Nthawi zambiri, pakukula adyo, umisiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito womwe umapereka kubzala nyengo yachisanu isanafike. Koma zokolola sizimakwaniritsa zoyembekezera nthawi zonse, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi nyambo. Chikhalidwe, ngakhale chimaonedwa kuti ndi chopanda ulemu, chimafuna chisamaliro, makamaka pankhani za umuna kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, poyembekezera nyengo yakukula. Muyenera kudziwa momwe mungadyetse masamba masika, obzalidwa nthawi yozizira isanachitike.
Kuphatikiza pa chemistry, mutha kuthira adyo yozizira ndi mankhwala azitsamba - yisiti, zitosi za nkhuku, ndi zina zambiri. Masika ndi dzinja adyo amafunika kudyetsedwa mosiyanasiyana kutchire. Komanso mbande mu Meyi ndi Epulo ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Kodi mukufunikira kudyetsa adyo wobzalidwa nthawi yozizira isanafike
Garlic atadzuka imasowa choyambitsa chabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zazing'ono zizilimba ndikulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Nyengo yokula panthaka yathanzi yodzaza ndi zinthu zina zofunikira pazomera zimapitilira mwachangu, zomwe zimatsimikizira zokolola zambiri.
Chikhalidwe chodzikongoletsa bwino chimakula bwino, chifukwa chikacha, chimasankha m'nthaka michere yonse yofunikira pazomera wamba.
Pamalo owonongedwa, sizingatheke kusonkhanitsa mbewu zamtengo wapatali ngati simuthirira ndi zovala zapamwamba ndikuzithira manyowa moyenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pazotheka zidzatheka kukumba mitu yaying'ono ndi mano ang'onoang'ono pansi. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kosakulirakulira, zipatsozo sizimakonda kwenikweni.
Nyambo yachisanu imadziwika ndikukhazikitsa kukula kwazomera, chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni... Komanso pakukula kwa masamba, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zimafunikira. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zakuthupi kapena mchere kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha adyo ku matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka mafangasi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo zimakhudza, choyamba, zofooka mphukira, chifukwa chake simuyenera kunyalanyaza dongosolo lokonzekera mabedi.
Pazothandiza zonse za feteleza, sayenera kuzunzidwa... Zakudya zochulukirapo zimakulitsa kukula kwa nsonga, pomwe mituyo ndi yaying'ono kukula kochepa.
Zomwe zitha kudyetsedwa masika
Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza, kuvala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polima adyo. Kuti akufunika chomera chokha chimalimbikitsa.
Mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kukhala zachikasu kapena zotayirira. Ndikofunika kuphunzira mosamala zizindikirazo, chifukwa zizindikiro zosowa zazinthu zina nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana ndi nematode ndi matenda ena.
Masika, wamaluwa amadyetsa adyo katatu... Njira yoyamba imachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chikasungunuka. Pakadali pano, chomeracho chikukumana ndi kuchepa kwa mchere wofunikira nyengo yokula. Chakudya chachiwiri chowonjezera chikuyenera kuyambitsidwa pasanadutse milungu iwiri.
Nthawi yeniyeni komanso kapangidwe kake kazakudya kameneka kamatsimikizika kutengera kukula kwa kapangidwe ka mbewu ndi mawonekedwe.
- Mabedi omwe ali ndi mbewu zomwe zikufa amafota ammonium nitrate.
- Mukamayala nthenga, gwiritsani ntchito nyambo za potashi... Fukani phulusa la nkhuni panthaka musanathirire.
- Amadyera kutembenukira chikasu chifukwa acidity m'nthaka. Zikatero, nthaka imapindula musanadzalemo. ufa wa dolomite kapena miyala yamiyala yosweka.
- Kukula pang'ono kubiriwira kumawonetsa kuchepa kwa zakudya. Monga chovala chapamwamba, zothetsera zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kutengera urea (1 tbsp. L. Pa ndowa yamadzi), mullein (1 chikho pa 10 l madzi) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1 tbsp. Pa chidebe chamadzi).
Phulusa la nkhuni la adyo ndi njira yothanirana ndi matenda komanso gwero la chakudya.
Nthawi yothira zipatso zabwino
Chofunikira pakukula mitundu yachisanu ya adyo ndi feteleza nthaka isanadzalemo... Ntchito yogwirira masika pamabedi imadalira mtundu wa ntchito yokonzekera.
- Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, mutha kukonzekera nyambo yanu yoyamba. Nthawi imeneyi imapezeka m'chigawo chilichonse munthawi zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'ana kukhazikika kwamasana.
- Gawo lachiwiri lokhathamiritsa nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza limachitika milungu iwiri mutangodya koyamba. Pakukhwima, mizu imakoka michere yonse m'nthaka, motero sikoyenera kusunthira nthawi yoyambira feteleza.
- Nyambo yachitatu (pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni) imagwera nthawi yopanga mutu, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mukolole bwino.
- Zinyambo zowonjezera zimayambitsidwa pokhapokha ngati pali zizindikilo zakusowa kwa micronutrient pachomera.
Njira yachitatu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa pakupanga mutu. Ngati ndondomekoyi ikuchitika kale kuposa pakati pa Juni, ndiye kuti zinthu zonse zofufuzira zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa nthenga ndi mivi.
Zomwe mungadyetse kutchire
Musanadzalemo adyo (kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri) kugwa, dothi limadzaza ndi chophatikiza cha michere, chomwe chimakhala ndi organic kapena feteleza wamafuta.
Feteleza organic ndi mankhwala wowerengeka
Chomeracho chimakondwera kwambiri ndi feteleza, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa humus m'nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, panthaka yomwe sinatheretu, feteleza m'modzi, koma wokwanira kugwa ndikokwanira kupereka chikhalidwe m'nthawi yokula ndi zida zonse zofunikira.
Chimodzi mwazovala zotchuka chimaganiziridwa manyowa... Amwazika pakama ndikukumba mosamala. Alimi ena amalima chonde ndi manyowa atsopano, koma akatswiri amalangiza kuti musagwiritse ntchito njirayi. Komanso samalani kugwiritsa ntchito ndowe za nkhuku zambiri, zimatha kuwotcha mphukira.
Pofika masika, kuyenera kuchitidwa zoyeserera kukulitsa chikhalidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, yankho lakonzedwa kuchokera kumagawo 7 amadzi ndi gawo limodzi la mullein. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimatsanulidwa pamabedi, kuyesera kuti isakhudze masamba omwe apita.
Yoyenera kukhathamiritsa nthaka manyowa... Chilichonse chidzagwira ntchito, koma adyo amayankha bwino feteleza kuchokera kuzotaya chakudya.
Zakudya zina zowonjezera zomwe zimayesedwa kwakanthawi ndizo:
- phulusa la nkhuni (lowazidwa pakati pa mabedi kapena kuthiriridwa ndi yankho potengera madzi 10 malita ndi phulusa 200 gr.);
- mchere (wothira ndi yankho lokonzedwa m'madzi malita 10 ndi supuni 3 za mchere);
- ammonia (perekani mbewu ndi kapangidwe kake kogwiritsa ntchito 25 ml ya ammonia ndi chidebe chamadzi).
Mchere
Manyowa opangidwa ndi mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha komanso kuphatikiza ndi organic.
Monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, madera ambiri amachepa kwambiri pakuzunzidwa kwapachaka.
Sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka kubwereranso muyeso wa michere ndi zinthu zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso chinthu china chomwe chimakhudza zokololazo - nyengo zamderali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo zimadalira kukula kwa nthaka, chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse, muyenera kuwerengera palokha.
Odziwika kwambiri ndi mavalidwe amchere otsatirawa:
- urea (1 tbsp. pa 10 malita a madzi);
- nitroammofoska (60 g pa 10 malita a madzi);
- superphosphate (50-60 gr. chidebe chamadzi);
- urea (1 tbsp. mumtsuko wa madzi);
- nitrophoska (2 tbsp. pachidebe chamadzi).
Zina mwazigawo ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kuti mupeze njira yothandiza kwambiri... Mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni amene amalowetsedwa m'nthaka limodzi ndi phosphorous (kuchuluka kwake 1: 1.5) amalimbikitsa kukulitsa malo obiriwira komanso kudzikundikira kwa michere pamutu.
Pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula, nkoyenera kuwaza mabediwo ndi chisakanizo chouma, chomwe chimaphatikizapo: nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu (kuchuluka kwa 8:15:35).
Pozindikira kuchuluka ndi kapangidwe ka feteleza, zinthu zofunika kuzilingalira ndi izi:
- kukula kwa nthaka, acidity;
- nyengo (mvula, mwayi wa chisanu);
- kuwunikira m'dera;
- Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zidalima adyo asanakwane (ayenera kupatsidwa kwa omwe adalipo kale monga zukini, tirigu, sikwashi);
- mawonekedwe azomera zosiyanasiyana (nthawi yakucha, nyengo yakukula bwino).
Njira yodyetsa adyo
Garlic wobzalidwa nthawi yozizira isanapange mphukira yake yoyamba masika. Pofuna kuti masamba asamayende bwino mchilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukonze ndikuwonetsa mavalidwe abwino katatu... Ndondomekoyi imapangidwa potsatira malamulo awa.
- Chinyezi chochuluka cha chikhalidwe choyambirira chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chowopsa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chakudya choyamba chothandizira kuphatikiza ndi njira yothirira... Urea kapena carbomide ndiyabwino kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mphukira. Pofuna kukonzekera yankho, ndikwanira kuchepetsa supuni ya feteleza mu malita 10 a madzi.
- Dyetsani mbewu kachiwiri 2 masabata pambuyo pa ndondomeko yoyamba... Monga yankho logwira ntchito, madzi (9 l) ndi supuni 2 zosakwanira za nitrophoska kapena nitroammophoska zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa umuna pamabedi ndi malita 4 pa 1 m2.
- Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mitu, chifukwa chake, chimayambitsidwa pakupanga mbewu za muzu - kumapeto kwa Juni. Superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya (supuni 2 za mankhwala amatengedwa kwa malita 10 a madzi). Kuchuluka kwa mowa ndi malita 4-5 pa 1 m2.
Monga chakudya chowonjezera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera mphukira zazing'ono ndi nyimbo zapadera.
Njirayi imatanthawuza kudyetsa kwa masamba, chifukwa chake, pokonzekera chinthu kuchokera kuzinthu zamchere, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa mowa iyenera kuchepetsedwa... Kupopera mbewu nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira mabedi nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi pachitsamba sikuyenera kusintha chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito yankho lapadera.
Zomwe feteleza siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza
Kulemeretsa dothi kuti likhale lokhwima bwino sizitanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse. Mbewu iliyonse imayankha bwino mtundu wina wa feteleza kapena wina.
Kotero adyo amavomereza bwino zinthu zakuthupi, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuthana ndi manyowa atsopano. Chifukwa chake, misa yovunda imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa feteleza.
Odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa phatikizani zakudya zamagulu ndi mchere... Mosiyana ndi izi, kuchokera pakuwonjezera kwa humus wachilengedwe, zomwe zimabzalidwa zidzaola m'nthaka, kapena mbewu sizingasiyane nthawi yayitali.
Posankha nyambo zamchere, muyenera kulabadira nthawi yomwe agwiritsa ntchito. Zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni ndizoyenera pokhapokha pakukula kwa nthenga. Zakudya zotere sizingakhale zoyenera panthawi yopanga mutu.
Kugwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka nyambo ndi kuchuluka kwa zakumwa kumatsimikizira kulandidwa kwa mbewu zazikulu. Ndipo mbewu zomwe zakula nthawi yonse yozizira zimakwaniritsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zonunkhira komanso kukoma, ndikulimbana ndi mabakiteriya.