Cherry yakhala ikupambana mitima ya wamaluwa ndi mafani ake. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: wachikaso, choyera, chofiira ndi chakuda.
Mpaka zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zipatso zotsekemera (osati chitumbuwa) zimawerengedwa chikhalidwe chakumwera. Koma chifukwa cha ntchito zofunika za obereketsa, yafalikira kumpoto chakutali.
Tsopano ndizotheka kuziwona pakatikati pa dziko lathu. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikusankha mitundu yoyenera ndikuphunzira momwe mungasamalire bwino. Odyetsa apanga mitundu yambiri yamatcheri yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yozizira chisanu. Kotero, kwa minda ya Central District, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitundu yotsatirayi: Adelina, Veda, Revna, Rechitsa, Ovstuzhenka ndi Leningradskaya wakuda.
Cherry Leningradskaya wakuda
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kufotokozera. Mdima wakuda wa Leningradskaya amadziwika kuti ndi woyamba kukhala wozizira. Mitunduyi idabadwira ku Pavlovsk station yoyesera ya VIR mumzinda wa St. Petersburg.
Zipatso zakuda za Leningrad ndizazikulu, maroon zamtundu, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu asanu. Chipatsocho chimakhala chowoneka ngati mtima. Kukoma kwawo ndi kokoma, koma kowawa pang'ono.
Ndi chisamaliro chokwanira komanso malo abwino okula, mbeu yoyamba imakololedwa chaka chachitatu mutabzala.
Nthawi zina, zipatso zimangokololedwa mchaka chachisanu cha moyo. Mbewuzo zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka komanso nthawi yayitali pamtengo.
Kuti mutenge zokolola zabwino kuchokera ku chitumbuwa chokoma, ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo amdima.
Tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matcheri:
- Choyamba, makoswe amaopseza mitundu iyi. Amakumba ziboo kumizu ndi kuziluma. Muyenera kuyang'anira nthaka pafupi ndi mtengowo ndikugwiritsa ntchito owopsa.
- Mbalame ndi adani a zokolola zokoma za chitumbuwa. Kuti muteteze zipatso ku mbalame, muyenera kuphimba korona ndi ukonde wapadera kumapeto kwa maluwa.
Cherry Leningradskaya wakuda amakonda kuthirira pang'ono. Nthawi yamchiberekero komanso kutentha kwambiri, imathiriridwa m'mawa kwambiri komanso madzulo dzuwa litalowa.
Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuthirira kumatheka kokha m'mawa, koma kuyenera kukhala kochuluka. Kuti chitumbuwa chokoma chikhalebe m'nyengo yozizira, nthambi ziyenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, thunthu ndi nthambi zotsika zimayenera kuyeretsedwa, chifukwa chake mtengowo ungapulumutsidwe ku tizilombo.
Ovstuzhenka zosiyanasiyana
Mitengo yamatcheri yotsekemera Ovstuzhenka idapangidwa ku All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine pophatikiza mitundu ya Compact Venyaminova ndi Leningradskaya Black. Kulemba kwake ndi kwa M.V. Kanshina.
Kukhwima koyambirira kwamatcheri ndikotsika pang'ono. Zokolola zambiri zimawonedwa pambuyo pa zaka 4-5 za kukula kwa mitengo, koma chomera cha zaka makumi anayi chimatha kubala zipatso.
Zipatso za mitunduyi ndizokwera, zolemera kuchokera ku 4.2 g. Mtundu wawo ndi wofiira kwambiri, ndiwokoma komanso wowutsa mudyo, ndipo mphamvu zawo zimasandutsa machiritso. Koma popeza zipatso za Ovstuzhenka ndizoyamba kupsa m'minda, zimakopa mbalame ndi tizirombo ta m'munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Njenjete imalowa mkati mwa chipatso ndikudya zamkati, ndipo mabulosi ofota amakhala osasangalatsa. Pofuna kudzitchinjiriza ku mbalame, ukonde umayikidwa pa chisoti cha mtengo nthawi yobala zipatso.
Mukatola chipatso, phesi silimang'ambika, chifukwa zinthu zofunikira zimasowa ndi madzi otulutsidwa. Mwa mavitamini 25 ofunikira thupi la munthu, yamatcheri okoma amakhala ndi 10.
Malangizo pakukula Ovstuzhenka:
- Mbande ziyenera kugulidwa kuchokera ku nazale kapena sitolo yapadera. Funsani za mtundu wa chitsa. Mizu yazimbewu imakonda. Chitumbuwa chimakula ndikulimba. Ndi bwino kugula mbande kugwa, chifukwa padzakhala chisankho chachikulu panthawiyi. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umayikidwa mu ngalande yosaya. Mtengo umayikidwa pangodya, ndipo mizu yake imakutidwa ndi nthaka.
- Kubzala kumalimbikitsidwa masika, nthaka yadothi itasungunuka. Dzenjelo limakonzedwa chisanu kuzizira. Mitengo yaying'ono yomwe idabzalidwa nthawi yophukira imamwalira nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mizu yosalimba, ndipo mitengo yomwe yauma m'nyengo yozizira imalepheretsa kukula kwawo.
Zosiyanasiyana Veda
Mitundu yamatcheri a Veda idapangidwa ku All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine.
Zipatso zamitunduyi ndizapakatikati, zokulirapo, zokulirapo, zooneka ngati mtima, zolemera pafupifupi 5.1 g. The peduncle ndi sing'anga, popanda kuyeserera imasiyana ndi nthambi. Mtundu wa zipatsozo ndi wofiira kwambiri. Peel yamatcheri okoma ndi ofewa. Mnofu wawo ndi wofiyira wakuda, wofewa komanso wowutsa mudyo. Zokolola za Veda zosiyanasiyana zimafika 77 c / ha.
Chitumbuwa ichi chimakonda nthaka yachonde yowala komanso yapakatikati ya loamy osalowerera chilengedwe. Amakonda chinyezi, koma salola kuti madzi aziyenda.
Mitundu ya Veda imatsutsana bwino ndi chilengedwe komanso matenda osiyanasiyana, monga coccomycosis. Komanso, Veda imalekerera kuzizira kwachisanu popanda zovuta.
Adelina
Mitundu ya Adelina idapangidwa ku All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants. Anapezeka pophatikiza mitundu: Slava Zhukova ndi Valery Chkalov.
Nthawi yakucha kwa Adeline imayamba pakati chilimwe, nthawi yobala zipatso imachitika mchaka chachinayi mutabzala.
Kulemera kwa yamatcheri kumafika 5.5-6.0 g. Amakhala owoneka ngati mtima, ofiira mdima. Zamkati ndi zofiira kwambiri, zazing'ono kwambiri. Zipatso zimachotsedwa mosavuta kuchokera ku phesi.
Mitunduyi imadziwika ndikuchulukirachulukira nthawi yachisanu ndipo imatha kulimbana ndi matenda monga coccomycosis ndi moniliosis.
Kufika kwa Adeline kumayamba posankha tsamba lomwe liyenera kutsekedwa kuchokera kumphepo yakumpoto. Yankho labwino kwambiri lidzakhala lofatsa, kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo chakumadzulo, komanso malo omwe ali kumwera kwa nyumba. Tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga phiri laling'ono, ndikukweza nthaka ndi 0,5 m.
Mitengo yaying'ono imabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika masamba asanakwane, koma kukonzekera kubzala kumachitika m'dzinja.
Rechitsa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Rechitsa idasankhidwa kuti ikhale yolembapo kuchokera ku mbande za Bryansk pinki yamatcheri. Idafalikira ku All-Russian Research Institute ya Lupina M.V. Kanshina.
Kulemera kwake kwa chipatso ndi 4.9 g, kulemera kwakukulu kumafika 5.8 g.Matcheri otsekemera ndi ozungulira, okhala ndi faneli wamba. Mtundu wa zipatsozo umakhala wakuda, pomwe zamkati ndi madzi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri. Peduncle awo ndi aatali osati okhwima kwambiri. Zamkati zimakhala zokoma kwambiri komanso zokoma.
Zipatso zimapezeka pamtengo kwa zaka 5. Zokolola zochepa ndi 82 c / ha, zazikulu kwambiri ndi 146 c / ha. Zima zolimba za zipatso zokoma za chitumbuwa ndi maluwa ndizokwera. Mitundu ya Rechitsa imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a mafangasi.
Cherry Revna
Revna ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa Bryanskaya Rozovaya zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mbande zomwe zosiyanasiyana, zozizwitsa pamakhalidwe ake, zidapangidwa.
Cherries ndi apakati kukula. Amalemera pafupifupi 4.7 g, ndipo lalikulu kwambiri ndi magalamu 7.7. Mawonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira kwambiri, ndi felemu lokulirapo komanso pamwamba pake pozungulira. Khungu lawo ndilolimba kwambiri. Mitengoyi imakhala yofiira kwambiri, ndipo imawapangitsa kukhala akuda nthawi yakutha komanso yogula.
Kuti Revna imange mizu moyenera, imabzalidwa mchaka. Kubzala kumachitika patadutsa masiku ochepa dothi lisungunuke.
Mukamabzala, amagwiritsa ntchito malo otsetsereka akumwera, pomwe mpweya wozizira ulibe mwayi wokhazikika. Kuti chitukuko chamatcheri chitukuke bwino, ndikofunikira kuti kuwala kadzuwa kambiri kugwere pa chomeracho. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali yakumwera kwa dimba, osaphimbidwa ndi nyumba ndi mitengo ina, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yobzala.
Cherry Revna satengeka ndi matenda a fungal. Komabe, ngati mitengo ina ikukula pamalopo ndipo chaka sichabwino kwenikweni kulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana, mtengo uliwonse ukhoza kudwala. Kenako muyenera kusamalira chomeracho ndi zipatso zamiyala. Kupopera mbewu kumachitika maluwa asanayambe maluwa, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, mtengowo utatha.
Ngati tizirombo tazindikiridwa pa thunthu, masamba kapena zipatso, ndiye kuti njira yothanirana ndi mavutowo iyenera kusankhidwa kuti isachiritse mtengo wamwalawo ndi poizoni wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Vasilisa
Zosiyanasiyana Vasilisa anabadwira mu nthambi ya Donetsk ya Institute of Horticulture ya UAAS LI Taranenko chifukwa chophatikiza mitundu ya malasha a Donetsk ndi kukongola kwa Donetsk.
Mitengoyi ikukula msanga, imabweretsa zokolola zambiri. Zipatso za Vasilisa ndizokulirapo, zamkati wandiweyani, zolemera 12.5 g, mtundu wofiira, wozungulira, wosangalatsa kukoma. Nthawi yakucha yamatcheri ndiyambiri.
Vasilisa amabzalidwa pa dothi loamy lokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Sikoyenera kuyika mtengowo panthaka yamiyala, chifukwa ndi youma komanso siyabwino kwenikweni kulima yamatcheri. Tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitengo yaying'ono nthawi yophukira. Chisanu chisanayambe, mizu ya chitumbuwa imatha kuzika mizu.
Mitundu yamatcheri otsekemera amtundu uliwonse pamwambapa ndiabwino kwambiri pamunda uliwonse. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zipatso zazikulu ndi mitengo yathanzi sizinthu zabwino zokha zamtundu wina, komanso chifukwa chantchito yovuta ya wamaluwa weniweni.