Nyama ya nkhuku, mazira a nkhuku ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe aliyense amakhala nazo patebulo. Chifukwa chake, kulera nkhuku si bizinesi yopindulitsa kokha, komanso kubweza. Komabe, musanaganize zoyamba kuweta nkhuku, ndibwino kuti muphunzire mwatsatanetsatane maubwino onse oweta nkhuku, kuweta ndikukula.
Munkhaniyi tikambirana zakuweta nkhuku kunyumba kwa oyamba kumene, tiphunzira momwe angawetere nkhuku, chifukwa chiyani nkhuku zimanyoza, zomwe zingapatse ma broiler otsekula m'mimba ndi zina zovuta.
Momwe mungasankhire anapiye mukamagula?
Kulera nkhuku kuchokera pachofungatira kunyumba ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa nyama ndi mazira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthenga za mbalame, manyowa ngati feteleza. Koma kuti bizinesi imeneyi ikhale yothandiza, m'pofunika kusankha nkhuku zoyenera.
Nthawi yabwino kugula nkhuku ndi Epulo-Meyi.... Ndikofunika kugula anapiye akale. Ndi bwino kugula anapiye m'minda ya nkhuku, chifukwa m'malo amenewa muli zotsimikizira kuti anthuwo ndi athanzi komanso olimba. Komabe, kuti musankhe nkhuku, muyenera kudziwa mitundu yazosankha kutengera msinkhu wa anthu.
Tsiku lililonse
Kuti musalakwitse ndikukhala ndi anapiye akale azaka zogula pogula, muyenera kumvetsetsa njira zingapo zowonekera kwa achinyamata:
- Mwana wankhuku ayenera kukhala woumawathanzi komanso wogwira ntchito;
- Pansi sayenera kukhala womata. Mwa mawonekedwe iye ayenera kukhala fluffy, opanda dothi ndi zinyalala zakunja;
- Pa ana amphongo a tsiku limodzi panthawi yogulitsa chingwe cha umbilical chiyenera kukulira;
- Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'anitsitsa chingwe cha umbilical. Ngati pali zinsinsi pa izo, ndiye kuti kukula kwachichepereku sikuyenera kugula. Kutuluka ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda opatsirana;
- Cloaca iyenera kukhala yoyera, pinki wonyezimira ndi kapangidwe konyowa. Pasapezeke dothi, kapena ndowe;
- Anapiye ayenera kukhala nawo kuthana ndi phokoso;
- Kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala kolunjika;
- Mutu uyenera kukhala wowongoka;
- Mlomo wosalala ndi wolondola ndi mawonekedwe amitundu.
Mlungu uliwonse
Nthawi zina alimi a nkhuku amagula anapiye akale sabata imodzi kuti asunge ndalama komanso nthawi. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse lingaliro lolondola ndi lolondola. Achinyamata azaka izi atha kutenga matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi lawo ndi lofooka komanso lamphamvu.
Koma ngati mungafune kugula nkhuku sabata iliyonse, muyenera kuganizira izi:
- Anthu akuyenera kukhala yogwira komanso yathanzi;
- Nthenga ziyenera kukhala zosalala popanda dothi, ndowe;
- Mimba iyenera kukhala yofewa pakukhudza;
- Mutu ndi wowongoka, wofanana;
- Mlomo ndi wolunjika ndi mawonekedwe amitundu;
- Kuyankha bwino phokoso;
- Ziyenera kuchitika kale kujompha reflex;
- Mapikowo ayenera kulumikizidwa kwambiri ndi thupi;
- Cloaca iyenera kukhala yoyera, yapinki komanso yopanda dothi komanso zotsekemera.
Mwezi uliwonse
Anapiye amwezi umodzi sagulidwa kawirikawiri kuti athetse banja. Komabe, alimi ena amakhulupirira izi Munthawi imeneyi, anthu amakhala ndi moyo wabwino ndipo amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda opatsirana... Mwina zili choncho, koma simuyenera kukhulupirira izi. Nthawi zina anthu amadwala pafupipafupi mwezi uliwonse.
Mulimonsemo, njira zosankhira anapiye pamwezi ndizofanana:
- Ntchito ndi kuyenda;
- Kuyankha bwino phokoso;
- Nthenga - fluffy, opanda dothi, ndowe, ndi mawonekedwe osalala;
- Mimba iyenera kukhala yofewa mpaka kukhudza;
- Mutu uyenera kukhala wofanana komanso wofanana;
- Mlomo uyenera kukhala ndi autilaini yolinganizidwa bwino yokhala ndi utoto wosongoka;
- Anapiye ayenera kukhala atakula kale akujompha;
- M'pofunikanso kusamala mapiko, iwo ayenera mwamphamvu mbamuikha pa thupi;
- Cloaca iyenera kukhala yoyera, yapinki, komanso yopanda zitosi kapena zotulutsa.
Kodi ndi bwino kukula ndi nkhuku kapena pachofungatira?
NKHANI za kutsegulira nkhuku ndi nkhuku kwa oyamba kumene
Momwe mungakulire nkhuku kuchokera dzira kunyumba popanda chofungatira? Alimi ena odziwa zambiri amakonda kuswa mazira pansi pa nkhuku chifukwa ndi chilengedwe.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kuzindikira nkhuku yomwe yatsala pang'ono kuwaswa sikungakhale kovuta. Ndibwino kuti muzisamala ndi khalidwe la nkhuku. Ngati modzidzimutsa nkhuku siyituluka mu chisa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kukhala komweko usiku, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuti chibadwa chotsitsimutsa chadzuka mmenemo.
Koma musamaikire mazira pansi pake, ndibwino kuti muwone momwe munthuyo amakhalira kwakanthawi... Muyenera kulola nkhuku kukhala pansi. Nkhuku yokonzedweratu yokonzedwera, ikatulutsidwa m'chisa, imapanga phokoso lophwanyika ndipo imang'ambika ndi mphamvu zake zonse kubwerera ku chisa. Poterepa, kulera ana anapiye kunyumba kumakhala ndalama zambiri.
Kutengera kulemera kwa munthuyo, mazira 11 mpaka 21 amayikidwa pansi pake. Malo owaswa ayenera kupatukana ndi nkhuku zina zonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito khola lina losanjirako, kapena ikani chisa pamalo amdima a nkhuku.
Onetsetsani kudyetsa nkhukukotero kuti asafe ndi njala ndi kutopa, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunika kuchotsa nkhuku mwamphamvu mu chisa ndikudyetsa ndi kuthirira kawiri patsiku.
Anapiye okhala ndi nkhuku amatulutsa masiku 20-21. Nthawi zina pamakhala zochitika pamene mwana wankhuku, osadikirira kuti aswe kwathunthu, amatha kusiya mazira otsala ndikupita kokayenda ndi omwe aswedwa kale. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe mavuto osasangalatsa awa, anthu omwe adaswa kale amaikidwa m'bokosi kapena pamalo otentha, nyali imayikidwa kaye pamwamba pawo. Pa masiku 22-23, banja limagwirizana.
Ubwino:
- Njira zachilengedwe;
- Kupulumuka kwakukulu;
- Anapiye kuyambira nthawi yomwe amaswa ndi nthawi yotsatira amakhala limodzi ndi nkhuku;
- Chuma. Njirayi idzafunika ndalama zochepa.
Zovuta:
- Njira yayitali;
- Kuchuluka kwa anapiye oswa pa nyengo;
- Pali kuthekera koti nkhuku yankhuku ingakodolere mazira ikusakaniza;
- Kutola nkhuku motere kumatha kupezeka kamodzi kokha panyengo komanso nyengo yotentha.
Mbali za kulera nkhuku mu chofungatira kunyumba ndikuzidyetsa
Kuswana nkhuku pogwiritsa ntchito chofungatira ndikofunika kwambiri ndipo maubwino okweza nkhuku pambuyo poti chofungulirachi chalankhula izi, pakati pawo ndi omwe akuyenera kufotokozedwa kwambiri:
- Ntchito yopindulitsa. Mu nyengo imodzi, chofungatira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka maulendo 10;
- Ntchito yosavuta... Chipangizochi ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, sichiyenera kudyetsedwa, kuthiriridwa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chodandaula kuti nkhuku yankhuku idzaswetsa mazira;
- Mutha kuikira mazira 50 ndi kupitilira apo;
- Anapiye amatuluka chaka chonse... Zipangizozi zimapereka ntchito zonse zomwe zimapereka nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha.
Kutengera magwiridwe antchito, makina opangira makina opangira makina ndi makina, owongolera komanso osinthika.
Mu makina opangira makina, dzira lililonse limasinthidwa pamanja... Kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina opangira makina ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndi chida chogwiritsira dzanja. Komabe, mu makina amtundu uwu, palibe dzira limodzi lomwe limatembenuzidwa, koma zonse mwakamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kusunga kwazinyontho ndi kutentha kwa mitundu yonse yazida kumakhala ndi mwini wake.
Koma zida zomwe zimasinthira mazira zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa mlimi, chifukwa ali ndi digito imodzi. Pakukhazika mazira, kutentha kumayenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo kumakhala kolimba panthawi yakusakaniza.
Ngati kutentha kumakwera kapena kutsika kwambiri, makinawo amapanga phokoso lakuthwa... Kuphatikiza apo, mazira amatembenuzidwa ola lililonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kamwana kameneka kasamamatire ku chipolopolocho, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mwana wamoyo. Komabe, zipangizozi ndi zodula. Koma iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mungawonjezere nkhuku zathanzi.
Mikhalidwe yomangidwa
Malo
Kuletsa anapiye kuti asagwiritse ntchito makinawa kunyumba kumakhala kosavuta. Kumbukirani malamulo ochepa osamalira nyumba ya nkhuku:
- Chofunikira m'chipindacho ndi ukhondo. Onetsetsani kuti mwayeretsa malo omwe anapiye amasungidwa tsiku lililonse, chotsani zinyalala, chakudya chosadyedwa. Kupanda kutero, matenda amatha kuwonekera mwachangu mchipinda chodetsedwa;
- Ngati zinyalala zilipo mnyumba, zimasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Ikhale yoyera nthawi zonse ndi youma;
- Sikoyenera kuti nkhuku zambiri zizipezeka m'malo osungidwamo. Ndikofunikira kupatsa nyama zazing'ono malo omasuka kuti zizitha kuyenda momasuka, kuthamanga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- Chiwerengero cha ziweto molunjika zimadalira malo amalo osungira anapiye.
Sikoyenera kusunga anapiye m'nyumba nthawi zonse. Nthawi zonse, mumayenera kutengera mbalamezo panja kuti muziyenda, koma makamaka mukakhala ndi miyezi iwiri. Mpweya wabwino, kupeza zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti ziwalo zonse zam'mimba za mbalame zizigwira ntchito bwino.
Kuwala
Chachiwiri chofunikira posungira anapiye ndi chopepuka. Kutalika kwa maola masana kumadalira msinkhu wa achichepere.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba a moyo wa nkhuku, ndikofunikira kusunga nthawi yayitali masana osachepera maola 18... Izi zimachepetsedwa mpaka maola 10 anapiye asanafike miyezi inayi.
Zizindikirozi sizidalira mtundu wa nkhuku. Kuphatikiza apo, zilibe kanthu kuti nkhuku zimadyera chiyani - kwa mazira kapena nyama, chizindikirochi chizikhala chosasintha. Kutalika kwa masana masana nthawi yachisanu kumatha kusungidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kuyatsa kowonjezera mchipinda momwe anthuwo amasungidwa.
Kutentha kwa kuswana anthu athanzi
Kutentha magawo kumadalira msinkhu wa mbalame:
- Kwa anthu osintha mpaka masiku asanu, kutentha koyenera mchipindacho kumawerengedwa kuti ndi mpaka + 32 digiri Celsius;
- Pofika masiku 6 amoyo mpaka masiku 9, kutentha kumachepa pang'onopang'ono mpaka + 28 digiri Celsius;
- Kuyambira tsiku la 10 mpaka 20, kutentha kumachepetsedwa ndi madigiri ena 3 +25 degrees Celsius;
- Munthawi yotsatira, kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa kuyambira madigiri 20 mpaka 24 digiri Celsius.
Kukhala ndi mulingo woyenera wa kutentha kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyatsa nyali. M'nyengo yozizira, zowonjezera zowonjezera zitha kukhazikitsidwa.
Chakudya
Zoyenera kupereka m'masiku oyamba amoyo
Kudyetsa anapiye kuyenera kuyambika atangomwaswa... Komabe, ndikofunikira kudikirira kwakanthawi kuti awume, kuti mukhale olimba pang'ono.
Mbeu zazing'ono zazing'onoting'ono ziyenera kutsanuliridwa mu chodyera chokhala mosabisa kapena pansi pa bokosi. Mbewuyi ili ndi dongosolo labwino, chifukwa chake chakudyachi chimakhala choyenera kwambiri anapiye obadwa kumene.
Osapatsa yolk wosweka kwa nkhuku zobadwa kumene. Izi zili ndi mafuta ambiri. Komanso, akatswiri azachipatala ambiri amadziwa kuti chakudyachi sichikhala ndi nkhawa mthupi la nkhuku yomwe yangobadwa kumene. Zotsatira zake, mapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kamakoma am'mimba amasokonekera. Ngati roughage imaperekedwa mutatha kudya, imatha kuyambitsa kudzimbidwa.
Kudyetsa anapiye akale
Zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losiyana siyana, mosiyana ndi anapiye omwe angoyamba kumene, ndizosiyana kale. Kuphatikiza pa chimanga, anthu atha kupatsidwa chakudya china:
- Semolina;
- Balere akumenya;
- Mapira;
- Nthaka oat flakes;
- Tirigu groats.
Njira yodyetsera anapiye akale imayenera kuchitika maola awiri aliwonse... Chakudya chiyenera kuperekedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti musasakanize tirigu, apo ayi anthu ena amayamba kusankha chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndipo amangodya. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kupatsa zosakaniza zapadera komanso zowuma.
Kukula kwathunthu ndi kukulira, anapiye ayenera kupatsidwa zinthu zina kuwonjezera pa chimanga. Kwa achinyamata, tchizi kanyumba ndi kothandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, thupi la nkhuku ladzaza ndi zinthu za nayitrogeni ndi calcium. Kanyumba kanyumba kangaperekedwe kuchokera masiku 2-3 kutuluka nkhuku m'mawa, musanasakanize ndi chimanga.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti zopangidwa ndi mkaka zimapindulitsa kwambiri ana... M'malo mwa madzi, mutha kuthira whey, kefir yamadzi mwa womwa. Patsiku lachitatu, anthu akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi zitsamba. Chakudya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito plantain, clover, dandelion, nettle, kuluma. Pa tsiku lachisanu, anyezi wobiriwira ayenera kufotokozedwa. Anyezi wobiriwira amakhala ndi phindu - amateteza kwambiri thupi kumatenda osiyanasiyana amatumbo.
Mlungu uliwonse
Anthu omwe ali ndi sabata limodzi amatha kuyamba kupereka chisakanizo cha chimanga, balere, oat ndi tirigu. Mbewu zimasakanizidwa mofanana - 1: 1.
Kuphatikiza apo, zitsamba zodulidwa ndi zopangira mkaka zitha kuwonjezeredwa muzosakaniza. Munthawi imeneyi, anthu amatha kudyetsedwa kale kangapo, koma magawo ayenera kukhala akulu. Mpaka pa 4-5 kudyetsa kuyenera kulandiridwa patsiku.
Nyengo
Kuyambira mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo, anapiye amasulidwa pamsewu kuti ayende. Pachifukwa ichi, zakudya panthawiyi ndizobiriwira. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsamba ndi masamba ena, anthu amalandira mavitamini ofunikira thupi lawo lokula.
Kuphatikiza apo tirigu wolandidwa mwamphamvu amayambitsidwa kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana... Kuyambira mwezi ndi theka, akulu ayenera kudya tirigu yense. Mutha kupatsa nyama ndi fupa chakudya ndi zinyalala.
Momwe mungadziwire kuti nkhuku ndi chiani: nkhuku kapena tambala?
M'dzira
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji nkhuku kuchokera ku tambala mu dzira? Alimi ambiri a nkhuku sangakhutire pomwe, ataswa, kuchuluka kwa amuna kumakhala pafupifupi 80-90%. Chifukwa chake, pazochitikazi, njira yodziwitsa kugonana kwa tambala kapena nkhuku ndi dzira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zikuwoneka kuti ntchitoyi ndi yovuta komanso yosatheka, koma sizili choncho.
Kuti mudziwe kugonana kwa dzira, malangizo angathandize:
- Choyamba muyenera tengani dzira mdzanja lanu lamanja, pomwe kumapeto kwenikweni kwa dzira kuyenera kupita patsogolo;
- Komanso yendetsani chala chanu chakumanzere pamwamba;
- Ngati mphete ndi ziphuphu zikuwonetsedwa kumapeto kumtunda, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuti tambala adzawoneka. Ngati pamwamba pa dzira lili ndi mawonekedwe osalala - nkhuku.
Pa usana
Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji nkhuku ndi tambala masana? Patsiku limodzi lokha, zikhalidwe zakugonana sizimawonekera konse, kotero ndizovuta kudziwa kugonana. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthenga zambiri., koma amuna, m'malo mwake, ndi osowa, m'malo ena amatha kukhala opanda fluff.
Pa miyezi iwiri
Momwe mungamuuzire tambala kuchokera ku nkhuku miyezi iwiri? Pazaka izi, jenda imatha kutsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo:
- Mitengo... Anthu omwe ali ndi nthenga zambiri ndi akazi, pomwe omwe ali ndi nthenga zochepa ndi amuna;
- Pofika msinkhu uwu, tambala amakhala ndi chisa, ndevu zimakhala zofiira, ndipo nkhope yazungulira;
- Mu tambala, miyendo imakhala yayitali, ma spurs amatha kuwonekera kale;
- Mwa amuna, ziboda zokulira zimawoneka kumchira.
Pa miyezi 3 ndi 4
Momwe mungasiyanitsire tambala ndi nkhuku miyezi itatu kapena inayi Mukakwanitsa miyezi itatu, kutsimikiza kwa kugonana kwa anthu ndikosavuta, m'matumba mutha kuwona izi:
- Scallop imakhala yowala;
- Crest, ndevu ndi ndolo zimakhala zazikulu;
- Miyendo imakhala yokwera;
- Spurs amawoneka kale pamapazi;
- Mchira uli ndi zingwe zazitali.
Njira zokhazikitsira m'minda ya nkhuku
Kuphatikiza pa njira zachikhalidwe zodziwira kuti nkhuku ndi zachiwerewere bwanji, pali njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafamu a nkhuku. Njirazi zimathandizira kudziwa kuti amuna kapena akazi ndi otani
Njira ya cytogenetic
Kodi tambala amatha kusiyanitsa bwanji ndi nkhuku ndi njira imeneyi? Njirayi idakhazikitsidwa potengera zaka zomwe karyotype ya nthenga yam'mimba imachita mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri mwa amuna omwe alibe mwezi umodzi, chromosome Z imakhala ngati metacentric yayitali kwambiri.
Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa ma chromosomes awa ndi ochepera ka 10; W-chromosomes - submetacentric amalamulira mthupi lawo. Ngati, pakuwunika, zapezeka kuti Z-chromosome ilipo mthupi limodzi, ndiye kuti ndi nkhuku, ngati pali ma chromosomes ambiri, ndiye cockerel.
DNA
Njirayi, momwe mungasiyanitsire nkhuku ndi akazi, imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kugonana kwa anapiye ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kusakanizidwa kwamtundu wa magazi a DNA ndi choyambira.
Achinyamata amatha kudziwika molondola kwambiri posanthula zitsanzo kapena magazi athunthu, otsuka ma erythrocyte. Zoyipa za njirayi ndi monga kukwera mtengo komanso kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito.
Pamapiko
Kudziwa jenda pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi:
- Njira yoyamba ndi kuyendera mtundu wa mapikowo... Ali ndi zaka 2-3, mapiko a anapiye amawunikiridwa - mwa amuna amakhala opepuka pang'ono kuposa akazi;
- Njira yachiwiri ndi powerenga nthenga... Ndikofunika kukoka phiko la mwana wankhuku ndikufalitsa. Nkhuku zimakhazikika poyamba, pachifukwa ichi nthenga 6-7 zoyambirira zimakhala zazikulu kukula, mosiyana ndi zina. Koma amuna amakhala ndi nthenga zofanana.
Kukula
Kugonana kwa anapiye kumatsimikizika kutengera kukula kwawo. Nthawi zambiri njira yolondola kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito njirayi. Ngati munthu ali ndi misa yokwanira msinkhu wake, ndiye kuti ndi tambala. Ngati misa ndiyochepa, ndiye kuti ndi wamkazi. Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 5.
Momwe mungauzire kugonana kwa nkhuku ndi utoto?
Kutsimikiza kwa kugonana ndi mtundu wa nthenga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa anthu oyera:
- Nsapato zothamanga... Pafupifupi zaka 1 tsiku, zikhalidwe zakugonana zimatsimikizika: beige ndizofanana kwa akazi, komanso yoyera kwa amuna;
- Mitundu yachiwerewere... Nkhuku zili ndi mitundu ya monochromatic - imvi, yoyera, yakuda, ndipo yamwamuna imakhala ndi mikwingwirima;
- Brahmas... Akazi ali ndi mikwingwirima yosiyana kumbuyo ndi kuloza pamutu. Amuna amakhalanso ndi mikwingwirima ndi madontho, koma amakhala opanda kwenikweni;
- Mitundu ya Rhode Island ndi New Hampshire. Pa tsiku lachiwiri ataswa, mawanga amdima ndi mikwingwirima imatha kuwoneka pamutu pa akazi; amuna alibe izi;
- Chinyengo cha Adler. Akazi ndi achikasu, ndipo amuna ndi mandimu okhala ndi mzere wakuda pamutu pawo.
Njira yaku Japan
Njira imeneyi yogwiritsira ntchito anapiye amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafamu ambiri a nkhuku. Kulondola kwa njirayi ndi pafupifupi 95%. Komabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi, muyenera kukhala ndi luso lapadera.
Musanayambe kuganiza zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka maliseche a anapiye ndikupeza kusiyana kwawo.
Amuna amatha kupatulidwa ndi akazi pozindikira chifuwa mu anus, yomwe ilibe nkhuku zamtsogolo:
- Choyamba, cloaca ya mwana wankhuku amatsukidwa ndi ndowe;
- Kenaka, munthuyo ayenera kutengedwa m'manja mwanu, kutembenuka, ndi miyendo pambali kuti cloaca iwoneke bwino;
- Dzenje liyenera kukankhidwira padera, nthawi yomweyo muyenera kuyika pamimba. Chifukwa cha izi, mawonekedwe amkati mwa cloaca adzawonekera bwino.
Kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa cloaca ya akazi ndi amuna:
- Mwa akazi, cloaca imawoneka ngati nodule yoyera yopanda bulges;
- Mwa amuna, chifuwa chachikulu chamaliseche chimapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Pofuna kupewa zovuta, njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa ndi woweta nkhuku kapena mlimi waluso.
Zosintha
momwe mungasiyanitsire anapiye pogonana pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi? Njira yotsimikizirira jenda imachitika m'njira ziwiri:
- Tengani mwana wankhuku ndi khosi ndikuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa miyendo kwakanthawi. Kawirikawiri nkhuku zimayesera kupindika miyendo, ndi kumata zikhadabo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, imakweza mawoko pang'ono. Ndipo ma bettas, m'malo mwake, samapotoza miyendo yawo, ndipo sawasuntha, amangoyimilira pamalo amodzi;
- Mutha, m'malo mwake, tengani mwana wankhuku miyendo ndikuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa mutu. Nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimakweza mitu yawo mmwamba, ndipo tambala, m'malo mwake, amangokhala osasunthika.
Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji tambala ndi nkhuku ndi mawu?
Nthawi zambiri njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a Orpington ndi a Cochin. Liwu laimuna ndilabwino kwambiri, lofanana ndi kokoka. Mwa akazi, m'malo mwake, mawu ake ndi ocheperako, makamaka amalira. Njirayi sikukuthandizani kuti muzindikire momwe amuna kapena akazi amagonana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi alimi odziwa nkhuku.
Momwe mungadziwire zaka?
Nthawi zambiri zaka za anapiye zimatsimikizika ndi nthenga. Ndibwino kuti mukumbukire mawonekedwe a nthenga kutengera msinkhu:
- Pakati pa masiku 8 ndi 12 azaka, nthenga zimawonekera m'mbali mwa phewa;
- Pakati pa masiku 12 mpaka 16, nthenga zimawonekera pa zokolola ndi m'mawere;
- Mu anapiye a masabata atatu zakubadwa, molt woyamba amawoneka, ndikutuluka konse kumachoka mchira;
- Kumapeto kwa sabata lachisanu, nthenga zowuluka zimakula, ndipo nthenga zimawonekera kumbuyo kwa thupi;
- Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zakubadwa, nthenga imaphimba mutu ndi thupi lotsika;
- Nthenga zonse zimawonetsedwa zaka 3 miyezi.
Matenda a nkhuku
Nkhuku, komanso anapiye a mitundu ina ya mbalame, amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Matenda otsatirawa amapezeka kwambiri:
- Avitominosis;
- Poizoni;
- Matenda am'mimba;
- Salmonellosis;
- Coccidosis;
- Typhus ndi ena ambiri.
Pofuna kuchiza matenda, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikilo zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda a nkhuku.
Kutsekula m'mimba nkhuku
Chifukwa chomwe ma broilers amanyoza nkhuku nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Pansipa, tiyeni tiyesere kuzindikira ndi kumvetsetsa zifukwa zonse za izi.
Kutsekula m'mimba koyera kwa ma broilers: kodi kungachiritsidwe?
Nthawi zambiri, nkhuku zimayamba kutsegula m'mimba zoyera. Amatchedwanso pullorosis. Matendawa amapezeka mwamphamvu ndipo amakhudza matumbo osalimba a nkhuku. Wothandizira matendawa ndi bacillus wotchedwa salmonella. Matendawa amafalikira kwambiri, m'masiku ochepa pafupifupi mbalame zonse zimatha kudwala.
Kodi mungachiritse bwanji matenda otsekula m'mimba mu nkhuku? Pofuna kuteteza, muyenera kuyeretsa chipinda cha zinyalala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda onse. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'ana kutentha kwa mpweya ndi mpweya wabwino.
Anthu obwezeretsedwawo awonongedwa. Nyama ya mbalame zodwala siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu.
Kutsekula m'mimba kwa ma broilers: chifukwa chiyani komanso momwe mungachiritsire?
Kutsekula m'mimba kumeneku kumatha kuchitika panthawi yamatenda opatsirana, komanso ngati mikhalidwe yosungidwa sikutsatiridwa. Nthawi zina ndowe zachikasu zimawoneka mu matenda a Gumboro. Pazochitikazi, kuyezetsa kumachitika.
Kuphatikiza apo Kutsekula m'maso wachikaso kumatha kubwera chifukwa chapanikizika, hypothermia, chifukwa chodyetsa bwino. Pakadali pano, mankhwala azitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndipo malo amatetezedwa ndi mankhwala.
Kutsekula m'mimba m'magazi: chizindikiro cha matenda ati?
Kutsekula m'mimba nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi coccidiosis. Matendawa ndi owopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti mbalame zonse zizifa. Matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha ukhondo, mwachitsanzo, kuyeretsa chipinda mosayembekezereka. Matendawa amakhudza matumbo. Kuphatikiza pa kutsekula m'mimba, izi zimachitika:
- Kutaya njala;
- Kulekerera, kusagwira ntchito;
- Nthenga zowombedwa;
- Zonyansa zamagazi ndi ntchofu zimawoneka mu ndowe.
Kodi mungatani ngati nkhuku zili ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba? Pofuna kulandira chithandizo ndi kupewa, m'pofunika kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda munthawi yake, katemera ndikupatseni mankhwala oyenera.
Kutsekula m'mimba nkhuku zankhuku ndi chithandizo chake
Ma broiler ali ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba ndi eimeriosis. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha majeremusi osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka m'matumbo a nkhuku kapena nkhuku. Matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha chakudya, zofunda, gadfly.
Zizindikiro za matenda:
- Anthu amakhala pamalo amodzi ndi maso otseka;
- Nthenga zowombedwa;
- Mapikowo anali opachikika pansi;
- Kusowa kwa njala;
- Kutsekula m'mimba Brown ndi ntchofu.
Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa panthawi yophunzira. Chithandizo chimachitika bwino msanga. Zochizira mankhwala ntchito - coccidiostatics.
Nkhuku zimasokoneza zobiriwira
Kutsekula m'mimba kumachitika ndi matenda a pasteurellosis. Pachifukwa ichi, mayeso, kusanthula kumachitika. Ngati matendawa atsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti akuyenera kulandira chithandizo choyenera.
Pakalibe pasteurellosis, kutsegula m'mimba kumatha kuyambitsa chakudya chotsika kwambiri chomwe chatha. Pachifukwa ichi, chithandizocho chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira (opangira mpweya). Zakudya zokayikitsa ziyenera kutayidwa ndikupatsidwa chakudya chapamwamba chokha.
Nyongolotsi
Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimakhala ndi matenda osasangalatsa monga helminthiasis. Matendawa ndi owopsa, ndipo pafupifupi 50% ya milandu, ngati sanalandire chithandizo mwachangu, imabweretsa imfa. Zizindikiro za mphutsi mu nkhuku ndizotopa kwambiri.
Choopsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuti chimakhudza anthu onse m'chipinda chimodzi. Nyongolotsi zimatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi ndowe za anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndipo, pamodzi ndi chakudya, zimalowa m'thupi la anthu athanzi.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati nkhuku zili ndi mphutsi? Kuti mupulumutse mbalame zonse, muyenera kubzala anapiye omwe ali ndi kachilomboka munthawi yake, kuyeretsa mchipinda, kuchotsa zogona zonse ndikuyanika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chilichonse. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala a antihelminthic ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Mankhwala a nyongolotsi ayenera kuperekedwa msanga.
Kupewa matenda
Njira zodzitetezera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a nkhuku ndi izi:
- Kuyeretsa panthawiyo ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda saline solution, caustic soda, bulitchi;
- Kutsata kuchuluka kwa ziweto mnyumba ya nkhuku. Ndikofunika kuti anapiye m'chipinda chimodzi akhale ochepa;
- Zakudya zabwino zomwe zili ndi michere yambiri;
- Ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa mpweya mchipinda;
- Kugwirizana ndi kutentha kwa chipinda;
- Soldering mbalame ndi mankhwala motsutsana matenda opatsirana;
- Katemera wa panthawi yake.
Kuswana nkhuku ndi ntchito yolemetsa yomwe imafunikira udindo waukulu. Kuti ziweto zikhale zathanzi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo onse oyang'anira. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kukula kwathunthu ndi kukula kwa anapiye ndi chisamaliro ndi chidwi!
Tsopano mukudziwa kuweta nkhuku kunyumba, kuchiza nkhuku, zoyenera kuchita ngati nkhuku zayamba nyongolotsi, komanso momwe mungachiritse matenda otsekula m'mimba mwa nkhuku ndi akulu. Tsatirani malingaliro onse ndipo samalani anapiye.
Ndi kanema wamomwe mungadyetsere nkhuku: