Mbiri ya nyemba ili pafupifupi zaka 7 sauzande. Ndi a banja la legume, mitundu yopitilira 250 ikudziwika pakadali pano, koma pafupifupi 20 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuphatikiza kukwera. Chikhalidwechi chimakhala ndi mbiri yakale yolemera yofananira, yothandiza kwambiri: mavitamini athunthu, mitundu yayikulu yayikulu ya microelements, fiber, chakudya, mafuta, pectin ndi mapuloteni azamasamba omwe ndi ofunikira kwa munthu, chifukwa chachiwiri ndi nyama yokha! Ndi nyemba zamtundu wanji zomwe timaphunzira m'nkhaniyi.
Mitundu ya nyemba
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbewu izi, koma kwa ena pamakhala malamulo okhudzana ndi momwe angakulire ndi kusamalira. Nyemba zamtundu uliwonse ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake, mbewu ziyenera kubzalidwa koyambirira kwa Meyi, pomwe dothi limafunda mpaka madigiri a 12-14. Pofuna kumera mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mbewu usiku m'madzi, ndipo musanabzale - kwa mphindi zisanu mu yankho la boric acid. Izi zidzalimbikitsa mbande, kuonjezera zokolola.
Nyemba zamtundu wokhoza kudzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni - mabakiteriya a nodule amatenga mlengalenga, chifukwa chake chomeracho chimakhala choyambirira cha mbewu zambiri zamasamba m'munda.
Kulima nyemba zamtchire
Mitunduyi imawoneka ngati tchire tating'ono mpaka 60cm kutalika. Imatha kumera mumthunzi wamitengo yayitali, pakati pa tchire la currant, gooseberries, koma simungathenso mthunzi wambiri - imakhudza zokolola. Kubzala mozama sikupitilira 2 cm, apo ayi mbewu zimafa ngakhale pakatupa m'nthaka. Chomeracho chimakonda nthaka yodzala ndi humus, imachita bwino ikamadya ndi michere. Ikhoza kubzalidwa kwambiri - mizere pamtunda wa 30 cm, pakati pa mbewu - 4-5 cm.
Nyemba za tchire zimafuna ma hilling awiri kuti mukhale okhazikika. Zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 55 kuyambira pomwe zimera mpaka kukhwima kwa nyemba zobiriwira. Zakudya zamphongo, zodya, zosakhwima kwambiri pakamwa, zopota, makamaka mitundu ya shuga.
Wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira
Anthu aku Italiya anali oyamba kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nyemba zosapsa kuchokera ku Europe kuti adye. Zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera ku nyemba zobiriwira kapena zachikasu zaku France zimakhala ndi kukoma kosadabwitsa, zotsika kwambiri za kalori - 25 kcal / 100g zokha, wokhala ndi mavitamini ndi ma microelements ambiri (kuposa njere), ngakhale ali ochepa m'mapuloteni okhutitsa njere. Nyemba zobiriwira zimabala zokolola zabwino... Ubwino wake m'thupi umakhalanso wovuta kuwerengera:
- Amathandiza kukonza chimbudzi;
- amachepetsa shuga;
- Mulingo wambiri wa sulfure umakhala ndi njira yodzitetezera pakagwa matenda opatsirana am'mimba;
- CHIKWANGWANI, zomanga thupi, chakudya, kufufuza zinthu zimathandiza kwambiri pa thupi, makamaka kusintha kapangidwe ka tsitsi ndi khungu.
Zosiyanasiyana
Kwenikweni, nyemba zonse zimatha kugawidwa m'tchire komanso mopindika. Otsatirawa ali ndi mitundu yambiri.
Makhalidwe otsatirawa ndiofala kwa iwo:
- kudzichepetsa komanso kuchuluka kwakukula, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale pachimake ndi kubala zipatso kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka nyengo yozizira;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ndi mitundu ya inflorescence, nyemba zam'mimba, mbewu;
- Kulemera kwa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni.
Kusonkhanitsa nyemba nthawi zonse nthawi yotentha kumalimbikitsa kupanga mazira ambiri. Pokhala ndi malo ochepa, mitundu yokhotakhota ya chikhalidwechi imapereka zokolola zabwino, ngati zamangidwa munthawi yake, zimakongoletsa, kotero zimatha kubzalidwa pafupi ndi mpanda, gazebo, pansi pa khonde. Kukula ndi zinthu zofunikira ndizofanana ndi mitundu ina yazikhalidwe.
Katsitsumzukwa kapena masamba
Izi ndi mitundu ya nyemba zomwe zangopangidwa kumene kuti muzidya zokha zobiriwira (zosapsa). Zikhotazo zimakhala zobiriwira kapena zachikasu (kutengera mitundu), yopyapyala, kutalika kwa 12-15 cm, kulawa kosakhwima kwambiri, yowutsa mudyo, mnofu wa shuga, wopanda ulusi wolimba. Tchire ndilotsika - kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 cm, yaying'ono, koma ngakhale kukula kwa chomeracho, zimapereka 1 kg ya nyemba nthawi iliyonse.
Mitundu yonse ya nyemba nthawi zambiri imagawika shuga ndi nyemba zotsekemera. Zipatso za shuga zimapangidwa kuti zizidya nyemba, zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo loyenda mozungulira lodzaza ndi zinthu ngati zonunkhira. Matumba a shuga amatambasula, odzola ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa akale. Mitundu yotere ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi: nyemba zonse ndi tirigu ndizoyenera kudya.
Kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zabwino nthawi yonse yotentha, muyenera kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, poganizira masiku ake akukhwima - kuyambira mitundu yakucha msanga (masiku 65 kuyambira kumera mpaka kusasitsa ukadaulo) mpaka mochedwa (masiku 100). Zitsamba zazing'ono sizifunikira ma props, osagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, kucha msanga.
Pepo
Kuphatikiza pa nyemba zachizolowezi zobiriwira komanso zachikasu, zomera zokhala ndi nyemba zofiirira zakula zimera m'minda yamasamba: Mitundu ya Bluhilda (Germany), Purple King (Austria), ndi zina zambiri. Poyamba, ovary pamipesa imakhala yachizolowezi yobiriwira, koma nyembazo zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10, mtunduwo umasintha nthawi yomweyo kukhala wofiirira.
Tikayerekezera mitundu iwiriyi, nyemba za Bluhilda ndizocheperako, koma zisanakhwime, mavavu amalumikizana komanso ulusi umaoneka. Njere za beige, zonenepa, zotentha kwambiri komanso zokoma, wiritsani mwachangu. Nyemba za Purple King ndizolimba, zochepa, koma popanda zikopa, sizipereka kwa oyamba kukoma. Pakuphika, amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiliwira.
Msuzi (tirigu)
Mitundu yosungunuka imalimidwa kokha popanga tirigu, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imapsa mochedwa.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia, mbewu zamtunduwu sizimapsa, ndipo nyembazo, ngakhale kumayambiriro koyambirira, zimakhala ndi ulusi wolimba kwambiri womwe suli woyenera kudya anthu.
Koma, zachidziwikire, ngati mungakulire kumalo ofunda, mutha kukhala ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri, mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, wokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
Mitundu yofala kwambiri: Ballada, Rubin, Zolotistaya, Varvara, Wopatsa, ndi zina zotero. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zokolola zawo zambiri komanso kukoma.
Nyemba ndi zotani?
Oyera
Mbewu za nyemba zotere zimakhala zoyera zamkaka, zolimba. Ubwino waukulu wa nyemba zoyera ndizomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri - 20%. Ponena za maubwino amthupi, amafanana ndi protein ya ng'ombe yokhayokha, komanso, ilibe mafuta azinyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuphatikizira chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu.
Zopindulitsa:
- amachotsa poizoni ndi poizoni;
- amachepetsa mafuta oyipa m'magazi;
- zimakhudza mtima dongosolo lamtima;
- itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yazakudya, popeza imadzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira ndi mafuta ochepa (120 kcal / 100g).
Ofiira
Njere zofiira ndizochepa ma calories (94 kcal), zili ndi mavitamini B6, B12, B1, A, C, E, PP, amino acid, lysine, arginine, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, etc. Chifukwa cha mankhwala olemera oterewa, nyemba zofiira zimathandizira pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe amthupi la munthu. - manjenje, kuzungulira kwa m'mimba, thirakiti la m'mimba, kumalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi, kumawongolera tsitsi, mano, khungu.
Wakuda
Ubwino wa mbewu zakuda umalimbikitsidwa ndi kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa.
Mtundu wa nyembawo umakhala wochuluka, m'pamenenso umakhala ndi michere yambiri.
Njere zakuda zimapezeka kwambiri muzakudya zaku Latin America, ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsekemera komanso zotsekemera. Nyemba zakuda ndizolemera kwambiri pamankhwala; pankhani yazakudya ndi mankhwala, amakhala oyamba pakati pazomera. Zokwanira kunena kuti nyemba zakuda ndi chakudya chofunikira kwambiri popewa khansa ndi matenda ashuga.
Monga mukuwonera, maubwino amtunduwu sangakhale ochulukirapo. Kudya nyemba zosachepera kawiri pamlungu m'njira zosiyanasiyana - masaladi, maphunziro oyamba, achiwiri, ndi zina zambiri. - zikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pathupi lanu. Ngakhale kunja kudzaonekera - khungu la veleveti, tsitsi lowala, misomali yokongola imakupatsirani nyemba wamba makamaka nyemba zakuda.