Kukula zokolola zambiri za kaloti iyenera kutetezedwa ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toonongaapo ayi chomeracho chitha kufa kapena kutulutsa zipatso zopunduka. M'mbuyomuyi, tikambirana za tizirombo tambiri tamasamba (karoti ntchentche, nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche zamasamba ndi ena), zifukwa zowonekera matenda, ndi momwe mungatetezere ndi kulimbana nawo.
Matenda kaloti, kupewa ndi mankhwala
Pali mitundu yambiri yamatenda a karoti omwe angakhudze chomeracho nthawi yonse yakukula kwake. Ntchito yayikulu ya nyakulima ndikukhala njira zodzitetezera kapena ngati matendawa akukhudzabe kubzala, ayenera kuzindikiritsidwa moyenera ndi njira zonse zofunikira kutengedwa mwachangu kuteteza chomeracho.
Fomoz
Phomosis imatchedwanso zowola zowuma.zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa wowopsa. Matendawa amakhudza chomeracho kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula. Kumagawo oyamba, matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mawanga akuda-bulauni omwe amakhala pamasamba kapena petioles.
Kuphatikiza pakukhudza gawo lakumlengalenga, phomosis ikupanga zipatso ndikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito posungira, makamaka mbewu zikagona mchipinda chotentha ndi mpweya chopitilira madigiri 10. Poyamba, zokhala ndi bulauni zakuda ndi pachimake choyera zimapezeka kumtunda kwa chipatso, chomwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndikukhudza masamba onse.
Sizingatheke kupulumutsa mbewu, chifukwa Ndizosatheka kuchiza matenda omwe adawonekera kale, Zomera zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Monga njira yodzitetezera, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu musanadzalemo ndikuchotsa nsonga munthawi yake.
Kuvunda koyera
Matendawa amakhudza zipatso za kaloti, zomwe zimakhala zofewa panthawi yosungira ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimadzaza ndi maluwa oyera oyera. Gawo lomaliza pakukula kwa matendawa ndi mawonekedwe a kutumphuka ndi madontho akuda.
Kuvunda koyera kumafalikira m'nthaka, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchotsa namsongole munthawi yake ndikutsatira malamulo onse obzala ndi kusamalira mbewu.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi, kupopera mbewu mbewu ndi zokonzekera zomwe zili ndi mkuwa. Komanso Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzisakaniza chipinda chosungira.
Kuvunda imvi
Matendawa amapanga kuvunda konyowa pa chipatso panthawi yosungira ndipo kumabweretsa kutaya kwakukulu kwa zokolola. Poyamba, pamwamba pa karoti mumanyowa, pambuyo pake kumachita mdima ndikuphimba gawo lonselo la zipatso. Patapita kanthawi, pachimake pamamera bowa.
Pofuna kuteteza motsutsana ndi kukula kwa zowola zoyera, nthaka iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni munthawi yake, Nthawi ndi utsi ndi 1% yankho la madzi a Brodsky... Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisungire zokolola kutentha kwa +2 madigiri.
Rhizoctonia
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatchedwa kumva zowola, ndizo imakhudza zipatso nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula komanso ikatha kukolola panthawi yosungiraI. Ine. Mutha kuzindikira matendawa ndimadontho akuda amkati, pomwe pachimake pachikaso chofiirira pambuyo pake chimapanga. Gawo lomaliza limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a madontho akuda.
Chithandizo cha matenda ikuchitika pobzala mbewu ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mkuyu oxychloride.
Njira ina
Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi kuwola kwakuda. Matendawa amatha kuwonekera nthawi iliyonse yopanga mbewu. Pa kaloti zazing'ono, chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuda kwa tsinde. Pa mbewu zachikulire, mutha kuwona kupindika kwa masamba, omwe amatembenukira achikaso ndikuuma pakapita nthawi. Ma petioles amapunduka ndikumira pansi. Mitundu yowola yakuda yakuda pamwamba pa chipatso.
Kuvunda kwakuda kumatha kufalikira m'nthaka komanso kudzera munjere. Matendawa amatha kuwononga zokolola zochuluka munthawi yochepa.
Mutha kuthetsa matendawa mwa kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala a Rovral.
Bacteriosis
Bacteriosis ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri, ndipo imatha kudziwika ndi izi:
- m'mphepete mwa masamba apansi amawonekera mawanga achikasu, omwe amakula mdima akamakula, koma nthawi yomweyo amasunga mindandanda yachikaso mozungulira iwo;
- m'munsi mwa tsamba mapesi a tsamba imvi madontho oyera kapena achikasu, omwe amatchedwa bacterial exudate;
- pa zimayambira mikwingwirima yofiirira kapena mawanga;
- pa mbewu za mizu Zilonda zimawoneka ndi mawanga a bulauni.
Ngati matendawa afalikira mwamphamvu, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimayamba kutulutsa fungo lonunkhira komanso losasangalatsa.
Ndizosatheka kuchotsa matendawa, chifukwa chake zokolola zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kupewa kudzakhala kusungira njere m'madzi otentha musanadzalemo ndi kupopera mankhwala munthawi yake ndi Hom.
Cercosporosis
Poyamba mawanga ofiira owala okhala ndi malo opepuka amapangidwa pa tsamba la tsamba, yomwe imakula pang’onopang’ono. Mphepete mwa masamba amayamba kupiringa. Ngati chinyezi ndichokwera, ndiye kuti mawangawo adzakutidwa ndi pachimake. Mapangidwe a petioles ndi zimayambira ndi oblong. Pambuyo pake, gawo lobiriwira la chomeracho limatha kwathunthu, ndipo zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa ndikutaya mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi.
Pre-chithandizo cha mbewu chidzakhala njira zodzitetezera M'madzi otentha ndikupopera mbewu tating'onoting'ono ndi yofooka yankho la madzi a Brodsky.
Malo abulawuni
Malo abulauni amakhudza kaloti magawo onse a chitukuko ndipo ndi owopsa:
- muzomera zazing'ono kumunsi kwa tsinde zimawonekera ziphuphu zofiirira. Pachifukwa ichi, karoti amaphuka nthawi zambiri amafa;
- pamasamba a zomera zazikulu mawanga achikasu amawonekeraomwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala akuda kapena akuda, koma mthunzi wapachiyambi umakhalabe mawonekedwe a halo. Pakutentha kwambiri, pachimake chakuda chakuda chimawoneka m'malo;
- zimayambira ndi maziko a petioles amakhudzidwanso ndi matendawa, amapangika mawanga a bulauni.
Kuteteza kukula kwa malo owoneka bulauni nyengo yamvula, kumasula timipata pafupipafupi... Zomera zimatha kuthandizidwanso ndi decoction wa celandine, nettle kapena horsetail.
Tizilombo ta kaloti, polimbana nawo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njira zowerengera
Tizirombo tokhala pa kaloti ndizowopsa kubzala, izi ndichifukwa choti mothandizidwa ndi tizilomboti, kufa kwathunthu kwa chomeracho kumatha kuchitika kapena kufa pang'onozomwe zimabweretsa kutayika kapena kuchepa kwa zokolola. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo kuyenera kuyambika pomwepo, akapezeka, pankhaniyi padzakhala mwayi wambiri wowachotsa.
Karoti ntchentche
Karoti amauluka nthawi yayitali mumabobo apansi, ndichifukwa chake muzu wa chomeracho nthawi zambiri umavutika ndi tizilomboti. Mutha kudziwa kupezeka kwa tizirombo ndi boma lakumtunda, ngati ntchentche ya karoti ilipo, ndiye kuti masambawo amakhala ndi ubweya wamkuwa, pambuyo pake amawuma ndi kufa. Kaloti yowonongeka ndi tizilombo imakhala yosayenera kudya.
Monga muyeso wodziletsa komanso nthawi yomweyo kupewa mawonekedwe a tizilomboti Ndikofunika kulima, kumasula ndi kuyeretsa nthaka ku namsongole panthawi yake. Kuchiza ndi othandizira mankhwala Aklellik, Decis Profi, Tsiper, Sharpey ndi njira zowerengera zimathandizanso kutsanulira ndi ammonia.
Tsamba la kachikumbu
Chikumbu ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri komwe, monga utitiri, uli ndi miyendo yolumpha. Akazi a tiziromboti amaikira mazira pamwamba pa kaloti.... Posakhalitsa, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe zimayamba kudyetsa timadziti ta masamba, potero zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo iume.
Mutha kuchotsa tizilombo potola mazira ndikusamalira malo obzala mbewu ndi fumbi kapena madzi a sopo.
Ambulera njenjete
Tizilombo timeneti timaoneka ngati gulugufe njenjete zofiirira zimaonedwa kuti ndizowopsa, zomwe zimakhudza ma testes ndi zipatso za kaloti. Mutha kuzindikira tizirombo tomwe amatulutsa. Chomeracho chimayamba mdima pang'onopang'ono ndikuyamba kuuma. Nthawi zambiri, ambulera njenjete imapezeka kumapeto kwa Juni - pakati pa Julayi, pambuyo pake imasanduka pupa ndipo sichiwopseza zokolola zamtsogolo.
Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo, m'pofunika kuyeretsa zokololaNdiye kuti, kudula gawo lamlengalenga la chomeracho ndikutola mbozi, zomwe zimayenera kuwonongedwa. Muthanso kupopera kaloti ndi lepidocide, entobacterin, ndi zina zambiri. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo kukumba nthaka musanadzalemo.
Ma slugs amaliseche
Ma slugs amaliseche amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo tambiri m'munda., izi ndichifukwa choti amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga nthaka, sod, masamba akugwa, miyala kapena malo ena aliwonse okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Onse akuluakulu komanso ma slugs achichepere amatha kuwononga zokolola. Amadyetsa masamba ndikudya maenje akulu zipatso.
Mutha kuzindikira katsitsi ndi njira yoyera, yowala yomwe imasiya kumbuyo.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuteteza tizilombo mabedi amathandizidwa ndi superphosphate kapena 10% yothira mchere.
Ziphuphu
Nyongolotsi ya mphutsi ndi mbozi yachikaso, yomwe kwenikweni ndi mphutsi ya kachilomboka. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa tizilombo koteroko ndi masentimita atatu.... Chingwe cha waya chimadyetsa mbewu zamizu, kuzidya ndikusiya magawo ena amawu. Poterepa, ndiwo zamasamba sizikhala zoyenera kudya anthu.
Mungathe kuchotsa tizilomboti mwa kudyetsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ammonia. Mankhwala Aktara ndi Bazudin amathandizanso bwino.
Karoti nsabwe
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa mawonekedwe a nsabwe za karoti zimawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Masango a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka pazomera... Masamba amayamba kupiringa ndi kuuma. Tizirombo timadyetsa madzi amadzimadzi, chifukwa chake kaloti sanapangidwe bwino kapena kusiya kukula. Izi zitha kusokoneza zokolola.
Mungathe kuchotsa tizilombo mwa kupopera mbewu m'madzi ndi madzi a sopo., kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kapena fodya. Pofuna kupewa chilimwe, masiku otentha, kaloti nthawi zambiri amapopera madzi otentha nthawi zambiri.
Chisangalalo chimadzaza
Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zimachitika pambuyo pa mbozi za gulugufezokhudzana ndi mitunduyi. Amadyetsa muzu wa zimayambira komanso molunjika pamizu yokha, kusiya mabowo ndi mavesi.
Mutha kuthana ndi chidwi cha anthu ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera (Decis, Politrin ndi Fury) ndi njira zowerengera (chamomile ndi burdock kulowetsedwa).
Njira zodzitetezera ku kaloti ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Pofuna kupewa kuwonekera kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, muyenera kutsatira njira zingapo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi kwa ntchito yokhudzana ndi udzu ndi kumasula, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wofunikira nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa matenda oyamba kubzala ndi nthaka. Komanso zandikofunikira kuchita njira zodzitetezera:
- Pakuti, kupewa mawonekedwe a nkhungu imvi Ndikofunika kusamalira nthaka ndi 1% Brodsky madzi;
- Pewani kumva kuwola ndizotheka pakupopera mankhwala a Hom;
- Ndi zowola zakuda mankhwala Rovral amathandiza bwino;
- Pewani powdery mildew ndizotheka pochiza zomera ndi Topazi kapena Horus;
- Mantha a karoti njenjete Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito decoction wa nsonga za phwetekere, zomwe zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi mu 1 mpaka 5 kwa mphindi 30. Pambuyo pake, msuzi amawiritsa kwambiri. Malita awiri aliwonse a mankhwalawa amatsukidwa mumtsuko wamadzi ndipo masupuni 2-3 a sopo wamadzi amawonjezeredwa;
- Kuchokera ku tizilombo tina tambiri chithandizo cha masika ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tothandiza.
Matenda kapena tizilombo tikhoza kupezeka kaloti, ndichifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala mabedi ndi zokolola zomwe zidakololedwa panthawi zopindika ndi zolakwika... Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lotere nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo okhudza ukadaulo waulimi ndikukonza mbewu.