Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri ndikuyenera kuchita ndi chisamaliro cha mphesa ndikudulira mpesa kugwa. Zokolola zakutchire chaka chamawa zimadalira nthawi yodulira ndi kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa kwake. Pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyi, tiwona njira zingapo zodulira mphesa kwa oyamba kumene ndikupeza ngati ndizotheka kutola masamba.
Chifukwa chiyani kudulira munda wamphesa kugwa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike
Kufunika kwa kudulira ndi izi:
- Mwa kudula mphukira zochulukirapo, olimawo motero tchulani kuchuluka kwa michere ya m'nthaka ku mphukira zathanzi.
- Kulimbana ndi chisanu kwa mpesa kumawonjezeka;
- Chifukwa cha kutha kwa tchire, zokololazo zimawonjezeka. Kukula, mphukira zazing'ono sizingaphimbe zina zoyandikana nazo;
- Mukadula nthambi nthawi zonse, zipatso mu burashi zimakhala zazikulu komanso osataya kukoma;
- Njira yophimba mphesa m'nyengo yozizira ndiyosavuta kwambiri;
- Njira yakuchulukitsa zipatso imathamanga, chifukwa mchaka masamba amatseguka asanayambe kuyenda kwa timadziti mu mpesa.
Nthawi yachisanu ndi kugwa kudula nthambi
Mphesa amazidulira kutengera mitundu ndi dera lomwe likukula. Kwa mitundu yosaphimba, kudulira nthawi yophukira kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse kukula kwa mphukira kukayamba. Zikakhala kuti nyengo yozizira imadziwika ndi chisanu choopsa, ndiye kuti amadula nthambi mchaka.
Kudulira dummies kumakhala kwamitundu iwiri:
- zoyambirira;
- chachikulu.
Pre-kudula ikuchitika koyambirira kwa Okutobala isanayambike chisanu. Mphukira zonse zobiriwira ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudula mphukira zofiirira zomwe zimakhala zokhotakhota zikagwada.
Kuweta kwenikweni idachitika kuyambira 15 mpaka 30 Okutobala, ndiye kuti, chisanachitike chisanu choyamba. Pambuyo kudula koyamba, masiku 14 ayenera kudutsa. Pambuyo pofufuza chitsamba, zonse zowuma, zowonongeka, osati kucha, mphukira zowonda kwambiri, komanso zomwe zili ndi malo olakwika, zimachotsedwa. Mipesa yazipatso yomwe imakula bwino kuposa ina imadulidwa mivi.
Kudulira masika kumachitika panthawi yomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala + 3 madigiri. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsatira njirayi pambuyo pake, chifukwa kudula pamtengo kumalimbitsa pang'onopang'ono. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zakudulira masika. China choyipa ndichakuti ndi madzi ambiri otuluka ndi garter ofukula, imatha kufikira zipatso, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola, ndipo amatha kuyambitsa thunthu kuwola.
Musanayambe kudulira masika, m'pofunika kuyang'ana thunthu kuti liwonongeke ndikuwunika momwe tchire lilili kuti mumvetsetse kuchuluka kwa thunthu. Njira yoyambira masika imagawidwa mu:
- lalifupi;
- sing'anga;
- Kutalika.
Kusiyanitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mphukira komwe kumakula kuchokera pamizu imodzi ndi kutalika kwake. Mukadulira kugwa pa mpesa, muyenera kusiya masambawo ndi malire. M'chaka, mpaka nthawi yomwe chitsamba chimayamba kukula mwachangu, zikhalidwe zimachitika. Mpesa umatsitsimutsidwa ndikupanga malaya atsopano, ndipo wakale umachotsedwa, osasiya zoposa 10 cm.
Odulidwa ayenera kuchitidwa moyenda timadziti. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mphukira yachinyamata imakula mofulumira. Ali panjira, muyenera kusiya mipesa ingapo m'malo mwake. Adzatumikira pakupanga mipesa munthawi zamtsogolo.
Kudulira chilimwe ndikofunikira kuthengo. Imayang'anira zokolola.
Pofika chilimwe, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amamvetsetsa kale kuti ndi magulu angati omwe ayenera kutsalira pampesa kuti asadzaze chitsamba. Magulu owonjezera omwe asiyidwa pamtengo wamphesa azitsogolera kuthengo, ndipo kusakwanira kwawo kumabweretsa mapangidwe a ma stepons osafunikira.
Ubwino wodula chilimwe:
- amathandiza kupanga kukula kwa mpesa;
- chotsani timadziti tambiri tambiri tokoka;
- pangani kulumikizana kwaulere kwa mpweya ndi kuwala kumagulu nthawi yakudzaza zipatso.
Pachiyambi choyamba cha chitukuko, m'pofunika kuchotsa njira zonse zofooka, mutatha kupanga maburashi awiri, pamwamba pa mpesa mumatsinidwa kudzera masamba asanu. Osasiya mpesa nthawi yayitali chifukwa zipatsozo zimakhala zowawa. Ana onse opeza, masharubu ndi masamba owonjezera nawonso amachotsedwa. Mu Ogasiti, kuti mufulumizitse kucha kwa zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mphukira.
Ana odulidwa sangasiyidwe pansi. Izi zimathandizira kukulitsa matenda!
Momwe mungadzere bwino mpesa mchaka choyamba
Mphesa zazing'ono zimadulidwa ku:
- kupanga manja;
- kukondoweza kukula;
- kuonetsetsa zokolola zambiri.
Mu tchire laling'ono, chaka chimodzi, chimachotsedwa pamwamba, ndikusiya masamba awiri kapena anayi okha. Amabweza 1 cm kuchokera pachimbudzi chomaliza chakumtunda ndikukadula. Uwu ukhala maziko azovala za zipatso za chaka chamawa.
Mu mpesa wazaka ziwiri, mfundo zotsitsika zimapangidwa ndikudula zowonjezerazo m'maso awiri. Siyani masamba 4 mpaka 6 munjira ina. Chitsambacho chimadulidwa chimodzimodzi ndi chaka choyamba chamoyo, pomwe zokolola zidzangokhala chaka chimodzi, ndipo chitsambacho chimakula kwambiri.
Mukameta mitengo ya zaka zitatu, mfundo zowonjezera ndi mphukira za zipatso zimapangidwa. Zipangizo zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala pansi pa mphukira yayikulu ndipo ziyenera kudulidwa ndi maso atatu. Ndikofunikira kusiya masamba asanu mpaka khumi pachimake. Mitundu ina, mutha kusiya masamba 10 mpaka 12 pamphukira. Ndi njirayi, tchire limapanga zida za 4-6 m'zaka zitatu. Izi ndizokwanira kuti mbewu zipse.
Cholinga cha njira yophukira kwa mbande zazing'ono ndikapangidwe koyenera ka chitsamba. Alimi ambiri achichepere amalakwitsa posadulira zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, posafuna kuchedwetsa zokolola. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chitsamba chikhale cholimba kwambiri ndipo mphukira zowonjezera zimakoka michere yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, tchire losadulidwa likhala lovuta kuliphimba m'nyengo yozizira.
Zida zodulira tchire
Kuti mudule bwino mphesa, mufunika chida chotsatira:
- wotchera m'munda;
- mafayilo, ma hacksaws;
- mipeni ya m'munda.
Ma secateurs amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa tchire la mwana wazaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndikulimba kwa mpesa wosaposa sentimita imodzi ndi theka. Kuti mupange kudula kosalala, gwiritsani ntchito ma shears odulira ndi masamba awiri.
Ngati makulidwe amphesa osatha amakhala osakwana masentimita eyiti, macheka ogwiritsira ntchito uta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudulira. Ndi makulidwe opitilira 8 cm, kudula kumachitika ndi hacksaw. M'malo ovuta kufikako, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito lopper.
Musanagwire ntchito, chidacho chiyenera kukulitsidwa ndikukonzedwa.
Ndondomeko zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yodulira mipesa yakale komanso yaying'ono
Pakadali pano pali mitundu ingapo yazinthu zopangira:
- zimakupiza;
- chokhala ngati mbale;
- capitate;
- chingwe;
- mbali imodzi ndi mbali ziwiri.
Kudulira mafani masika
Kusavuta kwa kudulira uku ndikuti chifukwa cha njirayi ndikosavuta kusintha malaya ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa masamba azipatso, komanso ndibwino kuphimba mpesa nthawi yachisanu. Pamalo amodzi olowera pamiyendo iwiri kapena inayi, komanso pamayendedwe awiri kuyambira 4 mpaka 8. Pamanja aliwonse, sinthani mfundo ndipo mivi yazipatso 2-3 imatsalira. Kutalika kwamanja kuyenera kukhala kosiyana. Izi zimathandizira kuyatsa bwino mpesa.
M'chaka choyamba, ndikofunikira kusiya mphukira 1-2 ndi maso angapo. Payenera kukhala mphukira zingapo zatsopano pampesa chaka chamawa.
M'chaka chachiwiri, ngati njira imodzi yachitika, ndiye kuti masamba 2 mpaka 4 amasiyidwa. Ngati awiri atuluka, ndiye kuti masamba awiri ndi atatu amasiyidwa pamtundu uliwonse. Njira yachitatu iyenera kufupikitsidwa. Idzathandizira pakupanga njira zotsatirazi. Ngati pali mphukira 4, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kupanga manja awo.
M'chaka chachitatu, maso atatu amasiyidwa pa mphukira iliyonse, kuti asadzaze mpesa. Inflorescence imodzi iyenera kusiya pamanja lililonse kuti muchepetse zipatso. Ndikofunikanso kupanga ulalo wazipatso pamanja atsopano. Pokhapokha ngati mipesa ili yolimba zaka 2 kuposa 7 mm. ndizotheka kusiya masamba 6-7 pazinthu kuti apange njira zatsopano.
M'zaka zotsatira, mawonekedwe a tchire amasungidwa ndikudula mivi ndi mphukira za zipatso zomwe amatenga zokololazo. Inachitika m'miyezi yotentha. Manja akuyenera kukonzedwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse.
Mawonekedwe Cup
Kudulira kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitengoyo ndi yomwe imathandizira kuthengo. Kukula kwa mbaleyo kumadalira kukula kwamanjawo. Ngati malayawo atalika mpaka 50 cm, ndiye kuti mbaleyo imakhala yaying'ono. Ndi kukula kwa 50 mpaka 70 cm - mbale yapakatikati. Opitilira 70 cm - mbale yayikulu.
Zoyipa zamtunduwu ndi izi:
- kupotoza mpesa kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya cha michere;
- masamba mthunzi wina ndi mnzake ndi kulandira pang'ono kuwala;
- kuchepa kwa mpweya.
Njirayi ndi yofanana pazaka zambiri kuti idulireko.
Mutu chitsamba
Gwiritsani ntchito fomu iyi tchire kumtengowo. Manja akudulidwa pa mmera. Pali mfundo zisanu pamutu ndi masamba awiri pachilichonse. Mipesa idzakula kuchokera kwa iwo mtsogolo.
Mapangidwe a tchire la Cordon
Chaka cha 1 Siyani masamba 2-3 pachitsamba kuti mupange mphukira zamphamvu.
Chaka chachiwiri ndikumayambiriro kwa kasupe, manja aang'ono adzakula, adzakhala ngati chingwe. Pambuyo pakumera, kupatulira kuyenera kuchitidwa. Mphukira zimasiyidwa masentimita 30. Kuchokera mphukira zazikulu, mfundo zowonjezera zimapangidwa, ndikusiya maso 2-3 pa izo.
M'zaka zotsatira, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kutalika kwa malaya ndi chiwerengero cha mivi. Kusintha kwa ma cordon kuyenera kuchitidwa m'modzi m'modzi. Izi zithandiza kupewa kutaya mbewu.
Momwe mungapangire kudulira okalamba
Pali njira ziwiri zakukonzanso - kwathunthu komanso pang'ono.
Kukonzanso pang'ono zitha kuchitika manja atapangidwa pansi pa chitsamba. Mukameta mitengo nthawi yakugwa, masamba awiri amasiyidwa pa iwo. Manja akale amadulidwa pang'ono, ndipo ena amadulidwa malinga ndi chiwembucho:
- siyani masamba 6-7 pamphukira wapamwamba;
- mphukira yapansi imadulidwa kuti ikonzedwe pang'ono.
M'zaka zotsatira, manja a mzere wachiwiri ndi wachitatu amapangidwa kuchokera m'malo olowera m'malo mwamphamvu. Gawo limodzi la mpesa wakale lidulidwa, ndipo maso 5-6 atsala pa linzake.
M'chaka cha 4, manja akale amachotsedwa kwathunthu. Magawo ali ndi phula lamaluwa. Mphukira zazing'ono zimapanga chitsamba chatsopano.
Kukonzanso kwathunthu... Kudula tchire lakale kumabweretsa kudzuka kwa masamba kuthengo ndi ziphuphu. Mu kasupe, mphukira zimakula mwakhama ndipo, pansi pazabwino, zimakula mpaka mita ziwiri. Chaka chotsatira, mbeu yoyamba imachotsedwa mphukira ndikupanga chitsamba chatsopano. Kudula manja akale kumatheketsa kuchotsa tizirombo tatsopano tomwe tapanga zisa m'manja akale, komanso kukonzanso gawo lomwe lili pamwambapa.
Kudulira mphesa pa chipilala kwa oyamba kumene
Pali mitundu ingapo yamakona odulira:
- chophimba pang'ono;
- chingwe;
- chingwe chimodzi chamapewa;
- zimakupiza.
Ngati mphesa sizikuphimba, pakadali pano mapangidwe omwe ali ndi theka adzachita. Ndi mapangidwe awa, mipesa imachotsedwa pamanja lamanja, lomwe limayikidwa kumtunda kwa trellis... Sleeve yopumira ili pamunsi pamunsi. Iyenera kukhala yofanana mofanana ndi chachikulu. Pansi penipeni pa tchire, ndikofunikira kusiya mphukira ya coppice ndikudula kamodzi pachaka - kugwa. Pamodzi ndi mphukira yopumira, amaiphimba nthawi yozizira. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira bwino, nthawi yotentha mphukira zomwe zakula kuchokera pamanja zimadulidwa masamba 2-3 ndipo mphukira zingapo zamphamvu zimamera kuchokera pamenepo.
Ngati mphukira yayikulu yawonongeka nthawi yozizira, imadulidwa ndipo zotsalira zimakwezedwa kumtunda wapamwamba, ndipo kuwombera kwa coppice kumalowa m'malo mwake. Ndi mtundu uwu wamapangidwe, mutha kukolola kamodzi pachaka.
Momwe mungathere tchire lomwe likuyenda
Ndikofunika kudula chitsamba chosanyalanyazidwa koyambirira kwamasika kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa mipesa yakale, yowonongeka. Kuti muchite izi, mphesa imapangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Ngati mpesa uli wobiriwira podulidwa, ndiye kuti ndi wamoyo. Ngati mpesa wouma podulidwa, ndiye kuti umadulidwanso, pafupi ndi tsinde. Ngati mtundu womwewo mpesa wachotsedwa kwathunthu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudule nthambi pang'onopang'ono.
Gawo 1:
- Ndibwino kuti mudule chisanadze chisanu kapena masika asanafike pa Epulo 1... Ndikofunika kuchotsa mphukira zosapsa kapena zowuma, kudula mbali zonse zomwe zili ndi khungwa lakuda kapena lakuda. Ngati malaya ali oundana, ndiye kuti amachotsedwa kwathunthu.
- Mukachotsa madera onse omwe anatha, pendani mphukira zotsalazo. Siyani iwo omwe ali ndi masamba 10-12 ndipo makulidwe ake akhale osachepera masentimita 5. Ngati pali mphukira zochepa, pankhaniyi zonse zatsala. Mwa zazifupi, zotsalira zomwe zidzakhale zosachepera 5 cm ndizotsalira.Amatsala mu zidutswa zisanu pa mita ziwiri za trellis. Ziyenera kukhala zogawanika mofanana pa trellis.
- Mphukira zapachaka zimachotsedwa 85%.
- M'chilimwe, masamba a mikono yosatha adzauka ndikupereka mphukira zambiri. Mphukira zonsezi ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa cha kudulira koteroko, zokolazo sizikhala zazikulu, koma kukoma kwa chipatsocho kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
Gawo lachiwiri:
- Kumapeto kwa Okutobala, chisanu chisanayambike, masamba, ndevu, ma stepon ayenera kudulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira. Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa mphukira zonse zofooka zosakwana 4 cm.
- M'zaka zotsatira, mukameta zinthu, pangani maulalo azipatso.
Kusamalira mpesa mutadulira
Ngati kudulira kunkachitika mchilimwe, ndiye mutatha kuchita izi, musanadulire nthawi yophukira, muyenera:
- Pangani kutsina. Amachitidwa pofupikitsa mphukira, kusiya masamba asanu pamulu uliwonse wa mphesa, komanso kutsina kumapeto kwa mpesa kuti uleke kukula.
- Kumanga mphukira zomwe zakula kupitirira trellis yoposa 22 cm.
- Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa;
- Yesetsani kuthamangitsa mpesa, ndikusiya masamba 14 apamwamba pamwamba pa mphukira, odulidwa.
- Chitani chithandizo chamankhwala ndi tizirombo ndi fungicides. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Topaz. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizirombo. Kusintha kumachitika katatu pachaka.
Siyani kukonzanso kulikonse masiku 21 musanakolole. Ngati matenda a fungal amapezeka, yesetsani munda wonse wamphesa!
Mukatha kudulira, muyenera:
- Thirirani kwambiri kuti nthaka izikhala ndi chinyezi nthawi yachisanu isanafike.
- Mangitsani nthaka pafupi ndi chitsamba kuti chisawonongeke ndikupereka mpweya ku mizu.
- Ikani manyowa kapena manyowa ovunda panthaka.
- Poyamba chisanu choyamba, tsekani mphesa m'nyengo yozizira. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi za paini, utuchi, peat, udzu ndizoyenera.
Mwa kudulira tchire ndi kusamalira munda wanu wamphesa pafupipafupi, mutha kuyembekezera kukolola bwino chaka chamawa. Mphesa iliyonse ikhoza kudulidwa, kuphatikizapo Isabella.