Amaluwa ambiri amateur amayanjanitsa kumera koyipa ndi mbeuyo. Zowonadi izi, zimatha kukhudza kumera kwa mbewu, koma nthawi zambiri vuto limakhala kukonzekera kosayenera ndi kufesa. Kumera chivwende kapena mavwende si kovuta, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulowo. Musanadzalemo, muyenera kuthira mbewu mnyumba moyenera kuti zizimera bwino.
Kodi ndizovuta kumera nthangala za mavwende zobzala?
Kumera mbewu si kovuta komanso kochedwetsa nthawi. Zimangotenga kutsatira luso komanso kutsatira zina zomwe zimalimbikitsa kumera mwachangu. Kenako kuchokera ku nthanga zazing'ono mmera wamphamvu umakula, wogonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yodabwitsa.
Momwe mungamere nthangala za mavwende
Choyamba, mbewu ziyenera kukonzekera. Njirayi ili ndi izi:
- kuwerengetsa - kusanja magulu ndi kukula kwa yunifolomu chitukuko cha mphukira;
- kuphwanya - kuchotsa kwa gawo la mphuno ya mbewu pa emery kuti mapangidwe aphukira mwachangu;
- kutentha - kukhudzana ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumathandizira njira zamagetsi komanso kumathandizira kukula kwa mphukira (kutentha kwa madzi - madigiri 50, nthawi yogwira - mphindi 30);
- kupha tizilombo - chiwonongeko cha mabakiteriya owopsa ndi tizilombo.
Magawo onse, kupatula kufooka, ndiwofunikira.
Sizingatheke kuwononga nyembazo panthawi yolima mavwende. Ndipo pang'onong'ono, ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti isawononge mbeu kwambiri.
Gawo lomaliza lokonzekera kubwera limaganiziridwa akunyowa pophukira... Izi sizimachitikanso nthawi zonse ndi wamaluwa, koma eni ake aminda yaying'ono amagwiritsa ntchito.
Njirayi ndiyosavuta - muyenera kukulunga nyemba mu nsalu yonyowa ndikukhala kwa masiku angapo mpaka mphukira zitayamba. Ndikofunika kuti nkhaniyo nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa.
Mbande zimakula m'mitsuko, mozama 12-14 masentimita, chidebe m'mimba mwake 10-12 masentimita... Izi zimatha kukhala miphika yamaluwa. Chisakanizo cha humus-peat, chokonzedwa mofanana, kapena gawo limodzi la magawo atatu a humus ndi gawo limodzi la dothi la sod limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi.
Chivwende kondani nthaka yathanzi, choncho, superphosphate (supuni ya tiyi) kapena phulusa la nkhuni (supuni 2) pa 1 kg ya nthaka iyenera kuwonjezeredwa mu chisakanizocho.
Mbeu ziwiri zimayikidwa m'mphika umodzi ndi 3 cm. Pambuyo kumera, mphukira imodzi (yofooka) idzachotsedwa.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zabwino kwambiri kumera kwa mbewu:
- kutentha mpaka kutuluka kwa mphukira kuli mpaka madigiri 30, masiku 2-4 otsatira madigiriwo amatsikira mpaka 18, pambuyo poti usiku usunge mbewu imasungidwa madigiri 18, masana - madigiri 20-25;
- kuyatsa bwino;
- mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse, koma palibe ma drafts;
- masabata awiri aliwonse zakudya zowonjezera (mullein + madzi, mullein + madzi + superphosphate + ammonium sulphate + potaziyamu sulphate).
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikutsatira ukadaulo, mphukira zidzawonekera Masiku 6-7 mutabzala... Ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi, mbande zimabzalidwa pamabedi.
Kukonzekera bwino, kumera ndi kufesa mbewu za zukini kwa mbande
Kuti mupeze mbande zomwe zikukula bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zimere mbewu m'malo otenthetsa kapena kunyumba pawindo musanadzalemo mbande pamalo otseguka. Muyenera kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndikusankha mbeu, kuchotsa mbewu zonse zowonongeka ndi zopunduka.
Pali njira zambiri zokonzera mbewu, imodzi mwazomwe zimaphatikizapo kutentha... Izi zitha kuchitika ndi madzi otentha (madigiri 50-55) ndi ma thermos. Kwa maola 4, mbewu imakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Njira ina ndikutenthetsa nkhaniyo Dzuwa kwa masiku 6-7... Kukonzekera kotere kumathandizira njira zamagetsi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumera kumabwera mwachangu kuposa masiku onse.
Ngati mukufuna kubzala panthaka, ndiye kuti zinthuzo ziyenera kuumitsidwa. Pachifukwachi, mbewu zimayikidwa pashelefu yakumunsi kwa firiji masiku awiri. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyanitsira: sungani zukini kwa maola 10 kutentha kwa madigiri 20-22, maola 16 mufiriji pakhomo.
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti mufufuze nyemba kuti zimere miyezi 1-2 musanafese. Izi zidzasunga nthawi ndikupanga mwayi wosintha zinthu zotsika kwambiri ndi zina.
Kubzala zukini kwa mbande kumachitika mumiphika kapena makapu opanda pansi. Chitani bwino mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi... Mitundu yokonzekera (10x10 cm) imadzazidwa ndi peat, humus, utuchi wofanana ndi 5: 4: 1. 5 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi masupuni 2-3 a phulusa la nkhuni amawonjezeredwa ku chidebe cha chisakanizo.
Mkhalidwe woyenera wokula mbande za m'mongo:
- kutentha kumakhalira kumera - madigiri 18-25, pambuyo pa madigiri 12-14 usiku, madigiri 16-20 masana;
- musanatsike masiku ochepa kutentha kwa usiku ndi usana kwezani ndi madigiri 2-4; v
- imwani mitsuko kamodzi pamasiku asanu ndi madzi ofunda (osachepera 25 °), musanadzalemo, thirirani masiku awiri ndi madzi osachepera 30 °;
- yambitsani zakudya zowonjezera kawiri, woyamba - sabata kutuluka kwa mphukira (kwa 1 litre la madzi supuni 0,5 ya urea), wachiwiri - sabata litatha umuna woyamba (kwa madzi okwanira 1 litre supuni 1 ya nitrophosphate).
Ngati teknoloji ikutsatiridwa, mphukira zoyamba m'miphika zimawonekera Masiku 4-5 mutabzala... Pamalo otseguka, mbande zimasindikizidwa pambuyo pokhazikitsa masamba 2-3.
Kunyalanyaza kayendedwe ka kutentha mukamamera mbande kumabweretsa kuphwanya, kumawonjezera kupulumuka mutabzala pansi, ndikuchepetsa zokolola.
Momwe mungamere mbewu zamatumba kunyumba
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu zamatungu kuti kumere kumayamba ndikuwunika. Zitsanzo zazikulu zokha zokha ndizomwe zimasankhidwa pazinthu zonse zobzala.
Kuti imathandizira kumera kwawo anayikidwa mu thermos ndi madzi otentha (50-55 madigiri) kwa maola awiri. Kusamba kotere kumapangitsa njira zonse zakuthupi, zomwe zimawonjezera kameredwe ndi nthawi yakukula kwa mphukira.
Osakakamizidwa, koma njira yofunikira imalingaliridwa kuumitsa... Mukamaliza kukulunga nyembazo ndi nsalu yonyowa, siyani pansi pa firiji (tebulo la masamba) kwa masiku 3-4. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolimba yosiyanitsa: sungani zinthuzo kwa maola 10 kutentha, maola 14 mufiriji.
Kukula mbande kumakupatsani mwayi wokolola msanga.
Njira zaumisiri zimapereka izi:
- nyembazo zimakulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndipo okalamba masiku 2-3 mphukira isanawonekere pa spout;
- nyembazo zimayikidwa mu piritsi ndikuzinyowa;
- pamagawo, mabokosi kapena miphika yamaluwa 10x10x10 masentimita amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthaka yopepuka imatsanuliramo ndipo pulogalamu ya peat imayikidwa;
- kutentha kusanachitike - mpaka madigiri 23 masana, mpaka madigiri 14usiku, pakamera mphukira, boma limatsitsidwa ndi madigiri angapo;
- Pambuyo pa masabata 1.5-2, mbande zimatha kuyikidwa mchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 22-24 masana, madigiri 14-17 usiku;
- kuthirira miphika pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi (Kamodzi pamlungu);
- patatha sabata umodzi mutamera, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi nitrophos, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi (15 g pa 10 l).
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbande zimawoneka Masiku 4-5 mutabzala... Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, mbande zimatha kutumizidwa kumtunda ngati nyengo ili yabwino.
Nanga bwanji ngati mbewu sizimera?
Kumera kwa mbewu kuyenera kufufuzidwa asanayambe kutsika iwo ngati mbande kapena panja. Izi zimachitika kuti ogulitsa osakhulupirika amagulitsa zinthu zakale kapena zotsika mtengo, ndichifukwa chake mbewu zimamera nthawi yayitali.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zakusapezeka kwa mphukira kuchokera mphuno za mbewu ndi osagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka kutentha ndi kukonza ndi kuthirira... Chifukwa chake, malangizowo ayenera kuganiziridwa mosamala.
Ngati nyembazo zasankhidwa mosamala ndikudutsa magawo onse okonzekera kufesa, ndipo kumera sikukuchitika, alimi odziwa ntchito amalangiza kuwonjezera michere m'madzi yomwe imathandizira kukula ikamakhuta.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kaye kutenthetsa zakudyazo, kuzigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pokhapokha titazilowetsa munjira yowonjezerapo feteleza wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mulinso: boron, mkuwa, magnesium, iron, zinc, cobalt ndi zinthu zina zambiri zothandiza kuzomera.
Zakudya zamchere zimasungunuka m'madzi ofunda (35-40 madigiri), nyembazo zimamizidwa madziwo atakhazikika mpaka madigiri 20-22. Sipofunika kutsuka mbewuzo pambuyo poti zithetse, ndikwanira kungowumitsa pansi pazachilengedwe (kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera sikupezeka).
Njira zina zofulumizitsira kameredwe kambewu ndi monga:
- kulowetsa potaziyamu permanganate, boric acid;
- kukalamba mu yankho la madzi ndi phulusa (1 litre supuni 2);
- chithandizo chopangidwa ndi nitrophoska (supuni 1 ya feteleza pa madzi okwanira 1 litre);
- ndikuviika ndi Kalanchoe, madzi a aloe.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa kukula ndi mankhwala amakono:
- Potaziyamu humate;
- Zircon;
- Novosil;
- Epin, Epin-owonjezera.
Malamulo obzala mbewu ndiosavuta kumva. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zokulitsa mavwende ndikukolola bwino.