Ma raspberries akuda ndi alendo ocheperako pakati pa okhalamo komanso otisamalira. Palibe amene amadabwa ndi mitundu yachikaso. Koma mlongo wake wakuda nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi mabulosi akutchire. Odyetsa abzala zipatso zakuda zamaluwa, zakuda zakuda, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu wosadziwa kusiyana kwawo anene molimba mtima kuti rasipiberi ndi kuti mabulosi akuda.
Munkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rasipiberi yakuda ya Cumberland, kusiyana kwake ndi mabulosi akuda, ndi njira zosamalirira.
Kusiyana pakati raspberries wakuda ndi mabulosi akuda
Tiyeni tione kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa rasipiberi wakuda ndi mabulosi akuda.
- Kuti mudziwe msanga chitsamba chomwe chikukula patsogolo pathu, muyenera kutola chipatsocho. Raspberries, kaya ndi ofiira kapena akuda, ali ndi mkati mwake. Mabulosiwo adadulidwa, ndipo chomeracho chimatsalira panthambi. Pamtengo wolandirira mabulosi akutchire, chotengera chake chimaduka limodzi ndi mabulosiwo, ndipo sichikhala chopanda kanthu.
- Ndi mawonekedwe a zipatso mabulosi akuda amakhala ngati zipatso zofiira, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a oblong. Chipatso chakuda chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
- Amasiyananso nthawi yakucha. Mabulosi akuda amabweranso pang'ono. Ngakhale ma cultivar ena atha kukhala ndi nthawi yofanana yokolola.
- Mukayang'ana mbewu, mutha kupeza kusiyana ndi zimayambira. Mabulosi akuda amakhala ndi utali wobiriwira (mpaka mita zitatu) wobiriwira wokhala ndi minga yolimba. Chitsamba cha mabulosi akutchire ndi wandiweyani, chokumbutsa chingwe cha waya wolimba. Rasipiberi wakuda amakhala ndi nthambi zazifupi (kuyambira theka ndi theka mpaka mita ziwiri ndi theka)... Zimayambira ndi zazifupi, zochepa komanso zobiriwira. Minga yawo ndi yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi ya mabulosi akuda.
Rasipiberi-mabulosi akutchire wosakanizidwa
Rasipiberi wowoloka ndi mabulosi akutchire amatchedwa Tayberry, yomwe idapangidwa ku Scotland kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo. Amapezeka ngati wosakanizidwa wa mabulosi akuda ndi raspberries ndi kuyendetsa mungu wa mabulosi akuda a Aurora ndi mungu wa rasipiberi. Zotsatira zake, zipatso zazitali zofiirira zidakulitsidwa, mpaka masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. Yezhemalina Tayberry ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha zokolola zake, kukoma kokoma ndi fungo la zipatso.
Mphukira ndi minga yaying'ono imakula mpaka mamita awiri ndi theka. Mtundu wosakanizidwa umatulutsa zokolola kuyambira Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Zimasiyana pakulimbana ndi matenda, chisanu ndi tizirombo. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zosamalira ndi kubereka ndizofanana ndi kulima rasipiberi wamba.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa Tayberry ndi rasipiberi wakuda ndi mtundu wa zipatso. Chipatso cha Tysberry sichiwonetsa mdima wakuda wa rasipiberi wakuda, koma chimakhala chofiira kwambiri ndi utoto wofiirira.
Mitundu yakuda ya rasipiberi
Mitundu yoyamba ya mabulosi akuda idapangidwa ku America m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. M'dziko lathu, mitundu yotsatirayi yatchuka:
- Cumberland zosiyanasiyana ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri, ochokera kuwoloka raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda. Amasiyana pakukolola ndi kukhwima msanga, amakhala ndi mphukira zamphamvu zazitali zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zakuda buluu zimakonda ngati mabulosi akuda. Zitsambazi ndizosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, zimalekerera bwino nyengo yachisanu yaku Russia, ndipo zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
- Mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri, wokondedwa ndi wamaluwa waku Russia - Boysenberry. Mitundu yoyambilira ndi yotchuka chifukwa chakubala zipatso zazikulu zokoma. Kusakhala ndi minga pa mphukira zazitali kumapangitsa kukolola kukhala kosavuta. Monga Cumberland, Boysenberry ndi wolimba ndipo samavutika ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
- Logan yatsopano - mitundu ina yomwe idabwera kuchokera kutsidya lina. Ngakhale kutalika kwake sikupitilira mita ziwiri, kumatulutsa zipatso zabwino zoyambirira. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, mphukira zake ziyenera kuphimbidwa mosamala ndi chisanu.
Mitundu yoyesedwa yakunja ikulimbana bwino ndi mitundu yatsopano yopangidwa ndi asayansi aku Russia:
- Malasha ali a mitundu yoyambirira. Ili ndi zokolola zambiri, koma zipatso zake ndizochepa, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa.
- Litach zosiyanasiyana idabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Poland, komwe idapezeka chifukwa chosankhidwa mu 2008. Zipatso zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wabuluu. Zitsambazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphukira yayitali ndi minga yayikulu.
- Mphatso yaku Siberia Wotchuka chifukwa chakuthwa kwake m'nyengo yozizira, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala pakati pa Russia, Siberia ndi Far East. Zipatso zazing'ono zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono komanso kukoma kwa mchere.
- Mitundu yololera yochulukirapo imaphatikizapo Mwayi ndi Kutembenukakupereka kwa makilogalamu asanu pa chitsamba. Zipatso zawo sizokulirapo, koma ndizolimba, ndipo zimasungabe zowonetsera kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya Cumberland
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchuka ya chokeberry, tilingalira mawonekedwe ake. Zipatso zakuda mumtunduwu ndizazikulu, zolemera magalamu 5-6. Zokolola za pachitsamba chimodzi zimakhala mpaka makilogalamu khumi Kusamalidwa bwino, komwe kumaposa kusonkhanitsa raspberries wofiira kapena wachikasu kuthengo.
Ngakhale tikulankhula za kulimba kwachisanu kwa rasipiberi ngati rasipiberi, tikulimbikitsidwanso kuphimba tchire m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuwazaza chisanu. Chifukwa cha pogona m'nyengo yozizira ndi kucha koyambirira, raspberries wakuda amayamba mizu m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo yaku Russia. Kwa malo apakati ndi Malo Omwe Sali Akuda Padziko Lonse, amafunika kuteteza ku mphepo yozizira ndi zojambula zikafika.
Mosiyana ndi mabulosi ofiira ofiira, rasipiberi wakuda ali ndi mizu yamphamvu yomwe imakulitsa mita imodzi ndi theka.
Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wopirira nyengo zowuma bwino. Koma kusowa kwa kuthirira kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa ovary ndipo, motero, zokolola.
Tchire la Cumberland, lomwe lili ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zakucha nthawi yakucha, ndi chithunzi chokongola, chifukwa chake chimakhala chokongoletsera m'munda uliwonse. Mphukira zawo zazitali zimafikira mamita atatu, zitapachikidwa pansi ngati mawonekedwe. Mtundu wa zimayambira umakhala ndi pachimake cha bluish pamene ukupsa, ndipo zimayambira zokha zimakutidwa ndi minga.
Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Rasipiberi Wakuda
Ngakhale kuti siotchuka kwambiri, rasipiberi wakuda amatsogola m'njira zambiri kuposa obadwa nawo - ofiira ndi achikasu. Tiyeni tione ubwino wake waukulu:
- zokolola zambiri;
- kukana chilala;
- kukana tizirombo;
- kusafuna kupanga nthaka;
- imatha kukhala ngati mpanda;
- sapanga mizu yoyamwa, yomwe imalola kuti iziyikidwa momasuka m'munda;
- zipatso zili ndi mankhwala.
Zoyipa za mabulosi akutchire monga:
- kuuma kwake m'nyengo yozizira ndikotsika kwa mitundu yofiira;
- atengeke ndi tizilombo matenda.
Zothandiza zimatha zipatso
Ganizirani za phindu la Cumberland wakuda raspberries. Mwa kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi zakudya zina, rasipiberi wakuda amaposa wofiira ndi wachikasu. Mabulosi akuda ngati mabulosi akutchire ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mavitamini P), omwe amafunikira kulimbitsa mitsempha.
Anthocyanins amalimbitsa ma capillaries, amatsuka mitsempha yamagazi ku ma sclerotic plaque. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso ndi masamba ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa prothrombin, komwe kumapangitsa magazi kuundana. Mitengoyi imakhala yolemera kwambiri - chitsulo, manganese, mkuwa.
Kukoma kwawo ndi kokoma komanso kowawasa, kukumbukira mabulosi akutchire. Chifukwa chakapangidwe kake, zipatsozo zimasungidwa kwa masiku angapo, zimalekerera mayendedwe bwino.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa Tayberry
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za mtundu wakuda wa rasipiberi. Maonekedwe a tchire ndi osiyana ndi achibale ofiira wamba. Mphukira zazitali zimatha kukhala mpaka mamita atatu, kutengera mitundu. Izi zimayambira zazitali zimapachikidwa pambali, ndikupanga ma arched. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa ambiri amakhala ndi garter wa zimayambira ku trellis.
Mitengo yakuda yakuda imatha kukhala ndi zaka ziwiri, chifukwa mphukira zobiriwira zimabala zipatso, mpaka mita imodzi.
Amapanga zimayambira pachaka. Chifukwa chake, pamtundu uwu ndikofunikira kudulira molondola mphukira zofananira ndikudula zimayambira zakale m'dzinja. Zimayambira pachaka, zomwe zimapatsa zipatso chaka chamawa.
Kulima ndi njira zosamalira raspberries wakuda
Kudulira kugwa
Kodi chepetsa raspberries wakuda? Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kawiri m'nyengoyi. Kumapeto kwa Juni, gawo lokwera la mphukira limadulidwa pakukula kwaumunthu. Njirayi idzafulumizitsa mapangidwe a mphukira za zipatso. Mphukira zofooka zimachotsedwa, kupewa kunenepa kwa tchire.
M'dzinja, chisanachitike chisanu, mphukira za zaka ziwiri zimachotsedwa. Siyani zaka, zomwe zimafupikitsidwa mpaka theka la mita pamwamba panthaka.
Kubereka
Kufalitsa zipatso zakuda sizovuta kwenikweni. Pofuna kubereka, zigawo za apical zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, kumapeto kwa zipatso, mphukira zazitali zimapendekeka ndipo nsonga zake zimayikidwa m'makonzedwe okonzeka mpaka masentimita khumi, ndikuphimba ndi nthaka.
Phimbani ndi udzu ndi utuchi kuchokera kumwamba. M'chaka, cuttings idzazika ndikupanga mphukira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande.
Kudzala mbande
Kubzala mbande za haibridi sikusiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina. Choyamba muyenera kusankha malo okwerera ndikukonzekera. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira komanso kukhala dzuwa lokwanira.
Mukabzala raspberries pafupi ndi mpanda, mutha kuwapatsa chitetezo ku kuzizira ndikuthandizira kukula.... Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kugwira ntchito ngati mpanda chifukwa cha minga yolimba, yomwe anthu ochepa sangayerekeze nayo.
Posankha malo, m'pofunika kupewa omwe adalipo kale monga nightshades onse: mbatata, tomato, zukini ndi ena. Komanso, musabzale pafupi ndi rasipiberi wofiira. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala osachepera mamita khumi.
Zomera zam'munda zotsatirazi zidzakhala zoyambirira bwino:
- karoti;
- tsabola;
- anyezi adyo;
- marigolds ndi marigolds.
Ndikofunika kulemekeza mtunda pakati pa tchire, poganizira kutalika kwa mphukira. Mzere umodzi, tchire limabzalidwa pakadutsa mita imodzi, komanso pakati pa mizere yoyandikana - mita ziwiri.
Ngakhale rasipiberi wakuda safuna kwenikweni panthaka, loams, nthaka yakuda ndi mchenga loam ndiye dothi labwino kwambiri kuti lipeze zokolola zabwino. Zomera zimabzalidwa nthawi yophukira (kumapeto kwa Seputembara - koyambirira kwa Okutobala) kapena koyambirira kwa masika.
Podzala mbande, m'pofunika kukonzekera dzenje lokwanira theka la mita. Pansi pa dzenje lililonse pamakhala chisakanizo cha humus (6-8 kg), superphosphate (200 g), potaziyamu sulphate (80 g). Manyowa amchere amatha kusinthidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa (0,5 kg). Kapangidwe kake kamasakanizidwa ndi dziko lapansi, chitunda chimapangidwa. Mtengo umayikidwa pamwamba pake, mizu imawongoka, imakonkhedwa pang'ono ndi nthaka, pang'onopang'ono ndikuimangiriza ndi manja anu.
Khosi la chomeracho siliyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthaka.
Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka yozungulira yadzazidwa ndi utuchi, udzu, humus. Mzere wa mulch uyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita asanu.
Kuti mupeze zamphamvu komanso nthawi yomweyo zomera zophatikizika, mphukira zazing'ono zapachaka zimatsinidwa kutalika kwa theka la mita, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira.
Feteleza
Ndibwino kuti feteleza mbewuzo ndi kompositi zaka zitatu zilizonse - pafupifupi ma kilogalamu asanu pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Maluwa atatha, chakudya choyamba chimachitika ndikulowetsedwa kwa manyowa (magawo asanu ndi limodzi amadzi amatengedwa gawo limodzi la manyowa) kapena zitosi za nkhuku (chiŵerengero ndi madzi 1:16). Phulusa la nkhuni (1 lita) ndi superphosphate (50 g) zimawonjezeredwa ku chidebe cholowetsedwa. Mavalidwe omwewo amachitikanso kawiri - nthawi yakupsa ndi kuyamba kukolola.
Kugwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Ezhemalina imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi matenda, osatengeka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuposa ofiira. Sizingatheke kuti zikhudzidwe ndi matenda omwe ali ndi raspberries - verticillary wilting. Ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo omwe sangachiritsidwe. Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa limadulidwa, kuzulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, ezemalina amabzalidwa patali pafupifupi mamitala khumi kuchokera ku raspberries wofiira. M'nyengo yamvula yotentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza ngalande zadothi kuti tipewe matenda a fungus. Pofuna kupewa, tchire amapopera ndi zokonzekera zamkuwa. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ezhemalina imatha kukhudzidwa ndi anthracnose, yomwe imadziwika ngati pachimake choyera pamasamba.... Pofuna kuwongolera, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Topaz, Mikosan kapena ena omwe amapezeka pamalonda. Mwa othandizira olamulira organic, infusions ndi decoctions amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutsekemera kwa mahatchi kwatsimikizika bwino.
Kilogalamu imodzi ya udzu imatsanuliridwa mu ndowa ya madzi, imaphatikizidwa kwa tsiku limodzi. Tsiku lotsatira, zikuchokera ndi yophika kwa theka la ora. Pakukonza, vutoli limachepetsedwa ndi 1: 5. Horsetail ingasinthidwe ndi nettle, koma osakakamira tsiku limodzi, koma milungu iwiri. Kusungunuka ndi gawo lomwelo.
Mwa tizirombo, rasipiberi kachilomboka ndi koopsa kwambiri. Masamba asanawuke pa tchire, chithandizo choyamba chimachitika ndi yankho la nitrophene (2% yankho). Chithandizo chachiwiri chimachitika maluwa akamamera ndikulowetsedwa kwa chowawa ndi marigolds. Magalamu mazana awiri azitsamba amathiridwa ndi ndowa, amalimbikira osachepera tsiku.
Monga mukuwonera pamwambapa, rasipiberi wakuda amatanthauza hybrids omwe amaphatikiza zabwino zonse za mabulosi akutchire ndi rasipiberi wofiira. Zipatso ndizotchuka osati kokha chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo, komanso chifukwa cha mankhwala. Zitsambazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri, kudzichepetsa. Chifukwa chake, sizikhala zovuta kwa oyamba kumene kusamalira mabulosi akuda.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe rasipiberi wakuda amatchedwa, mukudziwa mawonekedwe ake ndi njira zosamalira wosakanizidwa.