Pakadali pano, madera ang'onoang'ono apatsidwa magawo a minda, pomwe sizotheka kusiya nthaka, koma ndizovuta kuwona kusinthasintha kwa mbewu. Mlimi kapena wolima dimba aliyense amazindikira kuti kubzala zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zamabanja awo kumafunikira maluso ena. Ngakhale zili choncho, kuti ndikosavuta kugula ndikuthira feteleza m'nthaka, ambiri amakonda kupaka ma humus m'nthaka, omwe adadzipangira okha.
Humus ndi chiyani
- mtundu wa nthaka yachonde yomwe ili ndi manyowa owola ndi zotsalira zazomera, mbewu zochulukirapo zomwe zidabzalidwa kale, zimayambira dzuŵa ndi maluwa a mpendadzuwa, masamba osagwa.
- izi ndizo priming momwemo michere yambiri yopindulitsa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula ndi kudyetsa mbande za mbewu ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zikulimidwa, ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa zitsamba ndi mitengo, kutalikitsa nthawi yamaluwa amkati, ndi feteleza wokhala ndi organic ndipo imapereka phindu logwiritsa ntchito ngati feteleza.
- powoneka ngati humus, ndi dothi lofiirira lakuda, lopanda fungo lakuthwa, losalala, lotseguka, zotsalira zazomera siziyenera kukhalamo.
Manyowa omwe amapezeka chifukwa chake amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pansi pa maluwa apachaka (popeza fetereza wamkulu amalimbikitsa kukula kwamasamba ambiri), ndipo maluwa amachepetsa.
Zosiyanasiyana
Mapepala
Kusonkhanitsa masamba akugwa m'nyengo yamvula yophukira ndi ntchito yolemetsa, koma zotsatira zake mutapeza humus kuchokera kwa iwo zimatsimikizira kuyeserera komwe mwachita.
Ndibwino kuti mutenge masamba omwe agwera ndi fan fan, ndikuwayika muzotengera zokonzedwa bwino, atha kutero matumba apulasitiki chifukwa cha zinyalala za soda, zazikulu Matumba onyalala kapena mpanda wabwino wokhala ndi mauna achitsulo ngati bokosi lotseguka pamwamba.
Pamalo ozungulira pamakoma a matumba apulasitiki, ndikofunikira kupereka mabowo ndikatha kusindikiza ndi masamba kuthira madzi ambiri ndi taye (urea itha kuwonjezeredwa), ndikofunikira kusunga matumbawo pamalo obisika (kapena ngakhale m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba) pomwe simabzalamo mbewu.
Pambuyo posonkhanitsa masamba m'dzinja pansi pa mitengo tizirombo sitimayambandipo matenda samakula omwe amalepheretsa iwo kukula ndikukula zokolola zabwino.
Mu humus iyi mumakhala zakudya zochepa komanso zinthu zochepa, koma ikalowa m'nthaka, imakhala ndi chinyezi m'mizu (makamaka nyengo youma), imathandizira pakuchulukitsa kwa mphutsi, zomwe zimamasula nthaka ndikuthandizira kuyipanga ndi mpweya.
Kuphatikiza apo, tsamba la humus limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira mbewu zamasamba monga tomato, nkhaka, tsabola, udzu wa nthaka umapangidwa, womwe umalepheretsa kuyanika, umapangitsa nthaka kukhala yoyeserera, utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati wolima mbewu zamkati ndi zokongoletsera zomwe zidakonzedweratu posungira maluwa ndi minda yamphesa m'nyengo yozizira (amateteza kuzizira).
Masamba a zipatso amapangidwa ngati humus pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ndi acicular (conifers) nthawi Zaka 2-3 (mukamakolola, ndikofunikira kuti muwapere). Kutaya humus kumapezeka masamba mkati mwa 1.5 - 3 zaka.
Pofuna kudya mpweya, masamba amayenera kusakanizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kuchokera manyowa
Manyowa humus ndi mtundu wa nthaka yachonde yomwe imapezeka kuchokera ku manyowa owonongeka.
Manyowa a manyowa amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinyalala zanyama, zotsalira zodyetsa mbewu ndi zofunda zanyama zomwe zimawonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali, sayenera kukhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, lotayirira, mtundu wapansi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wabwino.
Momwe humus amagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati feteleza
M'chaka, feteleza kuchokera ku humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumabowo ndi mapiri musanadzalemo mbewu ndi mbande, amathanso kudyetsa nthaka yamasamba obzalidwa nthawi yophukira (adyo, kaloti, anyezi). Peresenti yambiri ya feterezayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabokosi kapena m'malo obzala kumene mbande zimamizidwa ngati cholumikizira ndikuphatikiza feteleza wobzalidwa.
Ndi bwino kubweretsa humus pansi pa mitengo, tchire ndi mbatata kugwa, ndi mbewu zamasamba, m'malo mwake, zimayenera kupanga musanakumba, ndiye kuti, mchaka.
Ngati manyowa osavunda mokwanira, ndiye kuti mbali zazikuluzikulu za manyowa zitha kuthiriridwa mu chidebe ndi madzi (1: 1), zizimveka kwa sabata limodzi ndikuthirira tchire ndi yankho lomaliza ngati feteleza wamadzi (madzi pang'ono, kutsanulira pansi pa muzu sikuvomerezeka).
Mutha kuyika manyowa kugwa, kufalitsa pansi pa chipale chofewa, koma chisanu chikasungunuka, namsongole ambiri amawoneka, omwe adzafunika kuchotsedwa ndikuchotsa maudzu kuti asachulukane.
Ntchito ndi manyowa ikuchitika ndi magolovesi.
Kuti akonze fetereza wa organic kuchokera ku manyowa, m'pofunika kulinganiza muluwo kufikira utamasuka ndikusiya masiku 5-7 ya "nayonso mphamvu", mtsogolo, mulu wokhala ndi manyowa wokutidwa ndi nthaka wandiweyani mpaka 10 cm yokutidwa ndi kanema (kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino). Masika, nthaka imachotsedwa, ndipo kanemayo amatsala.
Kupanga feteleza wowonjezera ndi manja anu
Kunyumba yachilimwe kapena chiwembu chanu, mutha kukonzekera "humus" wosakanikirana.
- Kukumba pamalo obisika dzenje pansi (kukula 1.5 m2, ndi pafupifupi 0.5 m kuya).
- Makomawo adayikidwa ndi chitsulo (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito) kapena zotsalira za slate.
- Timapinda maudzu kuchokera kupalira, mutha kukhala ndi zotsalira za chakudya choyambira, komanso kuwonjezera kambalame kakang'ono kapena manyowa ena omwe akupezeka.
- Fukani ndi nthaka ndi madzi powonjezera zitsamba.
- Kumapeto kwa nyengo yotentha, ndibwino kuti mugwire ntchito yosakaniza humus yamtsogolo yomwe idayikidwa mdzenje.
Kupeza manyowa achonde chaka chimodzi sikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mizu yayikulu, makamaka kuchokera ku tchire lakale la sitiroberi, popeza ndi wandiweyani ndipo ndi bwino kuumitsa ndikuwotcha, kenako gwiritsani ntchito phulusa kudyetsa (makamaka mukamabzala kabichi).
Manyowa omwe amakonzekera okha amapulumutsa ndalama ndipo ndi feteleza wofunika kwambiri.
Mtundu wa umunawu ndi wofunikira kudyetsa tchire, mitengo, mbewu zonse, popeza nthaka imakhala yachonde, nthaka imakula, imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazakudya zomwe zimakula, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zakula popanda zosavulaza komanso poizoni.