Masaladi ambiri sangamve kukoma ngati owonda popanda chophatikiza ngati ma leek. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri am'mimba komanso mavitamini olemera, chomeracho chimakula ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Chikhalidwe cha pachaka ku Mediterranean, chimakhala ndi nthenga zosazolowereka zabuluu zonunkhira. Kuperewera kwa pungency ndi kukoma kokoma kumapangitsa mitunduyo kukhala zonunkhira zonunkhira.
Nthawi yobzala maekisi
Chifukwa cha nyengo yayitali yokula (pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) komanso mawonekedwe apadera a nyengo yapakati pa Russia, ndibwino kulima maekisi pogwiritsa ntchito mbande. Lifesedwa theka lachiwiri la February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi m'mabokosi okonzeka, miphika kapena makapu.
Kuti mupeze mbande, ulimi wothirira ndi kutentha ziyenera kuwonedwa. Mukabzala mbewu pamalo otseguka, simungayembekezere zokololazo chifukwa cha kufa kwa chomeracho chifukwa cha chisanu ndi chipale chofewa (kuopsa kozizira kumakhalapo nthawi yachisanu ndi nthawi yophukira). Alimi ena amalima ma leek a amadyera, omwe amakololedwa mu Julayi.
Njira imodzi yobzala anyezi ndiyo kubzala mbewu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (nthawi zambiri Novembala). Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuneneratu za nyengo sikutentha, izi zimadzetsa mphukira mwachangu.
Kubzala m'mabedi kumatha kuchitidwa m'malo owonjezera kutentha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokula pansi pa agrofibre.
Kudzala mbewu zakukula mbande kunyumba
Kukonzekera bwino kwa nthaka ndi mbewu
Ankabzala mbewu chisakanizo cha sod ndi kompositi ndi kuwonjezera kwa humus... Leek amakonda nthaka yopatsa thanzi komanso yopepuka; mu gawo lalikulu, mbewu sizingamere.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito peat, simuyenera kuiwala kudyetsa ndi zowonjezera zilizonse:
- ufa wa dolomite;
- urea;
- superphosphate iwiri;
- potaziyamu sulphate.
Kubzala masika nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Marichi kuti apeze anyezi pofika Seputembara. Nthawi ndi chiwembu chodzala ndi kufesa zitha kusintha malinga ndi nthawi yokolola.
Momwe mungamere mbewu
Musanadzalemo, mbewu onyowa kunyumba m'madzi kutentha kwapakati ndi kusungidwa kwa tsiku limodzi, kenako amauma.
Njira ina yokonzekera ikuphatikiza kusunga mbewu mu thermos ndimadzi (madigiri 40) a Maola 2-4 kenako kutsuka pansi padziwe lozizira komanso kuyanika. Mabokosi 35 x 50 cm amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotengera.
Mbewu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachidebe chotere ndi 2-3 magalamu... Mukadzaza chidebecho, nthaka imakutidwa ndi mchenga wosanjikiza 3-5 mm ndikunyowa.
Mphukira zisanatuluke, bokosilo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema kuti pakhale wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuti mupeze kumera kwabwino kodzala, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yabwino. Zina mwazikuluzikulu:
- olondola kutentha boma mkati Madigiri 22 kumera;
- kusintha kwa kutentha kumera (masana mpaka madigiri 18-20, usiku mpaka madigiri 8-14);
- kuthirira madzi ofunda;
- perekani kuwunikira bwino kwa photosynthesis.
Sankhani ndikuumitsa
Ndi bwino kukula mbande za chikhalidwe popanda kutola, safunika kukhala m'zipinda zosiyana. Mbande zidzakhala zokonzeka kubzala panja mutakwanitsa miyezi 2-2.5.
Kwa masabata 6-7 kutuluka kwa mphukira, mbande zimafunikira kupsa mtima... Kuti muchite izi, mabokosi kapena mapoto ayenera kutengedwa panja ndikusiya mumthunzi pang'ono kwa maola angapo, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthawi yomwe amakhala mlengalenga. Mphepo yamphamvu, njira zamlengalenga sizikulimbikitsidwa.
Kudzala mbande za anyezi pamalo otseguka
Mbande zimabzalidwa panja mu theka loyamba la MeyiMwachitsanzo, izi zikugwiranso ntchito kudera la Moscow. Pasanachitike gawo lofunikira, muyenera kuthirira nthaka kuti iwononge mizu ya chomeracho. Ndi bwino kugwira ntchitoyi madzulo kapena kukuchita mitambo. Dzuwa logwira ntchito litha kuwononga mphukira zazing'ono.
Bedi la leek limasankhidwa m'malo otseguka kuti likule ndikumatha kuwala kwambiri. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala pafupi ndi tchire ndi mitengo.
Nthaka yobzala iyenera kukhala kusalowerera ndale, m'malo momasuka... Ngati dothi lili ndi acidified, liyenera kukhala loyikidwa kale.
Ndibwino kuti muyambe kukonzekera mabedi kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, tsambalo limakumbidwa ndikuyeretsa mizu ndi namsongole, pambuyo pake kukonzedwa ndi Nitrofoska (2 tbsp. L. Pa 1 m2). Kumayambiriro kwa masika, mabedi amapindula ndi humus ndi kompositi popanda kukumba kwina.
Mbandezo zikakhala kuti zakonzeka kuikidwa, ma grooves amakonzedwa mdera lomwe lasankhidwa. Kuzama kwawo kuli 10-15 cm, nthawi - 25-30 masentimita... Mtunda wa masentimita 10-20 umawonedwa pakati pa mphukira, kutengera mitundu.
Muzu uliwonse, usanamizidwe pansi, umathandizidwa ndi woyankhula mwapadera, yemwe amakonzedwa kuchokera ku dongo, manyowa ndi madzi (zigawo zonse zimatengedwa mofanana). Kutalika kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa mpaka 4 cm... Mbande zimakonkhedwa ndi nthaka pang'ono. Ntchito yosamutsa imatha ndikuthirira kambiri.
Leek chisamaliro mutatha kumuika
Ma leek siopatsa chidwi kwenikweni kuti musamalire, koma muyenera kuyesetsa kuti mukolole. Kuti mulime mbewu yabwino yomwe singachite mantha kunyamula ndikukula bwino, muyenera kusamalira bwino.
Chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo:
- kuthirira nthawi zonse;
- kupalira;
- hilling (nthawi 3-4 panthawi yokula);
- pansi;
- kumasula;
- chithandizo chamankhwala ndi tizirombo.
Pambuyo pobzala mbande, chomeracho sichithiriridwa masiku atatu.
Komanso, mphukira zimayenera kuthiriridwa osati ndi madzi ozizira. Nthawi 1 m'masiku 5... Kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira kumakhala mpaka 10-15 malita amadzi okhazikika pa 1 m2.
Pakati pa nyengo, ma leek amapatsidwa chakudya Nthawi 3-4... Chomeracho chimagwira bwino feteleza: organic mullein, kompositi, ndowe za mbalame. Maofesi amchere omwe ali ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono komanso zazikulu nawonso ndi oyenera. Kukweza kulikonse kumalimbikitsidwa kuphatikizidwa ndikuyika phulusa.
Milungu iwiri iliyonse Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka mozungulira mphukira mpaka tsinde likhale lolimba ngati pensulo. Kuphatikiza apo, njirazi zimachulukirachulukira ndikufutukuka ndikulowa poyambira kudzaza nthaka ndi mpweya komanso kuteteza kuti nthaka isamangidwe.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Mutha kusonkhanitsa anyezi mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, koma ndi bwino kuchita izi chisanachitike chisanu ndipo chisanu choyamba chimagwa.
Chomeracho chiyenera kutsukidwa ndi masamba owonongeka ndi owuma, chotsani nsonga ya nthenga (pafupifupi 1/3 ya kutalika), dulani pamizu ndi 1 cm.
Zokolola zimasungidwa bwino mufiriji, zokutidwa ndi filimu ya chakudya. Musananyamule, zimayambira ziyenera kuzirala kuti condens isapange pansi pa polyethylene. Zipinda zapansi panyumba, cellars kapena maenje okhala ndi kutentha kosapitilira 2-5 madigiri ndizoyeneranso ngati malo osungira.
Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, leek imayikidwa mufiriji. Pambuyo pothawa, imasungabe malo ake ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Masaya akutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa aku Russia. Ndizosangalatsa komanso zothandiza kupeza mwayi wofunikira pakulima mbewu ndikugawana nawo okhala m'nyengo yotentha, komanso kudzitamandira zokolola zokongola zomwe zingawoneke zachilendo.