Tomato Big Mom ndi phwetekere yatsopano yakucha msanga yopangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia, omwe wamaluwa ambiri amakonda kale. Tomato awa ndiosavuta kusamalira, Chifukwa chake, ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kuthana ndi kulima kwamitundu iyi. Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a phwetekere a Big Mom amaperekedwa pansipa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa phwetekere Amayi Aakulu
Phwetekere Amayi Aakulu ndi mtundu wodziwika wa phwetekere. Mwanjira ina, pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa burashi yachisanu, tchire limasiya kukula ndipo mphamvu zake zonse zimapita pakupanga ndi kucha zipatso. Ndichifukwa chake kutalika kwa chomera kumangofika masentimita 65-70 okha, zomwe sizimasokoneza kusonkhanitsa mpaka 10 kg ya tomato pachitsamba chilichonse. Mizu yamphamvu ya phwetekere imasunthira m'lifupi, chifukwa chake chomeracho chimakwaniritsa zosowa zake za chinyezi komanso zinthu zofunikira.
Maonekedwe:
- thunthu lolimba ndi lamphamvu;
- masamba abwino kwambiri;
- masamba obiriwira opanda pubescence (monga mbatata);
- zipatso zimakhala zooneka ngati mtima, zotumbidwa pang'ono, ndi mphuno yaying'ono.
Pamene masamba 7 amakula, mphukira yoyamba yamaluwa imamera pachomeracho. Kenako mphukira za zipatso zimawoneka mofanana masamba awiri aliwonse. Kulemera kwa zipatso ndi 250-350 g, tomato woyamba kupsa pasanathe masiku 85 kuchokera kumera m'mitsuko ya mmera. Khungu la mitundu iyi ya phwetekere ndilolimba, lofiira kwambiri.
Mbiri yakubereka
Mayi Wamkulu wa phwetekere akadali chachilendo pamsika wathu. Anapangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia, akufuna kulima tomato wamkulu komanso wokoma kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pakudya ndi kukolola. Mu Register Register ya Russian Federation, mitundu iyi idalembetsedwa mu 2013, ndipo idaperekedwa kwa ogula mu 2015 kokha. Koma ngakhale munthawi yochepa chonchi, izi phwetekere yakwanitsa kukhazikika yokha ngati chipatso ndikukula bwino. Tomato ndi wovomerezeka ndi Gavrish LLC.
Mitundu yakupsa yoyambilira iyi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti imere m'malo otentha kuti mulimidwe m'nyumba zosungira, pomwe makilogalamu 10 azipatso zokoma ndi zotsekemera amatha kukolola kuthengo lililonse.
Kulemera kwa tomato panthambi zoyamba kumafika 350 g, pa mphukira zotsika - mpaka 250 g phwetekere iliyonse imakhala pamphesi lolimba lomwe silimalola kuti mbewuyo igwe. Kum'mwera, ndikololedwa kulima phwetekere m'nthaka.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mayi Wamkulu wa phwetekere ali ndi zabwino zake, zomwe zimayamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri:
- kukoma kwabwino;
- zokolola zambiri;
- kukana matenda ambiri;
- kukhwima msanga;
- zipatso zazikulu;
- mayendedwe abwino;
- moyo wautali wautali.
Tomato amatha kusankhidwa mosakhwima, ndipo m'malo mwake amapsa bwino, osataya kukoma kapena mawonekedwe. Chosiyana ndi izi ndizambiri zothandiza, zophatikizidwa ndi zipatso - calcium, magnesium, mavitamini E, C, PP, B. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tomato awa ndi abwino kudya mwatsopano komanso mu saladi. Koma pokonzekera, zipatso sizisiyanso phindu ndi kulawa, chifukwa chake Big Mom zosiyanasiyana zimawerengedwa ngati njira yabwino yopangira nyengo yozizira.
Katundu woyipa sizikupezeka mosiyanasiyana.
Kudzala mbewu
Upangiri! Kuti mulime mitundu iyi ya phwetekere, choyamba muyenera kubzala mbewu za mbande. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite izi koyambirira mpaka pakati pa Marichi, masiku 60-70 musanadule tchire m'malo owonjezera kutentha. Asanafese mbewu, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi pinki yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe ndi njira yabwino yopewera matenda osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pokonza, nyembazo zimayenera kumera, zomwe zimayenera kukulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa ndikusiya chipinda chofunda.
Pamene mbewu zimamera ndikofunikira kukonzekera nthaka yobzala. Pazinthu izi, ndikololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ya mmera, yomwe imagulitsidwa m'masitolo. Kachigawo kakang'ono kolemera, kamene kali ndi zakudya zofunikira m'thupi, kamayenera kuthiriridwa pang'ono, kenaka pansi pake pakhale ma grooves 1.5 masentimita.Mbeu ziyenera kuyalidwa mosamala, kenako zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi.
Mukabzala, zomerazo zimayikidwa pamalo otentha (kwenikweni opepuka), pomwe kutentha kumakhala pakati pa + 23- + 25 ° С.
Patapita sabata, ziphukira zoyamba ziwonekera, pambuyo pake kanemayo amachotsedwa, ndipo chidebe cha mmera chimayikidwa pawindo. Masamba atatu akawoneka pazomera, amatola, pomwe mbande ndi dothi zimabzalidwa m'makontena osiyana. Chifukwa cha kusambira, chitsamba chilichonse chimalandira mpweya wokwanira komanso nthaka yopatsa thanzi, yomwe imalola kuti ikule bwino. Pambuyo pa kuziika, tchire limathirira madzi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite izi m'mawa, dzuwa likakhala panja, pomwe kuli mitambo, mbewu zidzatambasula mwamphamvu. Mukamwetsa, musadzaze madzi kwambiri, apo ayi ayamba kutambasula mwachangu - izi zidzapangitsa kuti mbandezo zisungike. Kuuma kwakukulu kwa nthaka kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa tchire ndi chonde m'tsogolo.
Kulima tomato
Kuti mukolole phwetekere wabwino komanso koyambirira perekani zomera ndi chisamaliro chabwino... Zimakhala pakuika mbande panthawi yake, kuthirira, kumasula, kuchotsa namsongole, kudyetsa ndi zina, zomwe muyenera kuphunzira zambiri.
Kuika mbande
Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha pambuyo poti kutentha kokhazikika kwakhazikika usiku - kumapeto kapena pakati pa Meyi. Mukamabzala, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Kuti mufike muyenera sankhani zomera 25 cm, ndi masamba 6 kapena 9 owona. Tsinde la mbande liyenera kukhala lolimba ndi mizu yotukuka bwino, yomwe imalola kuti tchire lizike bwino.
- Bowo lililonse limafunikira onjezerani ochepa humus, manyowa ndi phulusa, mu kuchuluka kwa 0,5 kg pa 1 m².
- Ndondomeko yobzala mmera - ma PC 4-5. kwa 1 m², ngati pali tchire lowonjezera, ndiye kuti simuyenera kulimitsa mbewu zomwe zabzala nazo, chifukwa izi zingayambitse matenda obzala mbewu.
- Kuthirira mbewu zobzalidwa panthaka kamodzi pamlungu, koma mochuluka. Mukamachita izi pafupipafupi, mizu sidzatha kupuma bwino ndikulandila michere, motero mbewu sizidzakula bwino.
Kukula
Mbande ikayamba kuzika, idyetsani. Phwetekere imayankha bwino pakayambitsidwa zinthu zakuthupi (manyowa, ndowe), yomwe imatha kudyetsedwa katatu m'nyengo yokula.
Kudyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza zovuta ndizosafunikira. Phwetekere amafunika nayitrogeni msanga msanga, ngakhale maluwa asanayambe, choncho mbewuzo zimafunika kudyetsedwa zikamera. Potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zitha kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka kugwa.
Kupatsa mizu ndi mpweya wabwino, muyenera kumasula nthaka mosamala nthawi zonse, Kuyesera kusawononga mizu.
Popeza zipatso zazikulu 6 zimakula panthambi iliyonse, mphukira ziyenera kumangidwa.
Ngakhale kuti phwetekere wa Amayi Aakulu safuna kutsina, nthawi ndi nthawi imakhala ndi mphukira zowonjezereka, kotero njirayi imatha kuchitika nthawi zina, yomwe imakulitsa zokolola. Za ichi mphukira zonse zoyandikira pansi pa burashi yoyamba zimadulidwa m'njira yoti hemp sikhala malo awo. Chitsamba cha phwetekere Amayi Akulu amapangidwa kukhala zimayambira ziwiri, ndipo pazomera zamphamvu kwambiri mutha kusiya zimayambira zitatu.
Makhalidwe a fruiting
Kuti mukolole phwetekere wabwino, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuthirira mbewu, kuyambira pomwe mbewu zimamera. Mitunduyi imasowa chinyezi pakamera mbewu, komanso kudzaza zipatso. Nthawi zina zokula, phwetekere sichimangokhala chinyezi. Zidzakhala bwino ngati tomato atasowa chinyezi panthawi ya mmera, maluwa ndi zipatso, potero amaletsa kukula kwambiri kwa mphukira ndi masamba.
Komanso ndizosatheka kulola dothi kuti liume mutabzala mbewu, chifukwa maluwa amatha kutha msanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwa chinyezi kumawopseza mavuto otsatirawa:
- kukula kwa mbeu kumachedwetsa;
- chitsamba cha phwetekere chimafooka, chimakhala chowonda;
- feteleza sanatengeke bwino.
Popeza panthaka youma, feteleza amawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwa mbewu ndi zipatso.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Mayi Wamkulu wa phwetekere amalimbana ndi matenda oterewa, mochedwa choipitsa, powdery mildew, zithunzi za fodya. Koma pofuna kuteteza mawonekedwe awo, amafunika kuchita zinthu zina zodzitetezera, monga kukulunga nthaka, kumasula, kuchotsa namsongole.
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizophatikiza zabwino kwambiri za zipatso zazikulu komanso kukhwima koyambirira. mwa mitundu yodziwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu iyi yapeza mayankho angapo okoma chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, kukoma kwake kosavuta komanso mawonekedwe osavuta.