere wa rasipiberi. Matabwa, madenga akumva, slate kapena polycarbonate adzachita.
- Chepetsani mizu ya anthu aku Sanzeni mpaka atakhala athanzi. Dulani mphukira. Siyani 35-40 cm.
- Tsitsani chomeracho, yanizani mizu ndikuphimba ndi dothi. Sindikiza kuzungulira tsinde.
- Mukamabzala, kolala ya mizu iyenera kukhala yotalika masentimita 3-4 kuposa nthaka.Nthaka ikadzakhazikika, izikhala pamtunda.
- Akadzabzala rasipiberi, kuthirirani. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika muyezo wa 2-3 m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Mpaka nthaka yadzaza ndi chinyezi.
- Mulch nthaka kuzungulira thunthu. Pachifukwa ichi, humus, peat, utuchi kapena udzu wodulidwa uli woyenera.
Malinga ndi Sobolev
Malinga ndi omwe amalima, kulima tchire tokha rasipiberi mdziko muno pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Sobolev, ndizotheka kukwera mpaka 5 kg ya zipatso kuchokera kuthengo.
Ndiye njira yake ndi iti:
- Kukonzekera mabedi ndi malo obzala. Timasankha malo owala bwino ndikuyika lokwera kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kapena kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo.
- Gwetsani mbali zonse za matabwa kapena muwapange pamtengo. Ndikofunika kuti pakama pakhale masentimita 20 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Kutalika kwa kama ndi mita 1. Kutalika ndikofanana ndi tchire la rasipiberi. Mtunda wapakati pazomera ndi osachepera mita 1. Tchire lomwe simabzalidwa kawirikawiri limawunikiridwa ndikuzimitsidwa. Ndi zabwino kuwayang'anira. Matenda amachepetsedwa. Izi kumawonjezera zokolola za raspberries.
- Raspberries amabzalidwa paphiri kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira.
- Maenje amakumbidwa ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 * 30. Mmodzi m'modzi amabzalidwa.
- Pangani trellises.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mmera umodzi mu dzenje limodzi.... Raspberries akhala akukula m'malo amodzi kwazaka zopitilira 15, chifukwa chake tchire zingapo pamalo amodzi zimasokonezana.
Zipatso za rasipiberi mwa njira iyi zilinso zimatengera kudulira kolondola... M'chaka, raspberries itapereka mphukira zazing'ono, yambani kudulira koyamba.
Chakumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni, dulani pamtunda wa masentimita 80-100 kuchokera pansi. Ndikosavuta kuyang'anira tchire pamtunda uwu. Samatsamira pansi polemera mbewu.
M'chaka chachiwiri, dulani tchire lachiwiri... Mphukira yotsatira iyenera kudulidwa masentimita 10. Ndi kudulira uku, chitsamba chimakhala ngati kamtengo kakang'ono.
Zimapanga mapesi ambiri amaluwa omwe zipatso zake zimamangidwa. Zotsatira zake, zokolola tchire zimawonjezeka.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusiya ana omwe amakula pansi pa tchire zoposa zidutswa 4-5. Ana otsalawo amadulidwa, ndipo otsalawo amazidulira chimodzimodzi ndi tsinde lalikulu.
Malinga ndi njira ya Sobolev ndi bwino kumuika mwana wamphamvu kumalo atsopano, ndikudula mphukira zotsalazo... Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasanduka remontant. Chitsamba chimabala zipatso mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Kuphatikiza pa kudulira, raspberries amafunikiranso chisamaliro choyenera, chomwe chimakhala ndi kuthirira, kudyetsa ndi kukulitsa.
Atapanga bedi malinga ndi njira ya Sobolev, wolima minda sayenera kukumba ndi kumasula nthaka. Rasipiberi ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi, motero payenera kukhala kuthirira kwakanthawi ndipo sikofunikira kulola nthaka kuti iume.
Kuti musunge chinyezi m'nthaka, onjezerani mulch paphiripo. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa ngati mulch... Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza komanso amateteza nthaka kuuma ndi udzu.
Ngati mulibe manyowa, ndiye kuti timaphimba mundawo ndi njira zotsika mtengo. Mzere wa mulch uyenera kukhala osachepera 10 cm.
Ngakhale manyowa m'munda, kusowa kwa michere... Ikhoza kudziwika ndi mtundu wa chomera: mphukira imakhala yopyapyala ndi yofooka, mtundu wa masamba amasintha - amapindika, mawanga amawonekera ndipo m'mbali mwauma.
Pamenepa feteleza wathanzi ayenera kuchitidwa: Donthozani ndi mullein kulowetsedwa kapena poop ya nkhuku ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
Momwe mungapangire kulowetsedwa: sonkhanani ndowe za ng'ombe mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chidebecho ndi kudzazitsa madzi pamwamba pake. Kuumirira masiku awiri.
Pothirira, iyenera kuchepetsedwa m'madzi 1:10. Ndiye kuti, tengani kulowetsedwa kwa 1 litre pachidebe chamadzi, onjezerani kapu ya phulusa. Muziganiza bwino ndikutsanulira raspberries.
Pamaso pogona raspberries m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kudula nthambi zobala zipatso pamizu. Ziphuphu zazing'ono zam'nyengo yapano ziyenera kukhotedwa bwino ndikuthira ndi zikopa.
Tsopano tsekani zimayambira zopindika m'nyengo yozizira. Phimbani ndi nthambi zobatizidwa, ndikuphimba pamwamba ndi nsalu zosaluka, lona kapena chilichonse chomwe chilipo. M'nyengo yozizira, pogona apa pogona adzakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisazizire.
Momwe mungamere raspberries kuchokera ku mbewu
Mitundu yambiri ya raspberries zotheka kukula kuchokera ku mbewu... Njirayi imatenga nthawi, koma yosangalatsa. Nchiyani chofunikira pa izi?
- Gulani mbewu za rasipiberi m'sitolo kapena mutenge zipatso zosapsa zomwe mumakonda.
- Finyani mabulosi kudzera cheesecloth. Zotsatira zake ndi gruel. Timatsuka gruel iyi ndi madzi ndikutsuka nyembazo. Mbeu zopanda kanthu zidzayandama pamwamba. Sizofunikira. Sungani ndi kuyanika zotsalazo.
Mbeu zimatha kubzalidwa panja kapena kumera m'miphika kunyumba.
Kutchire
Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, mu bedi lokonzedwa bwino, Bzalani mbewu mpaka 2 cm... Phimbani ndi humus ndi mchenga kuchokera kumwamba.
Timasiya mbewu m'nyengo yozizira. M'chaka mbewu zimamera. Kusamalidwa kwina monga mwachizolowezi.
M'miphika yamaluwa
Kukula mbande za rasipiberi mumiphika, mbewu ayenera stratified... Kuti muchite izi, ikani nyembazo mu thumba lonyowa mufiriji kwa milungu iwiri.
Mutabzala m'miphika kapena bokosi lapadera. Konzani dziko lapansi lotayirira sakanizani peat ndi nthaka mu chiŵerengero cha 50 * 50.
Kubzala mumiphika mu Marichi: pitani nyembazo pakuya masentimita 0,5, kuthirira masiku atatu alionse. Muyeneranso kuthirira manyowa masiku 10 aliwonse ndi urea.
Mbewuzo zitamera timamera mbande kusanachitike kutentha... Kenako, ikani mbande za rasipiberi pamalo otseguka.
Tsopano mukudziwa za momwe mungamere raspberries m'njira zosiyanasiyanamomwe mungasamalire iye, momwe mungamere raspberries kuchokera ku mbewu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukulitsa zokolola zabwino komanso zokoma za rasipiberi.
Gawani nkhaniyi ndi anzanu, komanso lembetsani ku nkhani zatsopano.