Mitundu ya phwetekere ya Khokhloma, yopangidwa ndi kampani yolima ya Gavrish, idaphatikizidwa mu State Register ya Russian Federation mu 2004. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi malongosoledwe, amapangidwira kulima m'nyumba m'minda yamasamba ndi minda.
Makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe amtundu wa phwetekere Khokhloma
Zosiyanasiyanazo sizosakanizidwa, mkatikati mwa nyengo ndi zipatso zakucha pambuyo pake Masiku 115-120 pambuyo mphukira. Chomeracho sichitha, chotalika ndi kutalika kwa tsinde lalikulu mpaka mamita 2. Garter ndi mapangidwe a chitsamba ndikuchotsedwa kwa ana opeza amafunikira. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka ndikukula kwa chitsamba cha phwetekere mu zimayambira chimodzi ndi ziwiri.
Masamba ndi osavuta, apakatikati, obiriwira obiriwira. Inflorescence yoyamba imapezeka pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chitatu, kenako masamba atatu aliwonse. Tomasi mpaka 11 amakula pa burashi, sagwa.
Zipatso zazitali 12-17 masentimita, yosalala, yosalala. Tomato wokhwima ali ndi utoto wofiyira kwambiri. Kulemera kuchokera magalamu 100 mpaka 150... Khungu lakulimba. Zamkati zimakhala zolimba, osati zamadzi.
Tomato ndi apadziko lonse lapansi, oyenera kudya saladi watsopano komanso kuti asungidwe, ndiosavuta kuyika mitsuko. Zokolola zovomerezeka 8-10 makilogalamu kuchokera 1 m2.
M'minda yam'munda, phwetekere la Khokhloma limabzalidwa m'nyumba zosungira zobiriwira; limatha kulimidwa pamalo otseguka kumadera akumwera komwe kuli nyengo yovuta.
Ubwino ndi kuipa
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi monga:
- zokolola zambiri m'malo ang'onoang'ono, malinga ndi malamulo a agrotechnical;
- zipatso za nthawi yayitali nyengo yonse;
- kukoma kokoma;
- kukana matenda amtundu, kuchepa mochedwa, fusarium, cladosporium, ma virus ambiri;
- wapadera kuthekera kosungira nthawi yayitali osataya chiwonetsero ndi kukoma;
- kunyamula.
Zolakwika zomwe Khokhloma amaphatikiza zimachulukitsa, khungu lakuda ndi zipatso zosasamba. Ndizosatheka kupanga madzi kuchokera ku tomato otere. Kumbali inayi, ndikuthira zipatso zonse, "zovuta" izi zimasanduka mikhalidwe yabwino.
Zofunikira zomwe zikukula
Malinga ndi malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbewu, omwe adalipo kale m'malo mwa tomato ndi awa kaloti, anyezi, zukini, nkhaka, katsabola, parsley.
Khokhloma amakula wowonjezera kutentha. Ndizotheka kutchire, koma zokolola zake zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Popeza mtunduwo ndi wamtali, wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala wokwanira kutalika. Kwa garter, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa trellis.
Pofuna kupeza zokolola mu Julayi, mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa kumayambiriro kwa Marichi... Mbeu za kampani ya Gavrish zimera kwambiri, mpaka 98.
Ma algorithm omwe akukula ndi awa:
- Timabzala mbewu zotsalira pa mbande m'malo onyowa, owala, opatsa thanzi mpaka 20mm. Chisamaliro cha mmera ndi kupatulira, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa... Timasunga kutentha kofunikira.
- Timadumphira m'mene tsamba lenileni loyamba limapezeka m'makontena osiyana.
- Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa nthaka kumaphatikizapo kukumba ndikubweretsa humus wokwanira, feteleza zovuta za mchere, ndi phulusa.
- Timabzala mbande zakale Masiku 54-60 malo okhazikika malinga ndi chiwembucho 40 * 70 masentimita, Zidutswa 3-4 pa 1 m2. Timabzala mu Epulo m'malo obiriwira, ndipo mu Meyi - pamalo otseguka, pomwe boma labwino la kutentha limakhazikitsidwa ndipo dothi limafunda mpaka madigiri 14.
- Kwa chomera chambiri timapanga mu tsinde limodzi... Timachotsa ana opeza a 3-4 cm masiku 7-10 aliwonse. Timamangiriza zomerazo mozungulira trellises.
- Timachotsa masamba apansi pansi pa burashi yoyamba, kamodzi sabata iliyonse, kuti tisatenge chakudya kuchokera kucha zipatso ndikusonkhanitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka.
- Chisamaliro chowonjezera pachikhalidwe chimakhala ndi njira zanthawi zonse zotsegulira nthaka, kuthirira, kupalira, kuthira feteleza ndi mulching.
Monga zovala zapamwamba kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, ndowe za mbalame, feteleza amchere ndikutsata zinthu molingana ndi zikhalidwe malinga ndi malamulo agrotechnical.
Nthawi yakucha, tomato amalabadira feteleza yemwe ali ndi potaziyamu. Nayitrogeni panthawiyi imayambitsa kukula kwambiri kwa masamba obiriwira kuwononga mbewu. Chifukwa chake, kungakhale kulakwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zoyipa za nayitrogeni, zinthu zakuthupi zimathandizira kukulitsa matenda.
Kupewa matenda
Phwetekere ya Khokhloma imawerengedwa kuti ndi yoteteza kumatenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Tiyenera kukumbukira za malamulo aukadaulo waulimi komanso kasinthasintha wazomera. Kupewa matenda kumathandiza:
- kumasula nthaka;
- Kupalira nthawi;
- kuthirira madzi okhazikika.
Matimati amakonda kuthirira madzi ambiri koma osowa... Munthawi yobzala zipatso, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndikugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano.
Komanso njira zodzitetezera sizingasokoneze, ndi awa:
- muyenera kukonza mbande ndi 0,5% ya Bordeaux musanadzalemo;
- Kutatsala milungu itatu kuti mukolole zipatso za mbewuzo, perekani mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi yankho la 4 g wa sulfate wamkuwa pa madzi okwanira 1 litre;
- nthawi zina onjezerani phulusa kuzungulira tchire.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Tomato wachisanu osayenera kusungidwa, zimawonongeka msanga.
Kukolola kuyenera kuchitika kutentha kwa mpweya osachepera +8 madigiri. Kuti tisonkhanitse zipatso zosungira kwanthawi yayitali, timasankha tsiku labwino. Osatola mvula ikagwa.
Kuti musungire, muyenera kusonkhanitsa zipatso zazing'ono, wandiweyani, palibe kuwonongeka... Ayenera kukhala abulauni kapena mkaka.
Mwapadera pulasitiki kapena matabwa mabokosi a masamba, ikani tomato pamapepalawo ndi mapesi atazondokapo, kuwaza utuchi. Ikani mabokosiwo wina ndi mnzake mu chipinda chamdima, chozizira chinyezi choposa 80%. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.
Ndi bwino ngati kuli kotheka kugawa tomato molingana ndi kupsa kwake. Ngati mumasunga chofiira zipatso pa kutentha kwa madigiri +1, bulauni - kutentha kwa madigiri +4, ndi wobiriwira pa +10, moyo wa alumali udzawonjezeka ndi miyezi iwiri.
M'mikhalidwe imeneyi, tomato amapsa pang'onopang'ono. Kukoma kwawo ndi kapangidwe kake sikudzasiyana ndi zipatso zakucha pampesa.
Tomato Khokhloma ndi wa mitundu yosungidwa bwino yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi zipinda zazing'ono, komanso yolimba. Ndi yosungirako bwino, tomato akhoza kupulumutsidwa mpaka nthawi yozizira.
Mlimi aliyense amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana poyeserera. Ngati mumakonda tomato wautali, wandiweyani, yang'anani tomato wa Khokhloma. Ali ndi mwayi wopeza zipatso zoyambirira, ndikusungidwa bwino, komanso chisamaliro chosavuta. Sizachabe kuti mitundu iyi idatchedwa "tomato yaulesi".