Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zokulira mbatata. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha nokha njira yobzala yomwe ingafanane ndi dera linalake lomwe likukula ndipo lidzakhala labwino kwa nyakulima. Kupatula apo, ngati njira yosankhidwa yasankhidwa bwino, ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa 700 kg. kuchokera ku dacha imodzi yokhotakhota.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zobzala mbatata
Njira iliyonse yomwe yasankhidwa, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira molondola malamulo onse ovomerezeka kutsika ndi njira inayake. Zakhala zikudziwikanso kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zakulitsa zokolola nthawi zonse zimadalira njira yosankhidwa bwino kubzala mbatata.
Fosholo yachikhalidwe
Mwa njirayi, nthaka yobzala mbatata iyenera kukonzekera kugwa. Tsambalo limakumbidwa pamanja pa fosholo yoyika ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa owola, phulusa ndi urea.
M'chaka, malo otere sadzafunikiranso kukumba, koma padzakhala kofunikira kuti mulinganiza malo ndi chikhomo, ndikuchotsa nthaka yayikulu.
Chodzala pa nthawi ya kusungunuka kwa mphukira pa birch... Izi zitanthauza kuti dziko lapansi latenthedwa mokwanira kuti asawononge chikhalidwe. Mutha kubzala mabedi molunjika ndi kukumba maenje, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zopota ndi zikhomo kuti mupange zolemba kenako mizere ikhale yofanana.
Mizere imakumbidwa patali masentimita 70 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Zomera zobzala zimasankha kukula kochepa masentimita 4 ndipo ziyenera kukhala zathanzi. Musanadzalemo, chomeracho chiyenera kumera mkati mwa milungu iwiri.
Ndikosavuta kubzala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya anthu awiri - m'modzi amakumba maenje osapitilira masentimita 10, ndipo winayo amaika mbatata m'mabowo ndikumera. Ikani kompositi pamwamba osati phulusa lochuluka.
Mukakumba dzenje lotsatira, dothi limaponyedwa pa dzenje lomwe linakumbidwamo kale. Gawo pakati pa tubers ndi 30 cm.
Pambuyo pake, momwe mphukira zazing'ono zidzawonekera ndipo isanatuluke maluwa, hilling iyenera kuchitidwa kawiri kuti ikulitse zokolola. Musaiwale za kuthirira ndi kuthira feteleza ndi manyowa ndi feteleza amchere.
Momwe mungamere m'mapiri
Njirayi imatchedwanso ukadaulo waku Dutch.
Amapanga zitunda zazitali mpaka masentimita 35 komanso zowonjezera masentimita 70. Mabowo amakumbidwa ndi manyowa ndipo zinthu zobzala zimayikidwamo nthawi imodzi.
Chisamaliro china ndichachikhalidwe, dothi lokhalo lokhazika pansi limatengedwa pakati pa mizere motero mizu ya tchire siivulala.
Masabata awiri asanakumbe mbatata ziyenera kutchetcha nsonga.
Kulowera m'mapanga
Kukumba mzere 20 cm m'lifupi ndi 15 cm kuya kwake. Ma tubers amaikidwamo ndi masentimita 30 ndikuwaza pang'ono ndi nthaka. Monga nsonga zikukula, nthaka imathiridwa mpaka chitunda chimera pamwamba panthaka.
Mukadzaza dziko lapansi kuchokera kumwamba, gwiritsaninso ntchito humus ndi phulusa.
Kuwerengedwa
Zitsime zachitika ndi mtengo wapadera... Pakubzala koteroko, ndibwino kukhala ndi anthu awiri - m'modzi amapita ndikulemba zolemba ndi mtengo, ndipo wachiwiri amabzala mbatata kumbuyo kwake, nthawi yomweyo nadzaza ndi nthaka.
Konzani nthaka pasadakhale kugwa ndikukumba ndi kuwonjezera feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Njira yodyetsa nyama
Kutenga wasayansi waku America kuwirikiza kawiri zokololazo. Chifukwa chake, amakumba mabediwo mpaka theka la mita ndikulowa pakati pa mabedi a masentimita 100. Mabediwo amakumbidwa osakhudza dothi.
Mabedi am'munda amalembedwa mosalekeza ndipo samasamutsidwa kumalo atsopano chaka chamawa. Kuti madzi asafalikire mbali zosiyanasiyana panthawi yothirira, amapanga mbali kuchokera pansi kapena matabwa. Pali chinthu chimodzi, pabedi loterolo, ma tubers amayikidwa m'mizere iwiri, koma papepala loyang'ana, loyang'ana masentimita 25 pakati pamabowo.
Feteleza ndi mbatata zimayikidwa m'mabowo. Chisamaliro china chimakhala kupalira, kuthira feteleza ndi kuthirira, koma palibe chifukwa chodzikakamira.
Mabedi a njirayi amapangidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Njira zachilendo zaku China
Ndi njirayi, dzenje la mbatata limakumbidwa nthawi yophukira, kuyeza mita ndi mita. Pansi pa dzenje konzani mulu wa kompositipowonjezerapo phulusa la nkhuni. M'chaka, tuber yayikulu imayikidwa mu dzenje loterolo, lomwe kulemera kwake kuli magalamu 200.
M'mbuyomu, kudulidwa kumapangidwira, komwe kumalimbikitsa mphukira zambiri. Pambuyo pa tuber yamera kwa milungu iwiri. Mutabzala mbatata pakati pa dzenjelo, zimakutidwa ndi nthaka yachonde ya 25 cm.
Mphukira zoyamba zikawonekera, amachiritsidwa ndi feteleza wa potashi ndikudzazidwa ndi nthaka. Pali magawo atatu oterewa.
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ambiri ndipo izi sizikukulitsa mtundu, koma kuchuluka kwa ma tubers omwe adakololedwa pachitsamba chimodzi.
Njira yosanjikiza yazitali
Kapena amatchedwanso njira ya Gülich. Mwa njirayi, gawo lonselo lomwe cholinga chake ndikubzala mbatata limagawika m'mabwalo ndi mbali ya mita imodzi. Pakatikati pa malo onse, bwalo la humus lokhala ndi masentimita 25 limayikidwa, ndipo mbatata zimayikidwa pakatikati pa bwaloli, zimamera pansi.
Ndipo amaziphimba ndi dothi. Mphukira zoyamba zikangotuluka, tuber iyenera kuyikidwa pansi mufani. Izi zachitika katatu.
M'nthawi youma yotere zokolola zimafunika kuthirira.
Lowani mbiya
Chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi kompositi zimayikidwa pansi pa mbiya kapena thumba. Kenako ikani mbatata ndikuwaza pang'ono osakaniza. Mphukira zawo zikangowonekera, zimakonkhedwa ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi kompositi ndi zina mpaka 70 cm kutalika.
Njirayi ndi yabwino ngati phula laling'ono kapena palibe. Kenako migolo yotere imatha kuyikidwa mozungulira bwalo.
Ndikofunika kuti pamakoma a mbiya mukhalemo mabowo olowera mpweya ku mizu ya mbatata.
Mtundu wofikira Ridge
Njira yobzala imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pamtunda wosankhidwa ndi mbatata, madzi apansi amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zitunda ndiyotengera thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo. Zisa amapangidwa mtunda wa 70 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake komanso osachepera 15 cm.
Poterepa, mbatata zophuka zimayikidwa pamwamba pamtunda ndi masentimita 30.
Komanso chisamaliro chachikhalidwe:
- Kuthirira;
- Kumasula;
- Kudzaza;
- Feteleza.
Njirayi ili ndi maubwino angapo - ntchito zochepa zamanja, ndi nthaka yonyowa nthawi zonse, mbatata zimauma mwachangu, chifukwa chake palibe mbatata zowola.
Njirayi ndiyabwino kokha panthaka yonyowa ndi chinyezi chokhazikika.
Timakhala m'mitsinje
Pakati pa nthawi yophukira amakumba ngalande zazitali 30 cm ndi zowonjezera za 70 cm... Udzu wokwera mpaka masentimita 15 umayikidwa m'litali mwake ngalandezo ndikuwaza pang'ono ndi chisakanizo cha manyowa ndi phulusa.
Pakadutsa kasanjidwe kameneka kamakhala kakang'ono mpaka masentimita 5 ndipo mbatata imafalikira pamenepo ndi masentimita 30. Ngati mungabzale koyambirira, ndiye kuti kubzala koteroko kumadzazidwa ndi agrofibre kapena zotchingira zina zomwe zilipo pafamuyo. Kusamalira kowonjezeranso kumakhala ndi zochita wamba.
Kompositi yomwe imayikidwa nthawi yophukira imatenthetsa mbatata bwino ndikusunga chinyezi. Imakhala ngati chovala chabwino cha mbatata ndipo kubzala kwina sikufunikanso.
Njirayo ndiyabwino chifukwa cha dothi lamchenga.
Pansi pa kanema wakuda
Malo osungidwa kubzala mbatata amakhala ndi umuna wabwino ndikuphimbidwa ndi kanema wakuda. M'malo mochita kukumba mabowo ndi gawo la masentimita 30, timabowo timapangidwa mufilimuyo, ndipo mbatata zimabzalidwa kale.
Njirayi ili ndi zabwino zake:
- Palibe chifukwa chotsalira;
- Palibe chifukwa chodzikakamira;
- Kuthirira kumachepa, nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa kanema iuma pang'onopang'ono.
Yosalala bwino
Imeneyi ndi njira yofananira ndi pansi pa fosholo, koma kuti mizere ya mbatata ndiyofanana, zolemba zimapangidwa pamunda ndi thumba ndi zikhomo. Mbatata zimayalidwa ndipo nthaka imathiridwa pamwamba.
Kudzaza kumera pamwamba pa mbatata munthawi yake.
M'mabokosi
Njirayi imayambira poti ndikofunikira kumanga mabokosi mpaka 25 cm, pomwe m'lifupi mwake ndi 100 cm. Pangani utali uliwonse wa bokosilouyu, bedi lomwe lakonzedwa kuti mubzale mbatata limatha.
Kudutsa pakati pamabedi otere kumatsala pafupifupi masentimita 70, poyamba mabokosiwa amadzazidwa ndi nthaka kuchokera ku mulu wa kompositi wothira manyowa owola, ndipo kale pachosakanikachi ma tubers adayikidwa pamzere wapawiri papepala loyang'ana ndi masentimita 30.
Kudzaza ndi njira yofikira sikofunikira. Pambuyo pokolola mabokosi amafesedwa ndi manyowa obiriwira.
Kuwonongeka kwa njirazi kukhala zachikhalidwe komanso zatsopano
Onani | Njira dzina |
Zachikhalidwe | Njira fosholo; Yosalala bwino; Ridge; Kulowa m'ngalande. |
Chatsopano | Mu mbiya; Pansi pa kanema wakuda; Njira yaku China. |
Zapamwamba | Kufikira pa Nyama; Njira yosanjikiza yazitali. |
Yoyenera nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe | Njira iliyonse yomwe ili yabwino kwa wolima dimba, popeza zikhalidwe za aliyense ndizosiyana. |
Mfundo zambiri
Njira iliyonse yomwe yasankhidwa, ayenera kutsimikiza kuti kodi ma tubers apeza chiyani:
- Mwachikondi;
- Kufikira kwa mpweya kuzu;
- Kuthirira kamodzi pamlungu nthawi yamaluwa;
- Feteleza.
Momwe mbatata zimabzalidwa
Kufesa mbatata ndi mbewu sikukugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa ndi bizinesi yovuta. Koma ngati pali chikhumbo, ndiye kuti mutatha maluwa maluwa, amawoneka ngati tomato ang'onoang'ono wakuda.
Amasonkhanitsidwa ndipo sungani mpaka masika, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo amabzalidwa pakama kakang'ono kokonzedwa. Pansi pazabwino, pakutha kwa nyengo, zinthu zobzala mbatata zimakula kuchokera kumbewu.
Kodi kubzala mbatata kumawoneka bwanji?
Pachifukwa ichi, kubzala zinthu sikusankhidwa kuposa bokosi lamasewera ndikutuluka panja masiku 21 asanafike pabwalo lotseguka. Nthawi iyi ndiyofunika kuti mbatata zomwe zimayikidwa kuti zibzale zimere.
Pakamera masentimita atatu pa tuber, izi zikutanthauza kuti mbatata zakonzeka kubzala. Zimamera ipereka kukula kofooka, choncho, mbatata zimachotsedwa molingana ndi nthawi yake.
Kenako gwiritsani ntchito njira iliyonse yomwe ikufotokozedwa munkhaniyi.
Ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili yoyenera kubzala mbatata
Mlimi aliyense amasankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimamuyenerera bwino.
Zinthu zofunika kutsogozedwa posankha zosiyanasiyana:
- Kukolola;
- Kusunga khalidwe m'nyengo yozizira;
- Makhalidwe akulawa.
Izi zimasankhidwa mwamphamvu, kutengera mtundu wa mbatata mpaka masika.
Malangizo a momwe mungabzalidwe mbatata mwachangu
Mutha kubzala mbatata mwachangu, ngati anthu awiri kapena atatu agwira ntchito kumunda ndipo mwachizolowezi mwachizolowezi pansi pa fosholo. Koma popeza kale tidakumba nthaka yonse ndi thalakitala yoyenda kumbuyo, yomwe ithandizira kwambiri kubzala mbatata.
Momwe mungapangire mabedi
Mabedi a mbatata amatha kukumbidwa ndi fosholo kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira, monga thalakitala woyenda kumbuyo kapena thalakitala. Zonse zimatengera nyakulima ndi ndalama zake.
Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungabzalidwe mbatata mdera lanu. Aliyense akufuna kusankha njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha chimodzi yabwino osati yotenga nthawi, zomwe zingagwirizane ndi wolima dimba wina. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zobzala mbatata mdera lawo kuti akolole zokolola zawo.