Amwenye adapatsa dziko lapansi mbewu zambiri zamasamba: chimanga, tomato ndi mbatata. Pakati pawo pali banja la atitchoku waku Yerusalemu. M'zaka za zana la 17, mbewu iyi idapulumutsa nzika zaku Canada ku njala. Ndipo patapita zaka mazana ambiri zidadziwika kuti peyala yadothi imatha kuteteza khansa, matenda amtima ndi sitiroko. Kulima masamba ndikotheka kutchire komanso m'malo amtundu wa Moscow ndi Middle strip. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwona chisamaliro choyenera cha chomeracho ndikukonzekera nthaka musanadzalemo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a atitchoku waku Yerusalemu
Atitchoku ku Yerusalemu - osatha chomera, wokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu ndi tsinde lolunjika mpaka 4 m kutalika. Masambawo ndi akulu, kutalika kwa 20-25 cm. Maluwawo ndi ochepa, mpaka 10 cm m'mimba mwake, wachikaso kapena golide. Pa mphukira zapansi, tubers (zoyera, zofiira, zofiirira), zimawoneka ngati mpiru, ndi mnofu woyera.
Iwo chopatsa thanzi kwambiri ndipo muli:
- fructose
- kufufuza zinthu (silicon, manganese, chromium)
- macronutrients (potaziyamu, sulfure, phosphorous)
- mapuloteni
- mavitamini (B, C, carotene)
- amino acid (methionine, threonine, lysine)
Nthanga yadothi ndi chomera chodzipereka kwambiri, chilala komanso chosagwira chisanu. Mapesi a masamba amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -12 madigiri. Tubers amatha kuzizira kwa mwezi umodzi pansi -10 madigiri, kusungunuka ndikukwera masika.
Atitchoku waku Yerusalemu amabweretsa zokolola zochuluka mosasamala nyengo. Imadziwika kuti ndi mbewu yachitetezo.
Chiyambi ndi kufalitsa mbewu
Artichoke waku Jerusalemu amapezeka ku North America. Linatchedwa ndi mtundu wa Amwenye a Topinambo. Adakula ndikudya mizu nthawi yayitali asanafike azungu.
Chikhalidwe cha masamba chidabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku Canada m'zaka za zana la 17. Chomera chosadzichepetsacho mwachangu chinazika mizu ku kontinentiyo yatsopano. Artichoke ya ku Jerusalem imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudya ku England, Holland ndi France. Ku Germany anamutcha dzina peyala yadothi ndi mbatata ya schnapps (vodka amapangidwa pamaziko ake apa).
Ku Russia, chikhalidwe cha masamba chidadziwika pakati pa zaka za 17th. Vinyo wokhala ndi mizu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtima ndi mitsempha. Kenako zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa, olemera okha ndi omwe adadya.
Pambuyo pa zaka zana, peyala yadothi imafalikira paliponse. Zipatso mphodza, wiritsani ndi wokazinga, sayenera kudyedwa yaiwisi. Atitchoku wokazinga ku Yerusalemu amakonda ngati mbatata yokazinga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Yerusalemu atitchoku muli inulin... Kamodzi mthupi la munthu, polysaccharide imatsuka magazi kuchokera ku cholesterol ndi zinthu zowola.
Kuphatikiza apo, atitchoku waku Yerusalemu:
- Amachiza matenda am'mimba: gastritis ndi kapamba. Imathetsa dysbiosis, imathandizira kudzimbidwa ndi colic.
- Amachotsa slags ndi mchere wazitsulo zolemera m'thupi.
- Ali ndi diuretic kwenikweni. Zothandiza kwa anthu okhala ndi miyala ya impso.
- Amachepetsa kupanikizika... Analimbikitsa matenda oopsa.
- Amachepetsa shuga m'magazi chifukwa cha inulin (thandizani matenda ashuga).
- Amalimbitsa mtima ndikuletsa kuyika kwa mchere m'thupi (zothandiza kwa osteochondrosis, arthrosis, gout).
Nthaka yoyenera kubzala atitchoku ku Yerusalemu
Kukula kwa peyala dothi lililonse, kupatula acidic mwamphamvu komanso madzi... Mphukira zochuluka zimaperekedwa kwa:
- dothi lakuda lotayirira
- kuwala loam
- nthaka ya chigumula
Chomeracho chimamvera feteleza ndi feteleza.
Mzuwo umagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri ndi tiziromboti (Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, nematode ndi vuto lochedwa) ndipo safuna mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kukula ndi kusamalira kuthengo kumunda kapena kumunda
Tubers amafunika kubzalidwa pansi kumayambiriro kwa Meyipamene mpweya ukufunda mpaka madigiri 18... Pakugwa, tsambalo lakonzedwa:
- Adakumba mpaka kubzala kwa tubers (15 cm)
- chotsani dothi pansi
- onjezerani manyowa m'nthaka
Ziphuphu zazikulu zimasankhidwa kuti zibzalidwe ndi kubereka. Mawanga owawa amadulidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi makala. Mitundu ya tubers yathanzi ikakhala, zokolola zidzachuluka.
Nthaka imamasulidwa ndikumalumikizidwa musanadzalemo, imagawika mizere ndi 70 cm... Tubers ayenera kubzalidwa patali Kutalikirana kwa 40-50 cm... Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa nthawi yotentha mbande zimatha kutalika kwa mita ziwiri. Masamba a atitchoku aku Yerusalemu ndi wandiweyani, ophatikizana ndikubzala pafupi. Izi zitha kuvutitsa chisamaliro cha mbewu.
Asanatuluke komanso nthaka itatha kumasula ndi khasu... Kuyambira kubzala mpaka kukolola, muzu wa zosowa umafunikira kuthirira madzi ambiri... Ndikofunika kuti musadzaze chomera. Chinyezi chowonjezera ndi chowopsa povunda komanso mawonekedwe a slugs. Ndipo choyipa ndikuchedwa kukula ndi zipatso zazing'ono. Jerusalem artichoke kamodzi pamwezi chakudya potashi ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Ndikofunika kuwona kukula kwa mbewu. Ngati amakula mopepuka, amataya masamba ndikudzaza pachimake, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda kapena tizirombo. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Pamene mbande imakwera mpaka 30 cm spud... Apanso, zomerazo zimakhala pakati pa chilimwe. Pamene zimayambira za peyala yadothi ikafika mita imodzi kutalika, amamangiriridwa pazilimbikitso zolimba. Mwachitsanzo, kupangira zingwe zothandizira zitsamba.
Zikangomera zimakula, zimakhala zaukhondo kudula kutalika kwa 1.5 m, maluwa nawonso amachotsedwa. Izi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu ndi mapangidwe a tuber.
Nthawi yokolola tubers
Mitundu ya tubers idzacha pambuyo masiku 120 kuyambira pomwe adatulukira. Mwezi umodzi musanakolole, kudyetsa kuyimitsidwa, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri zimayambira mpaka 30 cm. Izi zidzathandiza chipatso kukhala ndi khungu lolimba ndikuwonjezera mashelufu ake.
Mukasiya tubers pansi, ndiye iwo zikhala mpaka masika... Pofuna kuteteza kuzizira, mabedi amawazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi humus ndikutidwa ndi udzu. Zimayambira amadulidwa. Madontho a kutentha sangakhudze zipatso za peyala yadothi. Adzasungunuka ndi kuzizira. Koma masamba obiriwira adzafa ngati atasiyidwa.
M'chaka, zipatso pamabedi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zimayambira. Amakula msanga ndipo ngati simungayang'anire kukula kwawo, ndiye kuti peyala yadothi imatha kuchotsa mbewu zina pabedi.
Nthawi yabwino yokolola ndi Okutobala kapena Novembala. Pambuyo pake, padzakhala kutuluka kwa michere kuchokera ku tubers kupita ku zimayambira ndi masamba.
Ngati akufuna kulima mbewu zina pamalopo, ndiye kuti dothi limafesedwa mbewu za silage. Kenako amatoleredwa kuti azidya chakudya chobiriwira, ndipo nthaka imakumba mozama ndipo mankhwala ophera zitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga atitchoku wa Yerusalemu.
Zosungirako zokolola
M'nthaka
Apa ndipomwe zipatso zimasungidwa motalika kwambiri... Kuti izi zitheke, zimayikidwa mu kabowo kakang'ono ndikuphimba peat kapena mchenga pamwamba. Malo osungira ndi ouma komanso okwera. Dzenje lokwanira masentimita 30 amakumbidwa mozungulira phompho kukhetsa madzi.
M'chipinda chapansi
Zokolola za tubers zimasungidwa m'malo amdima komanso ozizira. Chipinda chapansi kapena cellar chokhala ndi kutentha ndikoyenera kuchokera +1 mpaka +4 madigiri ndi chinyezi cha mpweya mpaka 90%... Zomera zamasamba zimasungidwa m'mabokosi amitengo. Amakutidwa ndi mchenga wokutidwa ndi plywood.
Kunyumba
Loggia kapena khonde loyera ndiloyenera kusungidwa. Ngati mizu amaundana, sadzataya zakudya zawo. Amasungidwa m'mabokosi kapena m'matumba odzaza mchenga kwa miyezi iwiri.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti atitchoku waku Yerusalemu sangaime ndi dzuwa komanso kutentha.
Mufiriji
Mbewu za muzu zimatsukidwa bwino ndikuuma. Pakusunga, gwiritsani ntchito matumba kapena zotsekera. Zipatso zimasungunuka ndikuziyika m'madzi ozizira. Artichoke yatsopano ya Jerusalem imasungidwa mgawo la masamba mpaka masabata atatu, mufiriji - mpaka miyezi itatu.
Ndi kulakwitsa kukhulupirira kuti popeza peyala yadothi ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, ndiye kuti safunika kuyisamalira. Kulima ndiwo zamasamba ndikupeza zokolola zochuluka kumafunika chidwi ndi ntchito yaying'ono. Izi ndi ntchito zosavuta komanso zosangalatsa. Adzapereka zoposa phindu la peyala yadothi. Kupatula apo, thanzi ndiye chuma chofunikira chomwe chiyenera kutetezedwa.