Mtengo wa apulo umakhalabe mtengo wotchuka wazipatso, mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids omwe amabalidwa pafupipafupi ndi osankha. Chimodzi mwazomwe zachotsedwa posachedwa ndi apulo zosiyanasiyana Kandil Orlovsky.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Chifukwa cha ntchito yosinthasintha ya obereketsa a Research Institute of Russia of Crops Crops, mitundu ya apulo idabadwa, yotchedwa Kandil Orlovsky. Malotowa adapezeka ndi kuyendetsa mungu kwaufulu kwa mbande za mtundu wa Wesley ndi Jonathan.
Olemba omwe adagwira ntchito yopanga mitundu yatsopano anali Sedova E.N., Serov ZM, Zhdanova V.V., Dolmatova EA Kutumiza... Mitunduyi idalandiridwa pamilandu yaboma mu 1997, ndipo idalembetsedwa ku State Register mu 2002.
Mtengo wa Apple wa Kandil Orlovsky osiyanasiyana wapakatikati, wotsika, chisoti chaching'ono, chozungulira, chosakhuthala. Mphukira zazikulu zimapezeka pang'ono, zopindika, koma zimachoka pa tsinde pafupifupi kumakona oyenera. Kudulira kwakukulu ndi kupanga korona sikofunikira.
Ndi mtengo mizu yotukuka bwino... Mitunduyi imakonda kuwala, malo okhala ndi loamy komanso mchenga wothira nthaka yonyowa. Zimayenderana ndi kudyetsa ndi umuna.
Pansi pa kulemera kwa maapulo kucha, nthambi zimakhala zolemera ndikumira, zimatha kuthyoka. Pofuna kupewa izi, ikani zothandizira. Amatha kukololedwa pambuyo pa zokolola.
Mphukira za mtengo wa apulo ndi zamakulidwe apakatikati, zokhotakhota pamtanda, zokongola. Makungwa a thunthu, nthambi zazikulu ndi mphukira ndi bulauni bulauni komanso yosalala.
Masambawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe a chowulungika chopapatiza, pamwamba pake pamaloledwa ndikupindika mozungulira, wonyezimira wobiriwira wobiriwira, wonyezimira. Amadziwika ndi malo owoneka bwino, okhala ndi makwinya ndi tawuni yaying'ono komanso yopingasa.
Mapepala mbale ya makulidwe apakatikati ndi kutalika. Ali ndi timadzi ting'onoting'ono tokhala ngati singano kumapeto kwa tsamba. Pali mphodza zochepa pa mphukira, ndizochepa.
Mitunduyi imakhala yaying'ono, yolimbidwa kwambiri motsutsana ndi mphukira, masamba a pubescent mu mawonekedwe a kondomu. Ma inflorescence apansi oyera oyera ofiira ofiira, ozungulira, okhala ndi ma pedicel atali.
Kandil Orlovsky amayamba kukolola koyambirira, kale zaka 3-5 mutabzala mtengowo. Zimasiyana zokolola zambiri. Mitengo yaying'ono imatha kutulutsa ma kilogalamu pafupifupi 160 pamtengo uliwonse.
Mitundu iyi ya zipatso imabereka zipatso pafupipafupi, pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Popita nthawi, komabe, zokolola zimatsika ndikumverera bwino kwa zipatsozo kumachepa.
Zipatso zakucha zimakololedwa mu Seputembala, zimakhala bwino mpaka masika, ndipo zimanyamula mosavuta.
Zipatso zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi madzi obiriwira, obiriwira obiriwira ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kosawasa komanso fungo labwino. Zipatso zili ndi vitamini C wambiri, yaying'ono, yolemera pafupifupi magalamu 150.
Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola ngati mawonekedwe ataliatali, achikasu obiriwira achikasu ofiira ofiira, okhala ndi khungu losalala komanso lowala.
Kandil Orlovsky ndi hardiness yozizira, kukana matenda ambiri a mafangasi, nkhanambo. Pokhala mitundu yodzipangira yokha, imafunikirabe mungu kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya maapulo kuti pakhale zipatso zabwino ndi zokolola zochulukirapo.
Chifukwa chakuthana kwanyengo, kulima kumatheka m'dera lililonse.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za mtengo wa apulo
Ubwino waukulu wa mtengo wa apulo wamtunduwu ndikulimbana ndi nkhanambo wa masamba ndi zipatso, malonda apamwamba ndi mikhalidwe ya kulawa, zipatso zokongola, zipatso zambiri, kukhwima msanga.
Kulimbana ndi nyengo yozizira, kumalekerera kutentha mpaka madigiri -35, kumakhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe cha matenda a fungus.
Ali ndi mbiri yosunga zipatso... Amadyedwa ngati watsopano. Iyeneranso bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonza zipatso.
Zosiyanasiyana sizilekerera shading, zimafunikira malo owunikiridwa kwambiri.
Zovala zapamwamba
Monga chomera chilichonse, kuwonjezera zokolola, mtengo wa apulo Kandil Orlovsky amafunika kudyetsa, mizu ndi masamba.
M'chaka choyamba, mmera sukhala ndi umuna, koma umathiriridwa pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka, makamaka munthawi youma, kumasula nthaka, ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Komanso m'chaka, umuna wa nayitrogeni umapangidwa, m'chilimwe, anapopera mankhwala feteleza amadzimadzi. Kwa nyengo yotsatira, kudyetsa masika kumabwerezedwa, ndipo nthawi yophukira imapangidwa ndi feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Mtengo ukayamba kubala zipatso, kuchuluka kwawo kumabwerezedwa kanayi pachaka.
Musanadye komanso mukamaliza kudyetsa, onetsetsani kuti mukuthirira madzi okwanira. Ikani feteleza organic mukamadzola mizu, feteleza amchere mukamapopera mbewu.
Chigawo chakukula kwachilengedwe ndikusintha madera ena
Poyamba Mitunduyi idapangidwa kuti ikule m'zigawo za Central, North Caucasian ndi Black Earth... Koma pokhala yozizira-yolimba komanso yolimbana ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, kuphatikiza mafangasi, imatha kumera kulikonse.
Dera lokula silikhudza zipatso ndi zokolola.
Malangizo obzala mbande Kandil Orlovsky
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha malo obzala mbewu zazing'ono. Sankhani malo owala bwinokupewa zokolola.
Malo okhathamira amafunika, pamitengo, dothi lamchenga lolowetsa chinyezi. N'zotheka kukula pa nthaka yakuda ndi acidity yochepa, komanso pa nthaka ya mchenga, chifukwa chodyetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi umuna.
Mtengo wa maapulo sukulekerera madzi osayenda... Poterepa, kukula bwino kwa mtengo ndikotheka ndipo kufa kwake ndikotheka.
Podzala, konzekerani maenje pafupifupi 80 cm mulifupi komanso pafupifupi 1 mita kuya pasadakhale. Izi ndizofunikira kuti dziko lapansi likhazikike. Yendetsani pachikhomo chofika.
Ngati mwasankha malo omwe mungasefukire madzi osefukira, tsambulani. M'mbali yotsika kwambiri ya dzenje lokumbedwamo kubzala mtengo wa apulo, pobowola ngalande mpaka 1.5 mita, mudzaze ndi miyala kapena njerwa zosweka.
Moyenera manyowa nthaka ndi chovala chokonzekera bwino chopangidwa ndi peat, humus ndi feteleza amchere... Nthaka ikakhazikika, ndipo izi zimatha kutenga milungu iwiri, yambani kubzala mbewu yazing'ono.
Osazamitsa mmera wa mtengo wa apulo kwambiri mukamabzala, malo omwe muzu umadutsa mumtengo umayenera kukhala masentimita asanu pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mangani mtengo pachikhomo, ndikupanga njira yolondola yakukula kwake. Phimbani mizuyo ndi nthaka ndi madzi ambiri.
Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi, idyani mtengo wa apulo womwe udabzalidwa ndi aliyense wothandizira kuti muzitha kukula ndikuthandizira kuzolowera ndikukhazikika.
Kuti korona wa mtengo ukule msanga, mukamabzala, m'pofunika kudula nthambi za mmera ndi gawo lachitatu.
Pogula mbande ya mtengo wa maapulo Kandil Orlovsky mchaka, dulani nthambi nthawi yomweyo, koma mizu singakhudzidwe... Nthawi ya kupulumuka kwake imadalira kuchuluka kwa mizu.
Ngati muli ndi mmera wokhala ndi mizu yofooka, chotsani masamba pafupifupi onse, ndikungotsala 10% yonse.
Chisamaliro
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, mtengo wa mitundu yosankhidwa sifunikira kudulira kuti apange korona... Mphukira zowonongeka ndi zouma zimadulidwa kuchokera ku mitengo ya apulo wamkulu kuti ipangitsenso mbewu. Izi ziyenera kuchitika koyambirira kwamasika, masamba asanakwane.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudula mpaka 80% yamtunduwo mchaka choyamba mutabzala, izi zithandiza kuti mtengo uzike bwino komanso mwachangu.
M'zaka zotsatira, ndikofunikira kuchita momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zokolola: kudula "masamba obiriwira" owonjezera, ndiye kuti, yaying'ono, yaposachedwa, masentimita ochepa, zipatso.
Ngati simugwira ntchitoyi, mtengowo umatha kutaya zochulukirapo, koma zipatso zotsala zitatha kucha zidzakhala zazing'ono komanso zotsekemera pang'ono.
Mwa kuyika mbewu mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuyesa Chotsani mtengo wa zipatso pachaka - mchaka chimodzi.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga maapulo
Mtengo wa apulo wa Kandil Orlovsky ndiwodziwika chifukwa ndiwosagwirizana ndi nkhanambo, umakhala ndi chitetezo chamatenda a fungal, chifukwa chake umapulumutsa wamaluwa kumavuto ambiri.
Kupatula zochepa akhoza kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kachilomboka maluwa ndi kachilomboka.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizirombo, kutentha nthambi zowuma, masamba, kuthandizira mtengo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Posankha mitundu yodzichepetsayi yam'munda, yomwe siyifuna chisamaliro chachikulu, mudzatha kupeza zotsatira pazipita ndi khama osachepera, atalandira zipatso zochuluka zokoma ndi mawonedwe abwino.