Ndizovuta kupeza wolima dimba ku Russia yemwe sangakulire ma currants pachiwopsezo chake. Dziko lathu limapanga 60% ya ma currants onse omwe adakula padziko lapansi. Ndipo zonse chifukwa si chikhalidwe chothandiza kwambiri cha mabulosi okha, komanso chinthu chokongoletsera pamunda uliwonse.
Chitsamba chobiriwira, chodzaza ndi masango a zipatso zowutsa mudyo, ambiri amagwirizana ndi kupumula kwa chilimwe, kutentha ndi kanyumba kanyumba. Pali mitundu yopitilira 150 ya chomerachi, koma imodzi mwazokoma kwambiri ndi mitundu yofiira yofiira yokhala ndi dzina loti Shuga.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a shuga currant zosiyanasiyana
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Shuga currant ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umapangidwa ndi oweta oweta. Ndi shrub wokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka. Masambawa amakhala ndi ma lobes asanu, omwe m'mbali mwake amakhala ndi ma denticles. Masamba ndi abulauni, ozungulira, olumikizana.
Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, achikasu obiriwira. Kutalika kwa tsango la zipatso kumatha kufikira masentimita 9, pomwe pali zipatso 20. Zipatso zokha ndi zofiira kwambiri, zazikulu kukula. Shuga currant ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana, wokoma, wonunkhira bwino, zipatso sizimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, komanso zimadyedwa mwatsopano ndi chisangalalo.
Ubwino wa Sugar Currant:
- Zokolola zambiri. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zipatso za 7 kg zimatha kukololedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi.
- Katundu wa zipatso.
- Zima hardiness. Mitunduyi imatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, kuphatikiza yotentha mwadzidzidzi.
- Kukongoletsa. Ma currants ofiira, obzalidwa m'mbali mwa njira zam'munda, amawoneka okongola.
- Mitundu yakucha yoyamba, imabala zipatso kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka nthawi yophukira.
- Kusamalira mopanda ulemu.
- Amapereka zokolola kwa zaka 25.
- Zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga jamu, ma compote, vinyo ndi ma liqueurs. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa asidi ascorbic acid, owundana kapena owuma kutentha pang'ono, zipatso za currant zikhala chitetezo chokwanira m'nyengo yozizira.
- Kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo. Mwa matendawa, ndi anthracnose okha omwe amatha kutenga nawo mbali.
- Zipatso zimatha kunyamulidwa. Amasunga kutsitsika kwanthawi yayitali, makamaka ngati atasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu.
Zina mwazovuta za mitundu iyi ndi izi:
- Osati kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso.
- Mulingo wochepa wodziyimira payokha (30%). Ngati mukufuna kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana, musayembekezere zokolola zazikulu. Kuti muonjezere zokolola, kuyendetsa mungu ndikofunikira, komwe muyenera kudzala mitundu ina ya ma currants pamalopo.
Chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake komanso kukana nyengo yozizira, mitundu iyi, mosiyana ndi yakuda, imakula osati kumadera akummwera ndi kumwera kwa dzikolo, komanso ku Siberia ndi Urals. Nthawi yomweyo, m'malo otentha, ndi bwino kutera mu Seputembala, ndipo kumwera kumatheka mu Okutobala. Pakubzala masika, ndibwino kuti muzichita msanga, nthawi yabwino kwambiri ikhala kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa Marichi, kutengera nyengo mdera lanu.
Kubzala ma currants kugwa ndikwabwino, chifukwa mmera umatha kuzula bwino ngakhale chisanu chisanayambike. Kuphatikiza apo, chomera chomwe chakula kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira chimatha kulowa munyengo yokula mchilimwe mokwanira.
Kuti mbeu ya currant izike mizu mwachangu, ndipo posachedwa iyamba kubala zipatso, muyenera kutsatira malamulo onse obzala.
Malamulo obzala mbande ndi kuwasamalira
Choyamba, sankhani malo oyenera kubzala mtsogolo. Ma currants amakonda dzuwa, choncho musawabzala mumthunzi. M'malo otsika pang'ono, chomeracho chimakula bwino, zipatso zake zimasunthira kumtunda kwa korona, ndipo zipatsozo zidzachepa.
Koposa zonse, ma currants ofiira amakula panthaka ya mchenga ndi nthaka yopepuka, pomwe madera okhala ndi dongo lolemera komanso nthaka ya acidic sangakhale oyenera. Pangozi ndi pafupi malo amadzi apansi panthaka. Poterepa, ndibwino kubzala tchire pazitunda zazing'ono zadothi.
Pakukula kwathunthu kwa mbeu, gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera yobzala. Mitundu ya Shuga currant imakhala ndi chitsamba chofananira, motero mbande zimatha kuyikidwa mtunda wa 1.2-1.4 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
Mukamabzala ma currants, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Kumbani dzenje losaya la mmera (35-40 cm). Komanso, pobzala tchire zingapo, mutha kukumba ngalande imodzi mosalekeza.
- Ngati nthawi ilola, bowo likhale sabata limodzi kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike.
- Ikani feteleza pansi pa dzenje. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani nthaka yachonde ndi manyowa kapena manyowa ovunda. Ngati nthaka yanu ndi acidic, onjezerani zowonjezera zowonjezera, zomwe ndi choko, simenti, kapena zipolopolo za dzira.
- Thirani dzenje ndi madzi ndikuyika mmera momwemo, poyang'ana madigiri a 45... Bzalani mizuyo ndikuphimba ndi nthaka kuti muzu wa mizu ufike pozama masentimita 5. Njira yobzala iyi idzapangitsa kuti pakhale mizu yowonjezera ndikupanga mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera kumabichi omwe adaikidwa m'manda. Zotsatira zake, chitsamba champhamvu chomanga chidzapanga. Ngati kubzala kwachitika molunjika, ndiye kuti chitsambacho chidzatha ndi tsinde limodzi.
- Pukutani pansi ndikupanga dzenje.
- Thirirani chitsambacho momasuka, kutsanulira ndowa zitatu za madzi. Kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mizu yatsopano, onjezani Kornevin m'madzi.
- Dulani mphukira pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mutangobzala. Kudulira kotereku kumatsimikizika kuti kumakula bwino mchaka choyamba chamoyo.
Monga tanenera kale, Shuga currant ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri, ndipo imatha kukula popanda chisamaliro chokwanira. Koma, ngati mukufuna kupeza zipatso zokolola, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsatira njira izi:
- Zovala zapamwamba. Kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira, chomeracho chimatha kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la nitroammofoska. Sungunulani bokosi lamasewera mu malita 10 amadzi pachitsamba chimodzi. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mphukira ndikupanga chitsamba champhamvu. Zidzakhalanso bwino kuthira feteleza wa nayitrogeni pansi mchaka - urea kapena ammonium nitrate. Mlingo - 10g pa 1 sq.m.
- Kudulira. Chomera chachikulire chimakhala ndi nthambi zazikulu 15-20. Kuti mufike pamenepa, siyani mphukira zamphamvu 2-3 zokha masika onse, ndikuchotsa zazing'ono zonse. Ndikofunika kuti mphukira zotetezedwa zikule mosiyanasiyana.
- Kusamalira bwalo thunthu. Pofika kasupe, nthaka pansi pa currants iyenera kumasulidwa bwino ndi chofufumitsa ndikuphimbidwa ndi humus kapena kompositi.
- Kuthirira. Ma currants a shuga amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, ndipo kuthirira pafupipafupi amakuthokozani ndi zokolola zabwino. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuthirira kumakhazikika pakapangidwe ndikukula kwa zipatso, apo ayi atha kutha. Madzi amathiridwa pamzu popanda kuthirira chomera chomwecho. M'nthawi youma, ma currants amathiriridwa masiku aliwonse 10, ndowa 5 zamadzi iliyonse.
- Kulamulira namsongole.
- Kuchiza tizirombo ndi matenda.
Ganizirani njira zothetsera tizirombo ndi matenda a currants mwatsatanetsatane.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta red currants ndi njira zothanirana nawo
Ma currants ofiira satengeka kwambiri ndi matenda komanso tizilombo ngati ma currants akuda. Ndipo, makamaka, mtundu wa Sugar currant, umatsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo tambiri. Chinthu chokhacho choyenera kudziteteza pasadakhale ndi anthracnose.
Mpweya Ndi matenda amtundu wa fungal omwe amapezeka m'madera omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha. Mafangayi amafalikira ndi mvula, mphepo ndi tizilombo. Zomera zomwe zawonongeka komanso kufooka chifukwa chosowa chisamaliro zimatenga kachilomboka.
Zizindikiro zakupezeka kwa matenda mu currants ndikuwonekera kwa mawanga ofiira koyamba pamasamba, kenako pamapazi ndi zimayambira.
Mawanga opsinjika amachititsa kusokonezeka mu kayendedwe kabwino ka michere mkati mwa mbeu. Zotsatira zake, ndikutentha kwambiri, nthambizo zimawola ndikuphwanya, ndipo nyengo yadzuwa idzagwa. Ngati kukula kwa matenda sikuyimitsidwa munthawi yake, gawo lakumlengalenga la mbewuyo lidzafa kwathunthu.
Njira zothanirana ndi matendawa ndikuchotsa kwakanthawi kwamatenda amtchire ndikupopera mankhwala ndi fungicides. Kupopera mbewu kumakhala kokwanira katatu ndi masiku 15-20. Pachifukwa ichi, kukonzekera Oxyhom, Yamato, Kuproksat, Fundazol, Acrobat MC, Copper oxychloride ndi koyenera. Monga kupewa kwa kupezeka kwa anthracnose, imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Chithandizo cha mbande musanadzalemo ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa sulphate. Kuti achite izi, amizidwa mu yankho kwa mphindi zingapo ndikusambitsidwa bwino ndi madzi.
- Chithandizo cha mbewu zazikulu chimachitika mphukira isanathe. Pazinthu izi, yankho la mkuwa sulphate, kapena Nitrofen ndiloyeneranso.
- Kudyetsa currants ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza, chifukwa chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa anthracnose ndikutaya kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ofiira ndi tizilombo monga kangaude, nthenda ya impso ya currant, galasi la currant. Komabe, mtundu wa Sugar currant umagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo toononga. Ndizovuta kuzipeza pazomera. Ngati mukufunabe 100% kuti muteteze zokololazo, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita zotsatirazi:
- Kuchokera kutuluka kwa kangaude, zomera zimapopera mbewu kangapo pa nyengo ndikulowetsedwa kwa chowawa kapena fodya.
- Kuchokera ku currant bud moth, tchire amapopera ndi yankho la mpiru.
- Kuwonekera kwa galasi lotsekemera kumathandiza kupewa kumasula nthaka pansi pa chitsamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe mphutsi za tizilombo zikugonabe. Kuti mukhale odalirika, mutha kuwazanso nthaka ndi phulusa lamatabwa kapena tsabola wapamtunda pamwamba.
Monga ma hybridi ena, mtundu wa Sugar currant sumafuna khama mukamakula. Mitengo yodzichepetsayi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iberekane kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa, komanso kwa iwo omwe sangakwanitse kukhala nthawi yayitali kunyumba yawo yachilimwe. Kuphatikiza apo, Sugarcurrant ndi imodzi mwamtundu wabwino kwambiri komanso wopatsa zipatso womwe ungakupatseni mabulosi athanzi kwazaka zopitilira khumi.