Mbatata ndi chikhalidwe chodzichepetsa. Ndi dothi loyenera, limakula bwino ngakhale nyengo yozizira. Zokolola zitha kuwonjezeka kwambiri ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo obzala mbatata. Ganizirani za kuya kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa masentimita angati kuti mubzale chikhalidwe.
Malamulo obzala mbatata
Ngakhale pali mazana amitundu yobzala mitundu yobzalidwa bwino m'malo athu ozizira, onse akufuna kuchuluka kwa kuwala, chinyezi ndi mtundu wa nthaka.
Njira yabwino yobzala mbatata ndi nthaka yakuda, momwe madera akumwera amathandizira, komanso gawo lina laling'ono. Ndili m'nthaka yakuda pomwe mizu ya mbatata, yomwe ili pamtunda wosachepera 25 cm, imakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Konzani kuya
Pali njira zitatu zokhazikitsira mbatata pansi, ndizakuya kosiyanasiyana:
- Zing'onozing'ono - osaposa masentimita 6; njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito tubers ikadali pansi pamalo ozizira, kapena dothi limakhala lolemera, loamy lomwe ndi lovuta kuthana ndi mphukira.
- Avereji - kuchokera 6 mpaka 10 cm; abwino madera okhala ndi mchenga.
- Zozama - 12 cm kapena kuposa; oyenererana ndi dothi labwino kwambiri lokhala ndi chonde chochuluka, komanso zigawo zosowa chinyezi chachilengedwe.
M'madera a chernozem, kubzala mbatata kwapakatikati ndikuzama nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kukhathamira kokwanira kwa dziko lapansi (mphukira zimatha kukwera mosavuta), ndi kutentha kwadziko lapansi koyambirira.
Kukula kwakubzala kumatsimikiziranso ndi kukula kwa ma tubers. Ngati ali ochepa (osakwana 50 g), ndiye kuti ayenera kuikidwa pamwamba pang'ono.
Mtunda pakati pa tchire mukamabzala
Ntchito yayikulu ndikudziwitsa kukula kwa dzenje - perekani mizu yazomera malo okwanira kuti ikule... Mtunda wochokera ku tubers woyandikana ndiofunikanso pano.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malowa moyenera momwe mungathere.
Kukula kwabwino kwa tubers kubzala sikungochepera 50 g ndikucheperako 100 g. Muyenera kusankha mbeu ndikukonzekera kubzala nthawi yayitali musanayambe ntchito.
Kuti mumvetse bwino mtunda pakati pa tchire mukamabzala, muyenera kuganizira za mizu yamtsogolo yazomera - sayenera kusokonezana. Timalabadira kukula kwa ma tubers: wokulirapo, ndikutalika kwambiri pakati pa mabowo omwe timasiya.
- Mbatata zolemera zosakwana 50 g - 20 cm iliyonse.
- Mbatata zolemera 50-100 g - 20-28 cm iliyonse.
- Mbatata zolemera kuposa 100g - masentimita 28 mpaka 40 aliwonse.
Kukula kwa mizu kumakhudzidwa osati kokha ndi kukula kwa tuber, komanso ndi kukula kwa "diso" lomwe mizu imakula. Ngati alipo ambiri, ndipo malowa apatukana, ndiye Kapangidwe ka mizu kadzakhala kokongola kwambiri... Mbeu iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi maso osachepera 2-3.
Kusiyana kwa mizere mukamabzala
Mtunda wapakati pa mizere yazomera ndi wofanana ndi kutalikirana kwa mabowo - kuchuluka kwa malo kumatsimikizira kukula kwa chomeracho, kulemera kwa tsinde kumawonjezeka, chifukwa chake, ndi zokolola.
Kutalikirana kochepa pamizere kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 60-70 cm, koma apa ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pazosiyanasiyana za mbatata:
- Oyambirira kucha - 70-80 masentimita.
- Kuchedwa mochedwa - 80-100 masentimita.
Lamuloli limagwira ntchito pazofala kwambiri - pamapiri ndi ngalande. Kwa njira yoyamba, ndikofunikira kukhalabe mtunda, popeza ngati mizere sili patali ndi mzake, padzakhala zovuta ndi kukweza, komwe nthawi zina kumafunika kuchitidwa kawiri pachaka.
Ngakhale kusungidwa kwa mbatata m'munda nthawi zonse kumachitika m'mizere, iwowo atha kukonzedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira yotchuka yoyesera ndikubzala m'mizere iwiri ndikukhala ndi mipata yolumikizana.
Ndi chiwembuchi "Mizere ya theka" ili pafupi moyandikana - m'masentimita 20, koma utali wa mzerewu umapangidwa wa mita imodzi osati masentimita 60-80.
Chiwembucho chimatha kusiyanasiyana ngati tchire siliyenda.
Titha kuwerengera kuti kuchulukana kwa mbewu pa zana lalikulu mita kumakhalabe kofanana ndi mtundu wakale, koma timapeza zabwino zambiri - kulumikizidwa bwino kwa mbali imodzi ya chitsamba, kusanja bwino tchire, ndipo pamapeto pake, mawonekedwe okongoletsa pabedi lam'munda.
Malangizo obzala mbatata
Osati wamaluwa onse amadziwa kuti mbatata zimaloledwa kubzalidwa osati ndi mbewu zonse, koma ndi zidutswa. Izi zimachitika mwina ndi kusowa kwa mbewu, kapena kukula kwakukulu kwa ma tubers.
Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu molakwika, popeza chomera champhamvu pakucheka chimafooka... Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira malamulo awa:
- Gawo lililonse la tuber liyenera kukhala ndi "maso" osachepera 2-3 a mizu yamtsogolo.
- Mbeu zodulidwa zimabzalidwa kokha akadadulidwa, choncho sangadwale kwambiri.
- Kulemera kocheperako kwa tuber yodula yobzala pafupifupi 30 g.
Mukamabzala mbatata, ndikofunikira kuti mizere ikhale yolimba, apo ayi mbewu zina zimakhala ndi malo ocheperako. Ndizovuta kuchita izi ndi diso.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zosavuta:
- Chongani mphasa musanadzalemo - choyamba, mzere woyamba wafotokozedwa, chikhomo chimakokedwa m'malo mwake; zotsatirazi zimayezedwa kuchokera pamzere, ndikuwonetsa malo omwe amafikira ngalande iliyonse.
- Monga wotsogolera ntchito bolodi wamba ndi bedi kutalika; mzere wotsatira ukamabzalidwa, gulu limasunthidwa, kuyesera kuti lisunge mtunda woyenera ndi diso.
Njirazi ndi zophweka, koma zothandiza. Podzala mbewu, ma mita zana akuda masentimita zana ayenera kukhala ndi tchire kuyambira 350 mpaka 500, kutengera kukula kwa ma tubers.
Njira zofikira: lokwera ndi ngalande, kukula kwa mizere
Njira zingapo zobzala mbatata zitha kuthandiza kuzindikira bwino nthaka ndikuchepetsa zolakwika zake. Pali zingapo za izi:
- Pachimake - bedi limapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe amizere, okwera masentimita 10-30; motero, ma tubers amakhala pamwamba pa nthaka.
- M'misewu - mbatata zimabzalidwa mu ngalande zosaya (5-10 cm), zodzaza ndi chonde cha humus, peat, utuchi kuyambira nthawi yophukira.
Kudzala mbatata organic muchidebe - analogue a mabedi "anzeru"; chidebecho chimapangidwa pafupifupi mita imodzi, makomawo amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa kapena njerwa; chingwe chachonde chimayikidwa m'magawo (humus-kompositi-dothi), apo ayi kuphatikizira kumangopitilira mwachizolowezi.
Zolingazi ndizosiyana ndi njira yodziwika bwino - pansi pa fosholo. Ngakhale amakhala ochuluka pantchito, ali ndi maubwino angapo.
Ndondomeko ya momwe mungabzalidwe mbatata m'munda komanso mdziko muno
Kuphatikiza pa zokolola zochuluka, njira zovuta zimapangitsa kuti zilingalire bwino nyengo zamderali.
Pachimake
Kumtunda kwake, ma grooves osaya amakoka momwe mbatata zimabzalidwa. Momwemo ndikofunika kuti chipeso:
- chinali chitunda, ndi mbali zozungulira;
- mulimonse momwe ziyenera kuchitira katatu, apo ayi chomeracho chidzaphukira m'mbali, osakweza;
- Ndikosavuta kulima kubzala koteroko, chinyezi chowonjezera sichimadzikundikira nyengo yamvula.
M'misewu
Mpaka 30 cm kuya, adadzazidwa ndi humus wachonde, momwe ma tubers amayikidwira; madzi amadziunjikira bwino ngalande, motero njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kumadera omwe nthawi yotentha imakhala youma.
Zachilengedwe muchidebe
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimasungidwa bwino m'bokosilo, gawo lachonde limatha kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse; nthaka imawotha msanga masika, chifukwa chiwembucho chimalola kubzala mitundu yoyambilira kukhwima; Chiwembucho ndichofunikira kwambiri kumadera ozizira akumpoto.
Kubzala mozama mukamagwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe ovuta
Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu ndikofunikanso m'machitidwe ovuta. Njirayi imatha kuyambika kutentha kwa dothi kukatentha mpaka 8 ° C... Ganizirani za mawonekedwe ndi kuya kwa dzenje:
- Pamphepete - m'mapiri otenthedwa kuchokera mbali zitatu, kutentha kumakwera mwachangu; Kuzama kwa tuber kumadalira kokha nthaka - pa loam osapitirira 6-8 masentimita, komanso panthaka yakuda ndi mchenga - 8-10 cm.
- M'ngalande - ndikofunikira kusunga ngalande mozama, kudikirira mpaka gawo lachonde lomwe lidzawadzaze ndi kupsinjika kumapangika osaposa masentimita asanu; mmenemo ndi kuika mbewu.
- Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi chidebe - komanso pamabedi okwera, ikani zotengera kale, kuya ndikochepa - masentimita 6-8.
Zida zachilengedwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziyikidwe kumpoto-kumwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zowala kwambiri.
Momwe mungamere mbatata pansi pa fosholo
Ngakhale chidwi chikuwonjezereka m'njira zowoneka bwino zopangira mabedi, kubzala mbatata pansi pa fosholo kwakhala njira yodziwika kwambiri. Njira ya "agogo" yobzala ndi manja, ngakhale ndiyosavuta, imafunikanso kudziwa zina kuchokera kwa wolima dimba.
Ndi masentimita angati akuya
Njirayi ndi fosholo yosavuta - dzenje limapangidwa kuti lizilowamo, theka la kutalika kwa tsamba, ndiye kuti 10-12 cm.
Mukamabzala mbatata pansi pa fosholo, ma tubers amayikidwa pansi penipeni pa mpumulowo, owazidwa ndi nthaka mwina yolumikizidwa pamwamba, kapena kupanga chitunda chotalika masentimita asanu.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a tubers mu njira ya fosholo ndi 70 cm pakati pa mizere (boletus) ndi 30 cm pakati pa mabowo.
Ndi fosholo iti yomwe ikufunika pakubzala mbatata
Yosavuta kugwira ntchito pabedi mtundu wa fosholo - bayonet... Tsamba lake limapangidwa ngati kakang'ono kozungulira. Zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo - chida chachitsulo, kapena titaniyamu. Kukula kwamasamba ovuta:
- Kutalika - 32 cm.
- Kutalika m'munsi mwake ndi 23 cm.
Palinso zosankha zomwe sizoyenera, monga lamulo, kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuposa momwe zimakhalira.
Zafika bwanji popanda fosholo
Pokonzekera mabedi, mutha kuchita popanda ngalande. Choyamba, nthaka imagwiridwa mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito khasu lam'munda, koma njirayi ndi yabwino pokhapokha mutabzala mbatata m'mizere.
Pambuyo pake zidzafuna hilling yovuta.
Njira ina yobzala mbatata ndi yocheperako. Imafanana mabedi omwewo "anzeru". Ma tubers sanaikidwe m'manda, koma amaikidwa padziko lapansi, ndikuwaza pamwamba ndi udzu kapena mulch (chisakanizo cha peat, utuchi, humus, ndi zina zambiri). Kukonzekera kumeneku kumapangitsa kutentha bwino, sikuyenera kukumba.
Olima dimba amakhala ndi njira zambiri zoti asankhe kubzala mbatata mwaukadaulo kapena mdziko muno. Lolani chomeracho chikhale chofala kwambiri komanso chololera zovuta, ndiye osachepera ena Pamafunika khama ndi khama kuchokera kwa munthu amene akulima.