Bzalani nayitrogeni ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pachakudya. Kuti mbewu iliyonse - m'nyumba, mmaluwa, ngakhale chimanga m'minda - ikule bwino, kumenyetsa, kukulitsa msipu wobiriwira, pachimake pachimake ndi kubala zipatso - amafunikira nayitrogeni. Fomu yomwe imapezeka mosavuta ya kuyamwa kwa nayitrogeni ndi ammonia kapena ammonium nitrate NH4CL. Tidzakambirana za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'munda ndi m'munda mopitilira.
Kodi ammonia ndi chiyani?
Amoniya ndi yankho la ammonia momwe nayitrogeni amakhala mu gulu la ammonium nitrate - NH4CL. Mwachilengedwe, nayitrogeni nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumtundu wamankhwala monga amide NH2 +, ammonia NH3, ammonium NH4 +, nitrite NO2-, nitrate NO3-, yomwe, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwachilengedwe, imadutsa kuchokera pamtundu wina kupita kwina motengera mabakiteriya tizilombo.
Monga mukudziwa, mbewu zimayamwa ma nitrate mulimonse, koma sizimakonda nayitrogeni ngati amoniya. Kapena, nayitrogeni mu mawonekedwewa sangathe kudziunjikira muzomera zam'mimba, ndiye kuti, mukamadyetsa zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, maluwa ndi ammonia, munthu sangachite mantha ndi kutaya madzi ndi ammonia.
Pofuna kuti feteleza amadzaza mbewu ndi nayitrogeni omwe amafunikira, njira yowonongeka ya zinthu zakuthupi (manyowa, ndowe) mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo todutsa. Amoniya, komano, amapita m'mitundu yomwe imayamwa ndi zomera mwachindunji, popanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera kunja.
Ubwino wamunda wamaluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba
Chifukwa chake, nayitrogeni ndiye gwero lalikulu la zakudya zazomera. Korona wonyezimira wobiriwira, maluwa ochuluka, kenako zipatso, kukula kwa masamba - zonsezi zimadalira nayitrogeni yomwe ili m'nthaka, popeza zomera zimatha kuzitenga m'nthaka (mumlengalenga mpaka 78% ya nayitrogeni m'njira yomwe zomera sizingafikire). Chikhalidwe cha ziweto zanu chikuwuzani zakusowa kwa nayitrogeni:
- chikasu, masamba obiriwira amamera pa mbande ndi zomera zazikulu;
- yopyapyala, phesi lofooka ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono;
- kuchepa kwa kukula, kusowa kwa maluwa;
- chitetezo chofooka - kuchepetsa kukana chisanu.
Kusowa kwa nayitrogeni panthawi ya chitukuko kumabweretsa chiwonongeko chachikulu cha mbewu.
Poterepa, kudyetsa msanga mbeu ndi nayitrogeni kumafunika. Pofuna kuti asawapatse mchere wothira mchere, womwe amadzipangira zipatso ndi minyewa yawo, ndibwino kuwonjezera ammonia panthaka (maphikidwe azovala apatsidwa pansipa).
Kuphatikiza apo, Fungo la fungo la mankhwalawa limawopsyeza tizirombo ndi tizilombo tambiri, ndi chithandizo ndi ammonia ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira nawo.
Njira ya ammonia ngati feteleza
Mbewu za Solanaceous - mbatata, biringanya, komanso tsabola, kabichi, dzungu ndi zukini - zimafunikira nitrojeni wambiri m'nthaka kuti igwire bwino ntchito komanso kubala zipatso. Kuchokera ku zipatso ndi mabulosi mbewu - raspberries, mabulosi akuda, yamatcheri ndi maula amachita bwino ndikuthira feteleza ndi ammonia. Ayenera kukonzedwa kangapo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, mapangidwe a masamba ndi maluwa.
Dahlias, maluwa, peonies, clematis, violets, zinnias ndi nasturtiums adzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola - maluwa awa amangopatsa kudya ndi nayitrogeni ngati njira ya ammonia.
Nkhaka, tomato, kaloti, beets, chimanga, adyo, currant ndi jamu tchire, mitengo ya apulo ndi maluwa apachaka amakhala okhutira ndi nayitrogeni wamba m'nthaka.
Kudya nayitrogeni wapakati, mapeyala, anyezi ndi maluwa otulutsa maluwa... Koma nyemba sizifunikira kuwonjezeranso zina - zimatha kuyamwa nayitrogeni kuchokera mlengalenga ndikuziunjikira pamizu yolumikizira mizu, ndikumeretsa nthaka ku mbewu zina.
Njira yothetsera kudya kwa nayitrogeni pachomera chilichonse cha masamba ndi zipatso - pewani 50 ml ya ammonia mu 4 malita amadzi. Ngati pakufunika njira yofooka, tsitsani supuni 1 ya mankhwala mu malita 10 a madzi, yankho la ndende yamphamvu (yokwanira kuloledwa) - supuni 1 pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Momwe mungadyetse
Mitengo yazipatso, tchire, maluwa osatha imathiriridwa ndi yankho lakunja kawiri pachaka. Tomato amadyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, kuyambira ndi Mlingo wochepa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakulitsa ndende. Pansi pa nkhaka kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe thumba losunga mazira, yankho la 2 tbsp. masipuni / malita 10 a madzi.
Kuti mupeze muvi wobiriwira wobiriwira pa anyezi, chikhalidwecho chimathiriridwa ndi yankho lolimbikira (1 tsp / 1 l madzi). Koma kuti atenge zokolola zazikulu za anyezi ndi adyo, amathiriridwa kamodzi pamlungu ndi yankho lofooka la mankhwala.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, masamba onse, tchire la mabulosi, mitengo yazipatso ndi maluwa amathiriridwa kamodzi pamasiku 7-10 pamuzu ndi yankho lofooka la ammonia - supuni imodzi pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Mlingowo ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ngati mbewu zikufuna.
Kudyetsa ndi ammonia kumathandiza kwambiri mbande za tomato, tsabola ndi kabichi, zomwe zimapangidwa milungu iwiri mutatola. Mukabzala pamalo otseguka, theka la lita imodzi ya zosakaniza (10 ml / 10 l madzi) imatsanulidwa mu dzenje lililonse - izi zimakhalanso ngati chovala chapamwamba ndipo chimamenya bwino ndi chimbalangondo.
Kuteteza tizilombo
Fungo la ammonia limanunkhira limakhudza tizirombo tambiri, ngakhale anthu osazindikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera polimbana ndi tizilombo monga:
- nyerere;
- chimbalangondo;
- mbozi;
- nsabwe za m'masamba, midges pazomera zamkati;
- anyezi ndi karoti ntchentche.
Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani yankho la sopo: pakani 100-200 g wa sopo wochapa pa grater yabwino, sungunulani madzi okwanira 1 litre, kenako pang'onopang'ono, oyambitsa bwino, onjezerani 50 ml ya 25% ya ammonia mpaka 10 malita a madzi wamba. Njira yothetsera vutoli imatsanulidwa ndi zipatso pamitengo, masamba, kabichi, tomato, nkhaka - mwachidule, mbewu zonse zomwe zimafunikira kukonzedwa. Izi sizingowopseza tizirombo, mavu ndi kafadala, komanso chakudya chabwino cha masamba azomera.
Sopo amawonjezeredwa ku yankho kuti yankho ligwiritse bwino masamba, ndipo asanadye chipatsocho, ndikokwanira kungosambitsa zipatsozo ndi madzi.
Kuti muchotse ntchentche ndi nyerere, mutha kuthirira mabedi ndi njira yofooka (njira yodzitetezera itha kukhala yovuta).
Njira zachitetezo
Fungo lakuthwa la ammonia ndi nthunzi yake, ngati njira zoyeserera sizitsatiridwa, zitha kukhala zowopsa:
- inhalation mwadzidzidzi zingachititse kupuma kumangidwa, choncho ndi bwino kusakaniza njira mu mpweya wabwino zipinda;
- mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, amatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri;
- ammonia ndi mankhwala ndipo mulimonsemo sayenera kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala okhala ndi klorini;
- kupewa zopsa, samalani kuti musapangitse mankhwalawo pakhungu ndi ntchofu.
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kuchuluka kwake ndi malamulo ake, ammonia idzakhala othandizira anu osasinthika komanso bwenzi la zomera. Adzakuthokozani ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso zokolola zambiri.