Kuti mupeze tomato wonunkhira bwino kumapeto kwa nyengo, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kusamalira ndi chisankho choyenera cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kugula mbewu zodzabzala. Chifukwa kuti apeze zomwe akufuna pakukolola phwetekere, olima mindawo amakonda kubzala mbande, ndipo sagula zokonzeka pamsika.
Kudzala phwetekere
Kulima phwetekere si kovuta makamaka kwa wamaluwa. chinthu chachikulu perekani zofunikira kenako pamapeto pake padzakhala zokolola zabwino zamasamba.
Malamulo onse:
- Kusankha mbewu;
- Kufesa mbewu;
- Kukula mbande;
- Kufika pamalo otseguka;
Momwe mungabzalidwe kuchokera ku mbewu
Mutha kulima mbande m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Kudzala mbewu muzotengera zokonzekera - iyi ndi njira yomwe amafesidwira koyamba m'bokosi limodzi, ndipo atakwera pansi amakhala m'makontena osiyana;
- Kukutira mbewu m'matewera - amatchedwanso njira yaku Moscow ndipo amachita izi motere - ikani tepi ya cellophane, pepala lapachimbudzi pa iyo, inyowetseni ndi madzi ofunda, ikani nyemba zowonjezera 1 cm ndi 1.5 masentimita kuchokera pamphepete mwake, pepala lina pamwamba, moisten ndi ikani tepi ina ya cellophane. Pambuyo pazolakwika zonse, timasandutsa chilichonse kukhala mpukutuwo ndikuuika mu chidebe momwe mumatsanulira madzi kuti matewera agwire;
- Kudzala mbewu pamalo otseguka pansi pa kanemayo - mbewu zimabzalidwa panthaka yotenthedwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi kanema wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera kuzizira zozizira;
Ndikofunika kusankha njira yoyenera kuti kukula kusakhale ntchito yolemetsa.
Momwe mungamere mbande
Kuti mumvetse bwino kubzala phwetekere, mutha kupereka chitsanzo kutengera mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Tretyakovsky F1. Chomeracho chimakhala chokhazikika komanso choyenera kukula m'mabuku obiriwira. Kuyambira mphukira zoyamba mpaka zipatso kucha zimadutsa Miyezi 3.5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kubzala mbewu mpaka Epulo 1.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu iliyonse payokha mu piritsikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa mizu. Kusamaliranso mbande sikusiyana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka.
Zing'onoting'ono sizimafalitsa zamtundu wawo pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungafesere phwetekere
Kufesa tomato kwa mbande kumachitika kuyambira kuyambira zaka khumi za February mpaka Epulo 1... Mutha kuphunzira ukadaulo wofesa mbewu powerenga nkhaniyi.
Kunyumba, tomato amatha kulimidwa pawindo, khonde lowotcha, patebulo, ngati ili ndi chowunikira kuti mbande zisatambasulidwe.
Wolima dimba yekha amasankha momwe angasankhire njira yobzala mbewu za phwetekere kwa mbande. Koma choyambirira, muyenera kugula mbewu zabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagulidwa m'minda yamaluwa yapadera kuchokera kwa opanga odalirika. Izi zimakupatsani chidaliro chopeza mbewu zoyenera.
Kusankha mbewu
Ngati tomato amabzalidwa koyamba pamalowo, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwirizane ndi zomwe wokonda nyanjayo amakonda ndikukalimidwa mdera lina.
Chifukwa chake, pali malamulo ena omwe ayenera kutsatidwa posankha mbewu za phwetekere:
- Choyamba ndi nyengo yakucha zipatso zonse... Popeza kudera lakumpoto, komwe nthawi yotentha imakhala yotentha komanso yotentha, nyakulima amatha kugula mitundu ina pambuyo pake.
- Tiyeneranso kulingalira kutalika kwa tchire, popeza ngati kubzala tomato kudzachitika wowonjezera kutentha, pokhudzana ndi malo opulumutsa, ndi bwino kusamala ndi mitundu yayitali yololera. Ngati malo obzala phwetekere ndi akulu, ndiye kuti ndibwino kubzala mitundu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 50-100 masentimita, chifukwa m'malo akulu sizopindulitsa kuyika zothandizira tomato wamtali.
- Kukula kwa phwetekere - apa mutha kuwona mitundu ina wopangidwira dera linalake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mderali muli mwayi wopeza zokolola zambiri mosiyanasiyana.
- Ngati phukusili likunena kuti phwetekere lamtunduwu limangamera mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti sayenera kubzalidwa panja, popeza phwetekere silingakhaleko.
- Kukula kwa zipatso zakupsa kwathunthu ndikofunikira, popeza tomato wamkulu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokha kudula masaladi, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwa 5-6 cm ndi mawonekedwe olondola, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
Mukamadzisankhira nokha, werengani zomwe zalembedwa phukusili, izi zithandizira kusankha momwe tomato amagwirizira ndi dera komanso zokonda zam'munda.
Zakudya za mmera
Masiku ano pali ziwiya zosiyanasiyana zapadera zokulirapo. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti poyamba mbewu zimabzalidwa m'bokosi la mmera lokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 12, kenako, ndikutuluka, mbande zimabzalidwa m'makontena osiyana. osachepera 200 gr.
Chifukwa chake, zotsatirazi zitha kusinthidwa kukhala mabokosi okhalamo:
- Mkaka ndi mabokosi amadzi;
- Dulani malita 5. mabotolo apulasitiki;
- Mabokosi matabwa.
Kwa chidebe chomwe zimaphukira m'madzi omwe amathiriridwa, zotayidwa ndizoyenera makapu okhala ndi voliyumu ya 200 ndi 500 gr.
Ndikofunikira kuti mbalezo zikhale ndi mabowo otayira madzi owonjezera.
Kufunika kwa nthaka
Mukasankha miphika, ndibwino kuti musankhe nthaka yoyenera pomwe mungabzala mbewu. Choyamba, ziyenera kukhala chopatsa thanzi komanso chosasunthika... Chifukwa chake, mutha kugula zoyambira pasitolo yoyenera.
Kapena mutha kuzipanga nokha, mutenga zonse mofanana:
- Peat.
- Munda wamunda.
- Mchenga.
Malo aliwonse amene agulidwa kapena opangidwa ndi manja anu ayenera kukhala ndi mankhwala. Oyenera izi kuzizira kapena kuwotcha - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti tizilombo tambiri tofa.
Kukonzekera mbewu kunyumba
Kuti mudziwe ngati njerezo ndizoyenera kufesa panthaka, muyenera kudziwa momwe zingakhalire. Izi zimadziwika m'njira ziwiri:
- Mchere wamchere umapangidwa ndipo mbewu zimatsanuliramo, zomwe zatulukazo zitha kutayidwa bwino, zotsalazo ndizoyenera kukula.
- Mbewu kumera pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza, ndipo mphukira ikangotuluka, imabzalidwa m'galasi ndi dothi.
Mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa m'makampani odziwika bwino adayesedwa kale kuti zimere ndikuthandizidwa ndi zopatsa mphamvu, kotero siziyenera kuthiridwa.
Momwe mungabzalire nthaka panthaka moyenera
Nthaka yokonzekererayo imatsanulidwira m'mitsuko ndikuthira pogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira pansi. Pambuyo pa madzi ochulukirapo masamba pamtunda, timitsinje tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa mozama zosakwana 5 mm, ndizosavuta kuchita izi ndi wolamulira, chifukwa chake mizereyo imapezeka chimodzimodzi. Mbewu zimayikidwa mu ngalande ndi gawo la masentimita 2.5 ndikuwaza nthaka. Masentimita 4 atsala pakati pa ngalandezo.
Mukabzala mbeu, tsekani zotengera ndi galasi kapena kuziyika mu thumba la pulasitiki. Izi ziteteza dothi kuti lisaume ndikupanga zotenthetsera mothandizidwa ndi mphukira zabwino za phwetekere.
Kutsika
Matimati amadzimadzi amachitika pamene mmera udzafuna mbale ziwiri za masamba... Kuti muchite izi, dothi limanyowa bwino ndikuchotsa mmera umodzi nthawi imodzi ndikuziika mu chidebe china malinga ndi mizu. Njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira izi ndi kunyumba kapena m'nyumba.
Mukasambira, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa mwachangu komanso mosamala popanda kusiya njira, kuti zisawononge mbandezo.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira kwina kudzakhala ndi kuthirira, komwe ziyenera kukhala zanthawi zonsekoma kuteteza kuti madzi asadzere m'nthaka. Komanso, mbewu zimayenera kuyimirira pazenera lotentha komanso lowala bwino kuti pasakhale kutambasula kwakukulu kwa mphukira. Imasinthidwa kamodzi pamlungu mosiyana ndi gwero lowala kuti isamere mopindika.
Palibe chifukwa cha umuna, popeza dothi silikalamba miyezi 1.5. Musanabzala panja kapena wowonjezera kutentha, mbandezo pang'onopang'ono zimakonda kutseguka - zimaumitsidwa.
Mbande zabwino zimawoneka mwamphamvu, masamba obiriwira, mbale 6 zamasamba ndi kutalika sichiposa 15-20 cm.
Zolakwitsa zikukula
Zolakwitsa zazikulu za wamaluwa wamaluwa akamakula mbande:
- Mbewu zosankhidwa molakwika.
- Malo oyipa m'mabokosi okula.
- Kutentha kosalondola ndi kuwala koyipa.
- Kudyetsa mbande ndi feteleza mopepuka.
Nthawi yosungirako
Popanda dothi, mbande sizisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, osapitirira maola awiri, bola zikakulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa osagona padzuwa.
Madeti obzala tomato
Popeza mbande za phwetekere pakatha miyezi iwiri zakonzeka kubzala pamalo omwe akukula kwambiri, mbandezo zimafesedwa Masiku 60 kuphatikiza masiku asanu kuti mbeu imere.
Kufesa pansi
Ngati ili ndiye gawo la Krasnodar ku Russia, ndiye kuti mbande zimayamba kubzalidwa pansi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha mutha Masabata awiri m'mbuyomu.
Kutengera ndi mawu awa, timawerengetsa masiku 65 ndikupeza tsikulo:
- Padziko lotseguka - kubzala mbewu kwa mbande kumayamba pa February 25 osati kale chifukwa ndizovuta mbande zokulirapo kuti zizimire pamalo atsopano;
- Kwa malo obzala, amayamba kubzala mbewu za mbande pa February 20.
Muyenera kubzala nthawi kuti mupeze mbande zabwino.
Mbewu za mbande zimabzalidwa asanafike pa Epulo 1, chifukwa mukadzabzala tchire la phwetekere pokhapokha zokongoletsa, tomato azimangirira, ndipo sadzakhala ndi nthawi yakupsa. Nthawi imeneyi imagwiranso ntchito makamaka kumadera akumpoto kwa Russia.
Kodi mungabzala liti mitundu yamitengo ikuluikulu
Choyamba, tomato ndi tomato ndi dzina lofanana la chomera. Tomato wobala zipatso zazikulu amabzalidwa nthawi zambiri pobzala mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kukula mbande za tomato otere, ayamba kale kubzala mbewu m'zaka khumi za February.
Zovulaza ndikufika koyambirira
Mbewu zoyambirira kubzalidwa, chifukwa chake, ndizochulukitsa mbande za phwetekere, osati ndi maluwa okha, komanso ndi zipatso m'mimba mwake. Mbande zoterezo, zikafika pamalo akulu, zimadwala kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuponyera maluwa ndi zipatso.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu munthawi yake kuti mupange mbande zabwino. Kutsatira malamulo onse okula mbande, mudzapeza zokolola zabwino zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere.