Lero pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.
Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa mitundu ina yonse, maran amatha kutchedwa imodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira komanso zachindunji, chifukwa nkhukuzi zimayikira mazira a mtundu wachilendo wachilendo... Koma kufunika kwa mtunduwo sikumangokhala ndi mitundu yachilendo ya mazira.
Chiyambi
Mtundu uwu unabadwa ndi obereketsa aku France mu 1985. Komabe, munali mu 1914 pomwe Maran amatha kuzindikira zikhalidwe zosayerekezeka za Maran, pomwe ozilenga adapereka mtundu wawo watsopano pachionetsero cha La Rochelle.
Kuyambira pamenepo, nkhukuzi zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, zimaleredwa modzifunira ndi alimi a nkhuku ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.
Dzinalo la mtunduwo limachokera ku dzina la mzinda womwe udabadwirako - Maran.
Mzindawu uli kumadzulo kwa France. Malowa pano ndi achithaphwi, ndipo chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic kumadzulo kwa France kuli kozizira.
Ndichifukwa chake nkhukuzi zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zizikhala nyengo yovuta. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake chifukwa cha mtunduwu mtunduwu umadziwika osati ku France kokha, komanso ku Europe konse.
Kufotokozera
Alimi odziwa bwino nkhuku amasiyanitsa mosavuta maran ndi mitundu ina. Choyamba, poyang'ana nkhukuzi, munthu sangazindikire kunyada kwawo, kufunika kwawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimaoneka modabwitsa kwambiri: mitundu yokongola ndi nthenga zachilendo, pafupi kwambiri ndi thupi. Nthawi yotentha, nthenga zimawala komanso zimawala ndi mitundu yowala, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhuku kukhala zokongola kwambiri.
Zosiyanitsa nkhuku za maran
- Zazikulu kukula.
- Kutalika mawonekedwe chifuwa.
- Zing'onozing'ono mutu.
- Kulendewera pambali scallop wokhala ndi mano asanu ndi limodzi.
- Kufiira lalanje maso.
- Ndolo ndizokwanira mokwanira mwa amuna.
- Mchira wawung'onoyomwe imapachikidwa pamakona 45.
Kuphatikiza apo, nkhuku zamtunduwu zimatha kuzindikirika ndi miyendo yolimba, yopepuka bwino yokhala ndi zala zinayi zomveka bwino.
Mapazi, monga lamulo, alibe nthenga zolimba, koma pazala zazikulu zazikulu zazing'ono zimakhala zochepa. Nthawi zina mbali zakunja za ntchafu zimaphimbidwanso ndi nthenga.
Chinthu china chosiyana ndi kolala pansi yomwe imakongoletsa khosi la amuna.
Mikhalidwe yomangidwa
Nkhuku za Maran zimasiyanitsidwa ndi munthu wodekha, chifukwa chake samasemphana ndi nkhuku zina.
Komabe, ngakhale ali odekha komanso amtendere, amayenda bwino, chifukwa amayenera kukhala pabwino komanso momasuka. Njira yabwino yoti maran ayende.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zigawo zomwe zili mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali zimayenda bwino kwambiri.
Ngakhale amakhala odzichepetsa komanso osagwirizana ndi matenda, mbalamezi sizimakonda chinyezi chokwanira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti khola la nkhuku liyenera kukhala louma. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutulutsa chipinda nthawi zonse momwe zingathere, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, mupatseni kutentha kapena kukhazikitsa fani.
Komanso marans amafunikira mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri: Kukula kwathunthu, kukula ndi kuyikira mazira nthawi yozizira, amafunika kuyatsa kwa maola 10-11 patsiku.
Mtundu uwu umakhala woweta bwino osati m'minda yamafakitale komanso m'minda yam'nyumba ya eni.
Makhalidwe
Maran ndi amtundu wa nkhuku zanyama ndi nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, mazira komanso mbalamezo ndizokulirapo.
- Kulemera kwa mkazi wamkulu pafupifupi 2.5-3.2 makilogalamu.
- Tambala wamkulu - 3.3-4 makilogalamu.
- Kulemera kwa mtsikana wamkazi - kuchokera 2 kg.
- Tambala wachaka chimodzi - kuchokera ku 3 kg.
- Unyinji wa dzira limodzi ndi 80 g
- Dzira la nkhuku yaing'ono limalemera pafupifupi 65-70 g.
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti nkhuku zisungidwe moyenera, wosanjikiza umodzi umapereka mazira mpaka 150 pachaka.
Ngati tikulankhula za mtunduwu ngati maran wamfupi, ndiye kuti zizikhala motere:
- Tambala kulemera - 1.1-1.2 makilogalamu.
- Kukula kwa nkhuku - mpaka 1 kg.
- Mayi ambiri ndi pafupifupi 40 g
Kudyetsa nkhuku
Kuyika nkhuku. Chakudya chachikulu cha maran chimakhala ndi chakudya chomwecho monga mitundu ina ya nkhuku imadyera. Kuti mbalame zizilemera bwino ndikunyamula mazira okwanira, m'pofunika kuwapatsa chakudya chokwanira komanso choyenera.
Zofunika: Kuika nkhuku mulimonsemo sikuyenera kukhala kudyetsa kapena kudyetsa mopitirira muyeso, chifukwa nthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, kudyetsa mosayenera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa dzira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake alimi odziwa nkhuku nthawi zonse amawerengera mosamala ziweto zawo.
Nkhuku imodzi yoweyula iyenera kudya pafupifupi 75 g ya chakudya chamagulu patsiku ngati idya chakudya chamagulu okha. Poterepa, kudyetsa kuyenera kugawidwa pakati.
Kupatula chakudya chouma ndikofunikanso kupereka masamba ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, udzu wobiriwira, kabichi wodulidwa bwino, turnips, rutabagas. Nkhuku yogona iyenera kulandira kudyetsedwa koteroko. Iyenera kuperekedwa katatu kapena kanayi patsiku. Kukula ndi kusamba kwa ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano zomwe nkhuku zimadya ndizomwe zimawunikira kuti dzira la dzira lidzawala motani.
Mutha kugula chakudya chopangidwa kale, kapena mutha kuchikonzekera nokha. Chakudya chamagulu wamba chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- 12% tirigu mbewu.
- 45% chimanga.
- 7% chakudya mpendadzuwa.
- 7% balere.
- 8% nandolo.
- 4-5% chakudya yisiti, nsomba, nyama ndi mafupa ndi udzu.
- 7% zipolopolo, miyala yamwala, choko.
- 0,3% mchere.
Kuti chakudyacho chizilowetsedwa bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa mbalame timiyala tating'ono ndi mchenga wa quartz.
Gawo lalikulu la nkhuku (pafupifupi 70%) liyenera kukhala chakudya chama carbohydrate, ndipo enawo ndi mapuloteni.
Mtengo wa chakudya chamagulu wamba:
- Mapuloteni — 15-18%.
- Mafuta — 3-5%.
- Zakudya zamagetsi — 4-6%.
Nkhuku zazing'ono zomwe zikukula, koma zayamba kale kuikira mazira, zimayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
Zakudya zopangidwa kale zili ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera nkhuku, koma sizingakhale zokwanira. Popeza calcium ndiyofunika kwambiri popanga chigoba cholimba cha dzira, nkhuku zimalangizidwa kuti zizidyetsedwa ndi calcium zowonjezera.
Chifukwa chake, calcium ili ndi choko chophwanyika, mwala waukulu wa chipolopolo, chakudya cha mafupa, chipolopolo cha dzira losweka.
Nthawi zina zowonjezera ma calcium zimasakanizidwa ndi chakudya chachikulu, ndipo nthawi zina zimaperekedwa padera. Mutha kuwonjezera zowonjezera zilizonse zokhala ndi calcium kwa wodyetsa, popeza mbalame yomwe imasankha kuti imafunikira zingati.
Kudyetsa anapiye
Kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chofunikira kwambiri kwa anapiye, chiyenera kudyetsedwa molingana ndi ndandanda yake.
- Masiku atatu oyamba amoyo - akanadulidwa mazira owiritsa ndi kanyumba tchizi maola awiri aliwonse.
- 3-6 tsiku - mapira odulidwa mosamala kapena chimanga amawonjezeredwa m'mazira.
- Kuyambira tsiku la 6 chipolopolo kapena nkhono zotchedwa grated zimayambitsidwa. Nkhuku ziyenera kudyetsedwa kasanu ndi kawiri.
- Kuyambira tsiku la 10 kuchuluka kwa feedings kwachepetsedwa mpaka anayi.
- Kuyambira tsiku la 14 - bzalani zakudya (mwachitsanzo, mutha kupatsa lunguzi, nyemba, kaloti, clover).
Komanso, nkhuku zizipatsidwa madzi ndi njira yofooka ya manganese masiku onse 4-7.
Nkhuku za Maran zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusamalira modzichepetsa komweku monga mbalame zazikulu. Kwa sabata yoyamba yamoyo, ayenera kukhala pagulu (kutentha madigiri 30), ndipo atatha masiku 7 amatha kumasulidwa panja kwa maola 2-3.
Pamene anapiye ali ndi masabata 2-3, atha kukhala kale mchikwere cha nkhuku tsiku lonse. Koma usiku amafunika kupita nawo kuchipinda chotentha.
Kuyambira masiku 30 zakubadwa, chakudya ndi moyo wa nkhuku zazikulu zimakhala zofanana ndi za akulu.
Zosiyanasiyana: zakuda zamkuwa, tirigu, cuckoo ndi ena
Ngakhale nkhuku zonse za maran zimayikira mazira abulauni, pali mitundu ingapo yamtunduwu yosankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Wakuda wakuda. Amawonedwa ngati mtundu wofala kwambiri pamtundu wa Maran. Tambala ali ndi bere lakuda lokhala ndi mabala ofiira angapo. Msana ndi khosi lake ndi zofiira, ndipo nthenga za mchira ndizojambulidwa zakuda.
Mkazi ndi wakuda kwathunthu. Pali mabala ang'ono ofiira pachifuwa pake, ndi mkanda wofiira pakhosi pake. Nkhuku yamtundu wakuda wamkuwa imawoneka bwino kuposa tambala wowala.
Tirigu. Nthenga pamutu ndi m'khosi mwa tambala ndizamitundu yagolide wonyezimira, bere lakuda. Nthenga zomwe zili m'mbali mwake zimakhala utoto wofiirira, ndipo nthenga zamchira ndizakuda. Nkhuku imakhala yofiira kwambiri ngati golide, ndipo mutu ndi khosi lake ndi zakuda pang'ono - bulauni wonyezimira. Nthenga pamimba ndi pachifuwa ndizofiirira.
Cuckoo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya utoto wa cuckoo:
- Golide cuckoo - mawonekedwe omveka bwino a nkhaka amatchulidwa kwambiri kwa akazi.
- Siliva cuckoo - nthenga za nkhuku ndizoyera zoyera. Poterepa, tambala ali ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino.
Mchira wakuda. Pafupifupi thupi lonse la mbalame limakhala ndi mtundu wofiira ndi utoto wagolide. Mchira ndi wakuda, wakuda ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono a bulauni.
Wakuda. Nkhuku za Maran zamtunduwu ndizakuda kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, alibe mabotolo amtundu uliwonse.
Oyera. Mbalamezi ndi zoyera kwathunthu.
Colombian. Mitundu yokongola komanso yachilendo: nkhukuyi ndi yoyera kwathunthu, ndipo khosi lake limakongoletsedwa ndi mkanda wakuda.
Siliva wakuda... Mtundu uwu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nkhuku zamtundu wakuda, koma panthawiyi nthenga zimapangidwa ndi zakuda zasiliva.
Mkazi wamasiye. Mbalame zoterezi zimasiyana ndi ma maran wamba kukula kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, amaikiranso mazira ocheperako poyerekeza ndi wamba.
Kuswana
Mtundu uwu umafalikira monga ena onse. Mutha kuikira mazira pansi pa nkhuku kapena anapiye anapiye mu chofungatira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti alimi odziwa ntchito za nkhuku amaganizira mazira akuda kwambiri oyenera kwambiri kutulutsa anapiye abwino komanso athanzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha malingaliro ofala akuti helminths ikalowa dzira, chipolopolo chake chimataya mtundu wake ndipo chimakhala chofiirira kapena chachikaso.
Kuti mukwaniritse mazira akuda kwambiri kuchokera ku nkhuku zonse mnyumba ya nkhuku, ndikofunikira kusankha mazira akuda kwambiri kuti aswe chaka chilichonse. Amayi, komano, omwe amaikira mazira opanda utoto wokwanira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati nyama.
Popeza kuti mazira a omwe akuyimira mtunduwu ndi ovuta komanso olimba, potola anapiye, ayenera kusamalidwa kuti tiwonetsetse kuti anapiye ofooka omwe sanathe kubaya chipolopolo ndikutuluka sangafe.
Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisunga chinyezi mchipinda ndi mazira 75%. Kuphatikizanso apo, ndibwino kuti muwunikire momwe amatayira kuti athandize ofooka ofooka m'mazira, ngati kuli kofunikira, poswa bwino chipolopolocho mozungulira malo olumirako.
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Matenda ofala kwambiri nkhuku ndi awa:
Kutupa kwa m'mimba.
- Zifukwa: Kuwonongeka kwa madzi amchere amchere, kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima, chiwindi.
- Zizindikiro: Mimba yakula, mimba yam'mimba imakhala yolimba. Kulemera, kuthamanga, kutopa.
- Chithandizo: Kuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa, kuboola m'mimba ndi jakisoni ndikutulutsa madzi. Chithandizo cha diuretics (horsetail, bearberry).
Ascariasis, heterokidosis.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nyongolotsi zimathandizidwa ndi piperazine, phenothiazine, ndi hygromycin. Kukonzekera kumasakanizidwa ndi chakudya pamlingo womwe ukuwonetsedwa m'mawuwo. Ndikofunikira kutsuka malo, kutsuka odyetsa ndi omwera ndi madzi otentha.
Kutsekemera kwa malo ndi mankhwala monga xylonaphtha solution, fluorochlorophenol, caustic soda kapena ash alkali solution. Kuyeretsa kokhazikika kwa khola la ndowe ndikofunikira.
Nkhanambo
Matendawa ndi opatsirana, motero mbalame zodwala zimafalitsa msanga zathanzi. Nkhuku zikapanda kuchiritsidwa, zimadwala nkhanambo kwa zaka zambiri.
Matendawa amathandizidwa mosavuta: Ndikofunika kusunga nkhuku za nkhuku m'madzi ofunda otentha kwa mphindi 30, kenako mafuta ndi yankho la creolin.
Ma poeroeroid
Nkhuku zimagwidwa ndi tizilombo zopanda mapiko, chakudya chomwe chimadulidwa khungu ndi nthenga. Monga lamulo, tizirombazi titha kupezeka pa nkhuku yodwala m'dera la cloaca komanso pansi pa mapiko.
Monga chithandizo, komanso kupewa, bokosi lokhala ndi mchenga wabwino ndi phulusa la nkhuni limayikidwa mchikwere cha nkhuku. Zokhudza pansi ndipo nthenga za nkhuku zimawotchedwa.
Ubwino
- Nyama ndi mazira a Maran ndizosiyana kukoma kwabwino.
- Mtundu uwu kusudzulana bwino nyengo iliyonse yovuta.
- Nkhuku za Maran khalani ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndi kukana matenda.
- Mazira a nkhuku amasiyana ndi mitundu ina m'njira yachilendo bulauni.
- Mazira ndi mitembo ya mbalame ali nayo kukula kwakukulu.
- Chifukwa cha chipolopolo cholimba komanso cholimba, mazira pafupifupi konse helminths musalowe.
Zovuta
Mwina zovuta zokhazokha za nkhuku za maran zitha kutchedwa zovuta zomwe nthawi zina zimabwera chifukwa cha nkhuku zoswedwa chifukwa cha chipolopolo chokhuthala.
Maran amalingaliridwa imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nkhuku. Ndemanga za iwo nthawi zonse zimakhala zabwino zokha.
Chifukwa chake, alimi ambiri a nkhuku, kuphatikiza pazikhalidwe zabwino zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zindikirani kuti tambala a mtunduwu amadziwika ndi ntchito zabwino, zomwe zimathandiza pa umuna.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikutsatira malingaliro onse pakuweta ndi kudzisamalira, ziweto zanu zidzakusangalatsani ndi zizindikiritso zabwino kwambiri. Nkhuku zonse komanso mazira awo achilendo okhala ndi chokoleti adzakhala owonekera kwambiri pafamu yanu.
Kuwonera kwamavidiyo amtunduwu
Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kuwunikiraku kwamtunduwu ndikufotokozera komanso kuwunika kwa eni ake.