Kumquat adawonekera m'mashelufu m'masitolo aku Russia posachedwapa. Ndi chipatso chowala cha lalanje. Ndi za banja la zipatso. Ponena za kukoma ndi kupindulitsa, chipatso cha chipatso chodabwitsa ichi sichotsika kuposa zipatso zilizonse.
Mtengo wa kumquat umakhala wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Imafikira osapitilira mita ziwiri kutalika. Ndipo ngati mutadula nthawi, mtengowo umakula mpaka mbali ndikuwoneka ngati shrub. Kutalika kwa mtengo kumadaliranso ndi kukula kwa mphika womwe udabzalidwako..
Popeza mwapereka zofunikira, ndizotheka kukulira kumquat kunyumba. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri zakukula kwa chomera chachilendo kunyumba.
M'madera omwe Kumquat amakula
Chipatso ichi chinayamba kulima ku China. Tsopano yakula ku Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe ndi United States.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, sizinatheke kulima kumquats kumadera ozizira. Njerezo zinali zovuta kumera, ndipo ngati izi zitachitika, zidutswazo zinafa chifukwa cha mizu yofooka. Zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa kubzala kwa chomerachi chifukwa cholozetsa chabe. MUmtengo wamtengo wa kumquat wazika pamodzi mwa zipatso zosapsa ndi zipatso za zipatso - masamba atatu a poncirus... Pambuyo pake, kumquat idapulumuka ngakhale kutentha kwa -18 ℃.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kukoma kwa zipatso zokulira m'malo ozizira sikokoma ngati ku China.
Tsopano chipatso chachilendo ichi chimakula mu Krasnodar Territory, Crimea, Ukraine.
Kudera la Moscow ndi Central Russia, kumquat imatha kulimidwa kunyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha... Komabe, ngakhale kumwera, simabzalidwa kawirikawiri pansi, posankha "chisamaliro chapanyumba".
Zofunikira mdera lamatawuni
Dera lakumatawuni komwe akukonzekera kulima Kumquat liyenera kuyatsa bwino.
Tetezani chomeracho ku dzuwa padzuwa lotentha. Ndikofunika kupereka kuwala kosiyanasiyana. Kupanda kutero, kunyezimira kwadzuwa kumatha kupangitsa mtengo kukhetsa masamba ake ambiri.
Mtengo wa kumquat umakonda chinyezi chowongolera mozungulira... Pofuna kuthirira chomerachi moyenera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitha kuthirira madzi munyumba yachilimwe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho chimatha kufa ngati chadzazidwa ndi madzi.
Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kotsika kapena pang'ono, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira chomeracho masiku aliwonse 2-3, kapena kangapo... Nthawi yotentha (+ 20-25 ° C), kuthirira mtengo tsiku lililonse.
Kuchokera pakusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, mtengo umatha kuthira masamba ake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupereka zinthu ku kanyumba kanyengo kotentha kuti tipewe kutentha.
Mtengo umasangalala ngati utathiriridwa ndi madzi otenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kukoka madzi mumphika wachitsulo, mulole kuti ukhazikike ndikutentha padzuwa. Ndiye ntchito kuthirira mbewu.
Ponena za nthaka yobzala mtengo uwu, mutha kugula nthaka yomwe idapangidwa kuti imere zipatso za zipatso. Komanso mutha kuphika dothi lapadera nokha... Ndikofunika kusakaniza nthaka ya sod, nthaka yachonde yachonde, manyowa ovunda, kapena tsamba la humus ndi mchenga.
Ndi nyengo yanji komanso njira ziti zomwe tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala ndikufalitsa mtengo wa Kumquat
Kumquat itha kubzalidwa kuchokera ku mbewu. Kwa izi, zipatso zakupsa zimasankhidwa. Mbewu zimachotsedwa mmenemo. Ndipo zilowerere muzochititsa chidwi zilizonse zokula. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mozama masentimita 1.5-2 m'miphika mpaka 8 cm m'mimba mwake... Phimbani mphikawo ndi kukulunga pulasitiki ndikusiya pamalo otentha. Mphukira zoyamba zimatha kuyembekezeredwa masiku 35-40 mutabzala.
Ndipo chipatso ichi chimafalikira ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- Kudzera katemera
- Mwa kudula
- Zigawo
Alimi odziwa bwino zipatso amakonda kufalitsa ndi kudula kapena kudula.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala kumquat ndi cuttings ndi Epulo... Mtengo wobzalidwa nthawi ino ya chaka umazika mizu bwino ndikulimba msanga.
Zochekera kubzala ziyenera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira isanafike. Osachepera masamba atatu asiyidwa pa iwo. Dulani cuttings 0,5 masentimita m'munsimu mphukira yotsiriza perpendicularly. Chodula chapamwamba chimapangidwa kukhala chokwanira 1 cm kuposa impso. Kuti kudula kudule mizu, imabzalidwa panthaka yokonzedweratu ya zipatso za zipatso, mpaka 1.5-2 masentimita ndikuphimba ndi botolo lagalasi. Ndikofunika kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso kuthirira mokwanira.
Pofalitsa mitengo ndikukhazikika, nyengo yachisanu imasankhidwanso.... Kuti muchite izi, tengani mphukira zapachaka 20 cm kutalika ndi 0,5 cm masentimita.Pa kutalika kwa masentimita 10, makeke awiri amapangidwa pamakungwa a mphukira masentimita 1. Chotsani khungwa ndikuchotsa masambawo kutalika kwa masentimita 5. Thumba lapulasitiki lomwe lili ndi dziko lapansi lamangirizidwa ku gawo ili la mphukira.
Kuti cuttings izike mofulumira, nthaka iyenera kuthirizidwa nthawi zonse.
Makhalidwe okula ndi chisamaliro
Mtengo wa kumquat umafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse ndikupopera madzi otentha, okhazikika. Ngati izi sizinachitike, chomeracho chimatha kudwala kapena kufa ndi tizirombo tambiri.
Pofuna kuti kumquat ikule mofanana, wamaluwa amatembenuza mphikawo ndi mtengo wozungulira nkhwangwa ndi madigiri 10 masiku 8-9 onse.
M'nyengo yotentha, mtengowo umasungidwa mumthunzi pang'ono. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, m'masiku ovuta, kuyatsa kwina kumafunika.
Ndikofunika kuthirira mtengo katatu pamwezi mchaka, nyengo yachilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.... M'miyezi yapitayi yophukira, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, umuna suyenera kupitilira kamodzi pamwezi. Yankho lamadzimadzi la feteleza amchere limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza. Konzani izi motere: mu 1 l. madzi amasungunuka 2-3 gr. ammonium nitrate, 1-2 gr. potaziyamu mchere ndi 4-6 zosavuta superphosphate.
Zimathandizanso kuthirira nkhuni ndi phulusa la phulusa.
M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chomeracho ndi slurry: Gawo limodzi la ndowe ya ng'ombe limasungunuka m'magawo 10 amadzi. Kudyetsa kotere kumayenera kusinthidwa ndi feteleza amchere.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mtengo wa Kumquat zaka zitatu zilizonse.... Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa February kapena mu Marichi. Ndikofunika kumuika mosamala kwambiri. Zimayenera kusunga mtanda wonse wa nthaka, wokhala ndi mizu. Ngalande pamalo obzala mitengo yatsopano ziyenera kukonzedwanso.
Mukamabzala, mtengo suyenera kubzalidwa mozama. Mukayika, ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera ndi kuthirira ndi potaziyamu permanganate yofooka.
Kudulira malamulo
M'chaka, pamene korona wa chomeracho ukupanga mwakhama, m'pofunika kudulira mtengowo. Kukula kwa mtengo kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu mbali zonse. Kudulira kuyenera kuchitika pakamera mphukira zatsopano. Ndiye kuti, mtengo uyenera kukhala gawo lokula mwachangu. Gawo lokhalo lokha ndilofunika kudula... Pachifukwa ichi mtengo umachedwetsa kukula kwake ndikuponyera mphukira mbali.
Pambuyo kudulira, matalala masamba atsegulidwa, ndikupanga mphukira. Mphukira zamtsogolo ziyenera kumangidwa kuti tchire likhale lofanana ndi fan. Mabala ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi varnish wam'munda.... Izi zimachitika pofuna kuchiritsa mabala mwachangu, komanso kupewa kulowa kwa matenda. Chaka chotsatira mutadulira, mtengowo udzakhala ndi korona wabwino kwambiri.
Adani a chomera ichi
Adani akuluakulu a mtengowo akuyamwa, kutafuna tiziromboti.
Wotchuka kwambiri:
- Kangaude
- Chishango
Ngati madontho oyera atuluka pansi pamunsi mwa masambawo, komanso ngati masambawo apotozedwa ndikutsekedwa ndimitengo yoyera, awa ndi Zizindikiro za kangaude.
Kuti muthane nacho, tengani supuni ya fumbi la fodya, kutsanulira kapu yamadzi otentha ndikuwonjezera magalamu 10 pakatha masiku 6. sopo wochapa zovala. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mtengo katatu komanso pakadutsa masiku 6.
Garlic imathandizanso kuchotsa mtengo wamatendawa. Mutu wa adyo umaphwanyidwa ndikuwotcha mu kapu imodzi yamadzi otentha. Yankho ili lalimbikitsidwa pafupifupi masiku awiri. Kenako chomeracho chimasefedwa ndikuchiritsidwa nacho.
Masamba okhudzidwa ndi mphere, wokutidwa ndi chingamu chomata ndikukhala ndi zokutira zakuda. Mutha kulimbana ndi tiziromboti ndi chisakanizo cha supuni imodzi yamafuta amafuta, oyendetsedwa mu kapu yamadzi ofunda ndi magalamu 40. sopo wochapa zovala ndi 2 tbsp. masipuni a ufa wosamba.
Musanapange kukonza nkhuni ndi kusakaniza komweku, ndikofunikira kuphimba nthaka ndi kanema. Kusakaniza sikuyenera kuloledwa kulowa pansi... Pepani masamba ndi nthambi za mtengo womwe wakhudzidwa ndi swab ya thonje. M`pofunika kusamba ntchito njira pambuyo maola 3-4 pansi shawa. Pambuyo masiku 6, njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa.
Ndi mitundu iti yomwe imalimidwa kunyumba
Pali mitundu ina yamitengo yomwe ingalimidwe kunyumba:
- Kumquat Nagami - imodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yazipatso zokoma, zokumbutsa azitona.
- Kumquat Japonica (izi zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwanso Kumquat Meiva) - chipatsocho ndi chachikasu-lalanje mtundu, wofanana kwambiri ndi mandimu. Chitsamba ndi masamba chowulungika ndi minga lalifupi. Mitunduyi imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu. Amakulira kumwera kwa Russia kutchire.
- Kumquat Fukushi - zipatso ndizokoma kwambiri komanso zotsekemera.
Palinso mitundu yambiri ya kumquat. Ena mwa iwo ali pansipa:
- Limequat - yochokera ku laimu ndi kumquat
- Oranjevat - yochokera ku lalanje ndi kumquat
- Ndimu - mandimu adadutsa kumquat
- Kalamondi - kuchokera ku Chimandarini ndi kumquat
Mapeto
Kumquat ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chimabala zipatso zazing'ono zachilendo. Zimasiyana ndi zipatso za citrus chifukwa zimadyedwa ndi peel... Ndizovuta kuzilimira kunyumba, chifukwa zimafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri. Koma iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi omwe adakwanitsa kupereka zofunikira ndikusamalira mtengo uwu akudziwa motsimikiza kuti unali wofunika.