Mitundu ya nkhaka ya Nizhyn idatchedwa ndi mzinda waku Nizhyn ku Ukraine. Mbiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayamba pakati pa zaka za zana la 18. Nkhaka izi zinali zotchuka ku Tsarist Russia komanso ku Europe. Iwo samasiya osayanjanitsanso wamaluwa amakono.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a Nezhinsky zosiyanasiyana
Pakati pa nyengo, mitundu yambiri ya mungu. Iyamba kubweretsa zokolola Patatha masiku 45-65 kumera... Chomeracho chimapereka kutalika, mpaka mamita awiri, zikwapu, kotero izi sizoyenera zipinda. Mtundu wamaluwa - wosakanikirana.
Zipatsozo zimafotokozedwa kuti ndizabwino kwambiri.
Nkhaka ndizotalika ovoid, mawonekedwe ake ndi wandiweyani, wobiriwira ndi minga yakuda. Kukula kwa zipatso - Masentimita 10 ndi masentimita 100 g.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe, kulima kumatheka onse mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso panthaka yopanda chitetezo... Komabe, njira yachiwiri ndiyabwino chifukwa chakufunika kwachilengedwe.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Nkhaka Nezhinsky ili ndi mafani ambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Mitundu imeneyi yakhala ikudziwika ndikukula kwazaka zambiri.
Zina mwazabwino ndi izi:
- zabwino kwambiri kukoma ndi mawonekedwe
- chilengedwe chonse. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso posungira;
- Kutalika kwa zipatso;
- amalekerera modekha kutentha, Yoyenera nthaka yopanda chitetezo;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri;
- kulekerera mayendedwe bwino;
- wodzichepetsa pakulima.
Kuipa kwa mitundu iyi kumachitika chifukwa chodalira kuyendetsa mungu kwa njuchi.
Zofunika panthaka yobzala
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, ndikofunikira konzani nthaka moyenera ndikusankha malo abwino chodzala nkhaka. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kubweretsa manyowa atsopano m'nthaka. Zotsogola zabwino za nkhaka ndi tomato, mbatata, ndi kabichi. Koma pambuyo pa mavwende ndi mabala, nkhaka zimakula bwino.
M'nthaka yolemera yadongo, zimakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa mizu ya nkhaka. Koma izi zitha kukonzedwa powonjezera humus. Musanadzalemo nthaka imafunikira kukumba ndi kuchotsa namsongole onse.
Pansi pa nthaka yovundikira, manyowa amathiridwa mwezi umodzi musanadzale nyembazo.
Kufesa malamulo
Kufesa mbewu za nkhaka ndizotheka m'njira ziwiri - mbande komanso m'nthaka... Komanso, njira yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
Podzala m'nthaka, nyembazo zimadzidumphira kale ndikuchiritsidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate yoteteza matenda. Mbewu imabzalidwa m'nthaka yotentha (osati kale kuposa pakati pa Meyi) mpaka masentimita 2.5.
Siyani osachepera 30 cm, ndi pakati pa mizere 50-60 masentimita... Kenako bedi limakutidwa ndi agrofibre, lomwe limateteza mbande ku kuzizira, komanso dothi kuti lisaume.
Madzi momwe amafunikira, kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.
Mukamabzala mbewu ndi mbande, mbewu iliyonse imabzalidwa mu chidebe china. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu ya mitundu ya maungu ndi yosakhwima kwambiri, ndipo nkofunika kuti isawawononge mukamaika. Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apadera a peat pa izi.
Mbande ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo owala bwino komanso ofunda... Mukuwala pang'ono, ziphukazo zimakhala zofooka komanso zazitali. Musanabzala, mbande ziyenera "kuumitsidwa" kwa sabata. Zomera zimachotsedwa panja, koyamba masana, zimawonjezera nthawi, kenako usiku. Nthawi zambiri simusowa kuthirira mbande.
Nkhaka amasamalira mutabzala
Mphukira zoyamba zikawoneka, nkhaka zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza amchere okhala ndi nayitrogeni, magnesium ndi phosphorous. Gwiritsani nthawi yotentha kwambiri Osavomerezeka.
Pakubala zipatso, mutha kupopera mbewu ndi yankho (kwa malita 10):
- 50 g urea
- 2 g boric acid
- 3 g potaziyamu permanganate
- 2 g wa sulphate yamkuwa.
Feteleza organic angagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga:
- yankho la mkate ndi yisiti;
- phulusa lamoto;
- yothira manyowa;
- kulowetsedwa kwa namsongole.
Kuthirira mbewu kuli bwino Tsiku lililonse ndi madzi ofunda pamizu... Nthawi yabwino kuthirira ndi madzulo. Njira yothirira kuthirira mbewu ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Osathirira masamba - izi zitha kubweretsa kuvunda.
Mufunikira nthaka nthawi zonse chotsani namsongole ndikumasulatchire lonyansa.
Ngati dera lokhala ndi nkhaka linali lokutidwa ndi mulch, palibe chifukwa chomasuka ndi hilling.
Pamene masamba awiri oyamba awonekera, muyenera kukhazikitsa trellis dongosolo lothandizira... Ndi kukula kwa chomeracho, zikwapu ziyenera kukhazikika pazogwirizira.
Mfundo ina yofunika yopita nthawi yake kukolola... Nkhaka zowonjezereka zimafooketsa chomeracho. Ndipo pochotsa zipatso pafupipafupi, thumba losunga mazira atsopano amapanga mofulumira kwambiri.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Nkhaka za Nezhinsky zosiyanasiyana Kulimbana kwambiri ndi matenda a fungus... Koma ndikosavuta kupewa matenda am'mimba kuposa kulimbana kuti tisunge mbewu mtsogolo.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yotetezera idzakhala garter ya zikwapu ndikuchotsa masamba apansi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe kukhudzana ndi masamba ndi nthaka, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a fungus a nkhaka.
Kuchokera ku matenda wamba a zomera zambiri powdery mildew mutha kuchotsa njira zotsatirazi. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zikawoneka, perekani chomeracho ndi yankho la 1 litre mullein ndi magalamu 20 a urea (kuchuluka kumawonetsedwa kwa malita 10).
Nthenda yotsatira yotchuka kwambiri yazomera ndi kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe... Kuchokera ku tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, koma tosaopsa tamasamba, njira zowerengera kuchokera kulowetsedwa kwa sopo ndi phulusa la nkhuni zithandiza.
Pambuyo mvula yayitali, mutha kupopera mbewu ndi fungicides.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Mitundu ya Nezhinsky ndi ya mitundu yapakatikati, nyengo yokolola ndi kwa Julayi-Ogasiti... Sankhani nkhaka zamtundu uliwonse m'mawa kapena madzulo, nthawi yayitali kwambiri yochita dzuwa. Ndondomeko yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsira ndi masiku awiri aliwonse.
Nkhaka zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuti zisungidwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kumthunzi. Sikoyenera kuwatsuka kuti asawononge chilengedwe choteteza. Ndikofunika kusiya phesi.
Kuti musungidwe bwino komanso kwakanthawi, muyenera kuyamba sankhani molondola masamba. Ayenera kungochotsedwa m'munda, owuma komanso osawonongeka.
M'firiji, popanda kukonzekera mwapadera, m'chipinda cha masamba, nkhaka zidzasungidwa mpaka masiku atatu... Kutsitsimuka kumatha kusungidwa mpaka masiku 10 ngati nkhaka zimayikidwa m'thumba la pulasitiki ndikuphimbidwa ndi gauze wonyowa. Osamangirira thumba. Nkhaka imagona mpaka masiku 14 ngati masamba aliwonse atakulungidwa ndi chopukutira kenako nkukupinda thumba.
Nkhaka ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha osachepera madigiri 0... Nkhaka sizisungidwa ndi zipatso zomwe zimatulutsa ethylene (maapulo, tomato, nthochi, ndi zina zambiri)
Nkhaka Nezhinsky ndi mitundu yosangalatsa, yopanda ulemu, yoyesedwa nthawi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Zakudya zokoma, zonunkhira, zonunkhira ndizokongoletsa bwino patebulo la chilimwe. Pofuna kumata, izi ndizabwino kwambiri.