Matimati ndi mbewu yodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zaka zitatu zapitazi, tomato padziko lonse lapansi afikira matani miliyoni 150-160 ndipo sizitsika motere. Zokometsera za phwetekere, timadziti, ketchups, saladi, zokhwasula-khwasula - njira zingapo zopanda malire za masamba athanzi awa. Phwetekere ndi mavitamini, michere yambiri, imafufuza zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzinthu khumi zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe sizingasinthidwe ndi thupi la munthu. M'nkhani yathu, tikambirana mitundu yosangalatsa ya Aromani ndikupereka mawonekedwe ake ndi kufotokozera.
Mbiri yakubereka
Ntchito ya obereketsa padziko lonse lapansi imapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera zosiyanasiyana kapena, moyerekeza, ndi cholinga chapadera.
Tomato wachiromani ndi gulu la mitundu ya phwetekere yopangidwa ndi obereketsa aku America. Ali ndi mikhalidwe yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchokera kuzitini zonse kumalongeza kupanga phwetekere ndi phwetekere wakuda.
Tomato Roma F1 ndi Roma VF adabwereranso mzaka za m'ma 50 ndipo afala ku USA, Mexico, Australia, Great Britain.
Ku Russia, mitundu yachi Dutch nthawi zambiri imalimidwa, chifukwa chake siyodziwika kwenikweni pano, koma mwa zizindikiritso zonse, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyofunika chidwi cha wamaluwa.
Kufotokozera zamitundu ndi mawonekedwe a phwetekere Roma
Tchire la phwetekere la Roma - lokhazikika, lamphamvu, laling'ono - limafika kutalika 60-70 masentimita... Zokolola zabwino kwambiri zimatha kupezeka pomwe chitsamba cha 1-2 zimayambira chimapangidwa.
Aromani - haibridi wapakatikati, nyengo yakucha zipatso zonse kuyambira nthawi yakumera kufikira kukwaniritsidwa kwa zipatso ndi zipatso - Masiku 120-125... M'nyengo yotentha ya zigawo zakumwera kutentha kwenikweni, mbewuyo imakhala ndi nthawi yoti ipse pansi kapena pobisalira kwakanthawi kwamafilimu, zigawo zina - m'nyumba zosungira.
Zipatso zamtundu wa Aromani zimakhala zonona ngati maula (zonona) zokhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa, yofiira. Zamkati ndi zolimba, mnofu, kukoma kwabwino. Zipatso zimasunthidwa mwangwiro, zimasunga kukoma kwawo kwa nthawi yayitali, sizimaphwanyidwa mukamayimba, sungani kukoma kwawo ndi mawonekedwe.
Malingana ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa omwe adalima phwetekere, ndi koyenera kumalongeza, kusungira nthawi yayitali, kuzizira. Kunja kwina, tomato achiromani amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zokoma, msuzi ndi ketchups, chifukwa mitundu iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Unyinji wa zipatso zolimidwa kutchire zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera 60 mpaka 90g, m'mabwalo obiriwira amafikira Zamgululi... Zokolola zakutchire ndizokwera kwambiri, koma magwero osiyanasiyana amapereka zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana: kuyambira 6-8kg mpaka 13-15kg pa mita imodzi.
Tomato wa zosiyanasiyana bwanji kwambiri chinyezi mkulu: Mitengo yamaluwa siyitsitsidwa mungu, ndipo chiwopsezo cha matenda am'fungulo chimakula kwambiri.
Pakakhala chinyezi chachikulu, ndibwino kuti muchite pollination ndi prophylaxis yolimbana ndi bowa.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chake, mwachidule zonsezi. Makhalidwe abwino a tomato Roma F1 ndi Roma VF ndi awa:
- zitsamba zosiyanasiyana;
- zipatso zazitali;
- zokolola zambiri;
- kusinthasintha kwa zipatso;
- kuteteza bwino kwa nthawi yayitali;
- kukana matenda angapo.
Mwa zolakwitsa, zokha:
- tsankho kutentha chinyezi ndi kutentha;
- chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi kuchepa mochedwa.
Tekinoloje yaulimi: mawonekedwe a tomato wachiroma
Ndondomeko ya agrotechnical yolima tomato yamtunduwu siyosiyana ndi mitundu ina iliyonse ya tomato wapakatikati.
Njira yabwino ndikumera mbande ndikuzisunthira pamalo otseguka kapena m'malo obiriwira kupita kumalo okhazikika.
Kukonzekera ndi kufesa mbewu kwa mbande kumatulutsa m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za Marichi, miyezi iwiri musanadzalemo mbande zopangidwa kale.
Mbeu zimapatsidwa mankhwala a manganese, kenako zimakulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kwa masiku 2-3 mufiriji (t + 2). Popanda kuyanika, amalowetsedwa munthaka wokonzedweratu wokhala ndi feteleza wokwanira masentimita 1-1.5, wothira pang'ono, wokutidwa ndi kanema ndikuwayika pamalo otentha, owala bwino mpaka mphukira zoyamba ziwonekere.
Mbande zothamangira ndi pincer zimatulutsa pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa masamba awiri enieni... Pakukula kwa mbande, muyenera kuyang'anira kukonza chinyezi, kuwunikira kwabwino komanso kwanthawi yayitali (maola 14 patsiku). Mutha kuchita mavalidwe 1-2 pakati pa masiku 10-15 ndi feteleza ovuta, yankho la boric acid.
Sabata imodzi musanadzalemo pansi, mbande kupsa mtima - kwa maola angapo tsiku lililonse amatengedwa kupita kumsewu kapena kuchipinda chozizira.
Nthaka ya mbande imakonzedwa pasadakhale; iyenera kukhala ndi feteleza bwino ndikukhala ndi 50% ya nthaka ndi 50% humus kapena peat.
Kuika nthaka yotseguka kumachitika mbande zikafika miyezi iwiri zakubadwa (yamitundu yonse yapakatikati), osachepera 20-25cm kutalika ndi 8-10 ma sheet owona, kutsatira 70x40cm scheme. Pakatha masiku khumi, mbande zikayamba kuzika, chakudya choyamba chimatha.
Popeza tchire ndi lamtundu wodziwika, amafunikira mawonekedwe mu 1-2 zimayambira, onetsetsani kuti mukumanga kubisalira mozungulira kuti mukhale bata, kupeza zokolola zambiri.
Kukula kwake konse, tchire limapanga mphukira zambiri, zomwe zimafunikanso kupinidwa. Kuthirira tomato wa Roma ayenera kukhala wokhazikika, osati wochulukirapo komanso madzi ofunda nthawi zonse.
Matenda ndi kupewa
Zomera zimalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda monga fusarium ndi verticillium wilting.
Kwambiri mosavuta amatenga kachilomboka mochedwa ndipo, monga tanenera kale, mabakiteriya a mafangasi. Njira yabwino yopewera matendawa ndikupopera zimayambira, masamba ndi ovary ndi yankho la boric acid kapena njira zina.
Tomato wamitundu Roma Roma F1 ndi Roma VF ali ndi zabwino zambiri: kukoma kwabwino, kusunga mtundu, kudzichepetsa, zokolola zambiri, mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a chipatso. Kukolola kwachikhalidwe kudzasangalatsa ndikubwezera zovuta.