Kupambana kwa mbewu ya nkhaka kumadalira makamaka kusankha mbewu. Mitundu yambiri yamashelefu imasokoneza malingaliro m'malo mokupatsani mwayi wosankha bwino. Olima wamaluwa a Novice amalangizidwa kuti ayambe kudzidziwitsa okha mitundu, mayina awo, kulima ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Kutengera nyengo, mitundu ingabzalidwe ku Ukraine, Belarus, Chernozem, Bashkiria ndi njira yapakati - itha kukhala parthenocarpic, kucha koyambirira, ndi nthawi yayitali yakucha, kapena nkhaka zokoma zokula mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zambiri zimapangidwa m'nkhaniyi ngati mtundu wa mndandanda wazowerengera.
Zosiyanasiyana nkhaka
Mitundu yambiri yamitundu imakupatsani mwayi wosankha zabwino zonse zomwe mungachite matenda ndi nyengo a dera lomwe mbewu yobiriwira ikukonzekera kulimidwa.
Kulakwitsa kwakukulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina 2-3, yomwe kulimidwa kwakhala kukuchitika kwazaka zambiri.
Olima akumidzi ndi akunja apanga mitundu yambiri yomwe ilibe ukadaulo wotsika mtengo waulimi komanso kukoma kwabwino kuposa nkhaka zomwe kale zimakonda.
Mwa malangizo apamwamba olimapo masamba, akatswiri amatilozera kufunika kodzala mitundu ingapo nthawi imodzi... Izi zimapangitsa kuti athe kuwunika zokolola zamtundu wosiyanasiyana munthawi yomweyo yakucha, kuti atenge zokolola pang'ono panthawi yachilala kapena mvula yayitali.
Sonkhanitsani zofunikira komanso zothandiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a zelents amapezeka pansipa.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ili ndi mayina
Pofuna kuzindikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito lembalo pochita, mbewu zimagawika m'magulu osiyana, ogwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi.
Kudzipukutira yekha pabwino pamalo otseguka
Nkhaka zodzipukutira tokha zili ndi zabwino zingapo, pomwe chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana chinyezi chochuluka chimadziwika.
- Booth - nthawi yakucha ndi masiku 40 okha. Kutalika, chomera chobiriwira chimafika masentimita 9. Chitsamba chimodzi chimapereka mpaka 3.5 kg. Chitetezo champhamvu cha chomeracho chimatsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (maolivi, zithunzi, powdery mildew).
- Kulimba mtima - kukolola kwa mitundu ya Kurazh kumayamba masiku 40-47 patadutsa mphukira kuchokera m'nthaka. Kulemera kwa nkhaka kumafika 170-180 gr., Zelents mpaka 10 zimapangidwa pa mphukira imodzi. Chomeracho sichikhala ndi zowola, powdery mildew.
- Connie - Kututa kwa zipatso kumayamba tsiku la 50 mutabzala. Chikhalidwe ndichaponse ponse pakulima komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaka. Kutalika kwa greenery ndi 10 cm, zokolola kuchokera ku 1 m2 ndi pafupifupi 9 kg.
- Berendey - zipatso (12-15 cm) zipse masiku 42 mutaphukira. Mutha kukolola mpaka makilogalamu 3.5 kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi. Zelentsy ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.
- Gerda - zipatso 10 cm kutalika zimawoneka miyezi 1.5 mutabzala. 2.8-3 makilogalamu amachotsedwa kuthengo. Chomeracho sichikhudzidwa kawirikawiri ndi matenda;
Nkhaka zabwino kwambiri zoyambirira kucha
Mitundu yakucha yakucha imakhala ndi gawo lomwe wamaluwa aliyense ayenera kudziwa.
Mazira ovunda a maluwa amphongo ndiwo oyamba kupangidwa, ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa amasokoneza kukula kwa chomeracho.
- Epulo - kuyambira nthawi yobzala, zipatso za Epulo zimapsa patsiku la 50, ndikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 22. Chomeracho chimayang'anira kukula kwa mphukira, chifukwa chake kufunika kocheka kumagwa. Zokolola kuchokera ku 1 m2 pafupifupi 22 kg. Nkhaka sizochulukirachulukira zikaphonya tsiku la msonkhano. Chikhalidwechi chimagonjetsedwa pafupifupi ndi matenda onse, kupatula mizu yowola.
- Hermann - amamera masiku 39-41 atatha kutuluka. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira a Herman kumafika 10 cm, 23-26 kg amatengedwa kuchokera 1 m2. Wosakanizidwa amadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso, kudziyipiritsa payokha komanso chitetezo chamatenda.
- Orlik - imayamba kubala zipatso tsiku la 47-50 mutabzala. Kutalika kwa greenery kumafika 14-16 cm, ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 3.5-4. 6-8 makilogalamu achotsedwa kuthengo. Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu, chimakana powdery mildew, mizu yowola, malo azitona ndi TMV.
- Valdai - chitsamba chimayamba kubala zipatso tsiku la 45 kutuluka mphukira. Maluwa amapangidwa makamaka ndi akazi, chifukwa chake kuyendetsedwa ndi njuchi kumafunika. Kutalika kwa greenery kumakhala pafupifupi 10-11 cm, mpaka 4.5 makilogalamu amachotsedwa kuthengo. Haibridi adapangidwa kuti asungidwe, koma chifukwa chakulawa kwake kosavuta amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati saladi.
Pakati pa nyengo
Mitundu yakucha pang'ono kuyamba kubala zipatso patsiku la 45-55 mutafesa mbewu m'nthaka. Zomera zonse za gululi zimasiyana pakulima (wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka), cholinga (chatsopano kapena cha mchere) ndi mtundu wa mungu.
- Wopikisana - yodziwika ngati chomera chomwe chimakonda moyo ndipo chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Kutalika kwa greenery kumafika 9-12 masentimita ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 100 magalamu. Mpaka 3.8 kg ya mbeu imakololedwa kuchokera pa m2 iliyonse. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew.
- Nezhinsky - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyendetsedwa ndi njuchi, yodziwika ndi tsinde lamphamvu, zipatso zapakatikati (kutalika kwa 10-12 cm, kulemera 90 g) ndi zokolola zambiri (8 kg pa 1 m2). Nezhinsky kulekerera kutentha ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri. Nkhaka zimakonda kwambiri.
- Libella - wosakanizidwa wosakanikirana wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobereka zipatso. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mutha kukolola mpaka masiku ozizira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa masamba a Libelle kumafika 14 cm, kulemera - 140 magalamu. Kuchokera pa mita imodzi, mpaka makilogalamu 10-12 amachotsedwa. Mukathira mchere, zamkati zimakhalabe zolimba komanso zolimba. Muukadaulo waulimi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi matenda wamba.
- Gome - Ali ndi kukoma kwabwino popanda kuwawa, koyenera kuthira mchere. Chitsamba chimapangidwa motalika ndi chikwapu cholimba, kutalika kwa chipatso kumafika masentimita 12 ndikulemera magalamu 80-90. Zokolola kuchokera ku 1 m2 pafupifupi 8 kg.
Kuchedwa kucha
Mbali ina ya nkhaka zochedwa kucha ndikuti mbewu zimamera bwino mchaka chachitatu chokha.
Chifukwa chake, zinthu zomwe zagulidwa ndizofunikira musanadzalemo fufuzani kumera... Komanso, posankha mitundu ya gululi, muyenera kuganizira nyengo ndi dera lakumapeto kwa zelents kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa zokolola zambiri nyengo yozizira isanayambike.
- Phoenix - nthawi yokolola imayamba patatha masiku 64 mbeu ikamera. Nkhaka zimakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 16, ndi kulemera kwake kwa 230 g. Tchire la Phoenix limapanga chikwapu cha nthambi chomwe chimatsutsana bwino ndi nyengo.
- Wopambana - amasiyana ndi zikwapu zazitali zomwe zimalekerera chilala, kuzizira. Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa. Kutalika kwa chipatso kumafika masentimita 14 ndikulemera kwapakati pa 110 magalamu. Zokolola za 1 m2 ndi 7-8 kg.
- Dzuwa - zosiyanasiyana ndi zapakatikati pa nyengo, koma wamaluwa ambiri amazibzala mochedwa. Chitsambacho chimabala nthambi zambiri, ndikupanga chikwapu chachikulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kubzala kudera lalikulu. Masamba obiriwira amapezeka ndi ma tubercles ochepa komanso mikwingwirima yobiriwira. Kutalika kwa nkhaka kumafika masentimita 12 ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 140 magalamu.
- Brownie - nthawi yokolola imayamba patatha masiku 65 kumera. Kutalika kwa nkhaka ndi kochepa (9 cm), koma kukoma kwake ndikokwera. Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chikuwonetsa kukana pafupifupi matenda onse wamba. Kukonzekera - 6-8 kg pa 1 m2.
- Chitchaina - mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi kulawa pang'ono komanso kusowa kwakuya. Mbali ina ya chipatso cha nkhaka zaku China imawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yayitali atakhala nthawi yokolola. Nkhaka zoyambirira zazitali (30-35 cm) zimawoneka ngati njoka. Chomeracho chimapirira kutentha pang'ono komanso kuyatsa bwino.
Omwe ali okolola kwambiri pamitengo yosungira zobiriwira
Popanda kusiyanitsa, onse wamaluwa amakopeka ndi mitundu yololera kwambiri. Mu wowonjezera kutentha kwanu, mutha kuyesa kukulitsa omwe amadziwika kwambiri.
- Gherkin wa ku Paris - zipatso zimapsa masiku 50-60 mutabzala. Kutalika kwa mitundu ya gherkin ya ku Paris kumafika masentimita 12 ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 85 magalamu. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mazira ambiri chimapangidwa pamalopo, chomwe chimatsimikizira kukolola kwakukulu - opitilira 30 kg pa 1 m2. Kumera kwa mbewu zochepa kumapereka mabedi obzala kudzera mbande.
- Fontanelle - nkhaka yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa mdziko lathu. Amalimidwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Kukula kwa masamba a Spring kumafikira 22-24 masentimita ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 150 magalamu. Makilogalamu opitilira 10 amachotsedwa mchitsamba. Potengera kukoma ndi malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, zosiyanasiyana zimapitilizabe mpikisano patsogolo pa zomwe zimachitika ku Europe za oweta.
- Zozulya - nthawi yokolola imayamba tsiku la 45 mutaphukira. Mapangidwe amtunduwu amapangidwa m'njira yoti chitsamba sichifunika kudulira. Zelentsy amafika masentimita 24 m'litali ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 280-300 magalamu. Kuchokera pa mita imodzi, mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 30 kg ya Zozulya nkhaka. Chomeracho sichidwala ndi malo a azitona komanso zithunzi za nkhaka.
Zodzala kutchire
- Suzanne - mbewu yosunthika yomwe imatha kulimidwa osati pabwalo pokha, koma wowonjezera kutentha komanso pakhonde. Kutalika kwa kufikako kumafika 3-4 m, ndikupanga ambiri ambiri m'mimba mwake. Kutola zipatso za masentimita 3-4 kapena kudikirira kuti akule, izi sizikhudza kukoma. Suzanne ali ndi matenda abwino komanso amalimbana ndi tizilombo.
- Sparta - wosakanizidwa ndi mungu wochokera njuchi ndi zipatso zabwino. Kutalika kwa greenery ndi 6-12 cm, kukoma kumakhala kosangalatsa popanda kuwawa. Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu, makamaka ku powdery mildew ndi bowa. Zokolola pa chitsamba chilichonse ndi 2.8-3.1 kg.
- Nkhaka - nthawi yoberekera imayamba patatha masiku 55 kutuluka. Kutalika kwa tsamba lobiriwira ndi 9-11 cm ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 100-110 magalamu. Oposa 4 kg amachotsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Nkhaka zimakhala ndi kukoma kosavuta ndi mawu okoma, popanda kuwawa.
- Buratino Ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umayamba kupsa pakatha masiku 48 kumera. Kutalika kwa greenery kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 8-9 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 85. Zokolola pa chitsamba chilichonse ndi 3.4 kg.
- Olimba - pokhudzana ndi kukula kwake, nkhaka imawerengedwa kuti ndiwothamanga, patangopita masiku 38 kutuluka. Kutalika kwa greenery kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 9 ndikulemera kwa 80 g. Nthawi yobala zipatso ikutha, mazira onse amapanga ndikupsa limodzi. Nyengo yosakhala yabwino siyikhala ndi vuto pakukula kwa nyengo.
Kukula ku Siberia
Kukula nkhaka nyengo yovuta kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndi bwino kubzala nkhaka ku Siberia m'malo obiriwira a polycarbonate kapena kusankha mitundu yobala zipatso msanga.
Posankha mbewu, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yomwe ili ndi nkhawa.
- ChiAltaic - imakhala ndi nthawi yayifupi yakukolola, zokolola zimayamba patatha masiku 36 mpaka 40 kumera. Kutalika kwa greenery ndi 9-12 cm ndikulemera 100 g. Chomeracho sichitha kutentha, chimalekerera mosavuta nyengo ya nyengo. Pambuyo pokolola, zipatso zimasungabe ziwonetsero zawo ndi kulawa kwanthawi yayitali.
- Njoka - nkhaka zamtundu wa gherkin, zimapsa masiku 39-42 pambuyo kumera. Nthawi yobala zipatso ndiyambiri, kale m'masiku 10 oyamba zokolola zambiri zimakololedwa - zopitilira 1.7 kg pa 1 m2. Serpentine imadziwika ndi kukoma kwake, komwe kulibe kuwawa.
- Chitsamba - chomera chofiyira chomwe chimafunikira mungu. Kutalika kwa greenery kumafika masentimita 8 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 90. Kukonzekera kumakhala kosasunthika ndi chisamaliro choyenera (3 kg pa chitsamba). Chodziwika bwino cha zosiyanasiyana ndizopirira komanso chitetezo champhamvu. Nkhaka zimasinthasintha.
Mitundu iliyonse yamkhaka imakhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri posankha nyengo zakomweko ndi makalata omwe ali nawo pamitundu yomwe mumakonda. Kenako gawo lalikulu lokonzekera zokolola zamtsogolo lidzachitika molondola.