Mphesa nthawi zonse zimakhala zotchuka chifukwa chakulawa kwawo kwabwino komanso thanzi lawo. Pali mitundu yamphesa yakuda ya Codryanka, yomwe ikufunika pamsika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi kuwonetsera. Olima minda ambiri amalima zamtunduwu, kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino? Komanso pazofotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa Codrianka
Mitunduyi idapezeka podutsa zaka zopitilira 50 zapitazo ku Moldova. Idayamba kufalikira ku USSR komanso kunja, komwe amadziwika pansi pa dzina "Black Magic". Mitengo yamphesa "Moldova" ndi "Marshal" ndiye mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe obadwira omwe adapezeka m'mitundu ya makolo:
- kutentha kwa chisanu (-23 ° С)
- zimayambira za mitengoyi ndi yolimba komanso yolimba, sizimatha chifukwa cha kukula kwa chipatsocho
- katundu pachimake chachikulu ndichapakati
- zazikulu-zipatso
- kukana matenda
- kucha koyambirira (masiku 110 mpaka 120, Ogasiti, kubala zipatso mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala koyambirira kwa Okutobala)
- tchire limakula mwamphamvu
Makhalidwe ena osiyanasiyana:
- kusakanikirana pang'ono ndi masanjidwe athengo m'tchire
- kuchokera 500 mpaka 600 g kulemera kwa gulu limodzi
- zokolola zambiri (50 kg / ha)
- kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri
Mphesa pamalo amodzi mutha kukula mpaka zaka 30, ngati mumayang'anira momwe dothi limakhalira ndikusunga chinyezi ndi michere momwe zingathere.
Mphesa ndizoyenera kukula m'malo atatu a Russia: North Caucasian, Nizhnevolzhsky, Uralsky. Amakula bwino ku Ukraine, pakati komanso kumwera kwa Belarus, komanso ku Moldova.
Zomwe zili pazinthu zazikulu:
- Zosakaniza ndi shuga - 18 - 20%
- Zinthu zamadzimadzi 6 - 7.5 g / l
- Madzi - 79.9%
- Mapuloteni - 0.6 g / 100g
- Mafuta - 0,6 g / 100g
Makhalidwe a zipatso
- Mbeu 1 - 2 mu mabulosi amodzi
- kulemera kwa zipatso 6 - 8 g
- zipatso sizimagwa nthawi yayitali zikakhwima, zimatha mpaka masiku 25
- chizolowezi chaching'ono chopanga zipatso, nandolo, nyengo yovuta komanso chisamaliro
- kutalika kwa zipatso 3.2 masentimita, m'lifupi masentimita awiri, mawonekedwe olumikizidwa, ovoid
- mabulosi amtundu wakuda wofiirira
- zamkati zolimba
- khungu labwino ndi zokutira sera
- kukoma kosavuta kogwirizana
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi monga, choyamba:
- zokolola zambiri
- amasungidwa bwino malinga ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso chinyezi
- kuwonongeka kwa mayendedwe ndikuchepa
- chimapirira kutentha - 23 ° С
- kukoma kokoma
- kucha koyambirira komanso nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso
- kukana matenda a mphesa ndi mildew ndi imvi zowola
Zovuta
- ndi chisamaliro chokwanira, zipatso zazing'ono zimapangidwa, yomwe imachepetsa kufunika pamsika. Koma pogwiritsa ntchito gibberellins, vutoli lathetsedwa.
- imafuna pogona kumadera komwe kutentha kumatsika kuposa -24 ° C, komwe kumabweretsa ndalama
Chodzala chikhalidwe
Mphesa zimakula makamaka ndi cuttings.
Kulima mbewu kumachitika, koma pakadali pano mphesa sizikhalanso za Codryanka. Idzakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, popeza kuyendetsa mungu kumachitika nthawi yopanga mbewu. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa majini. Obereketsa akuchita nawo kukula kwa mphesa kuchokera ku mbewu.
Mukamagula zinthu zobzala, makamaka mmera wapachaka, muyenera kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe achikhalidwe.
Mmera uyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- chomeracho sayenera kukhala ndi matenda owoneka, zotupa ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse kwamakina
- mizu iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yayikulu yotukuka komanso mizu yaying'ono yambiri
- mphukira yayikulu iyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yolimba, kupitilira ena kutalika ndikukhala ndi mbali yowongoka
- payenera kukhala masamba 2 - 3 athanzi pachomera chilichonse
Kusankha malo
Zofunikira pakusankha tsamba:
- tsambali likuyatsa bwino
- mpumulo wopanda kusiyanasiyana, kutsika pamtunda wa 11 - 12 ° ndikotheka
- nthaka pa malowa sayenera kukhala yamchere
- madzi apansi ndi otsika kuposa mizu yonse yazomera
- kuchuluka kwa namsongole
Kudzala mbande
Kubzala mphesa kumatha kuchitika mchaka, pomwe kutentha kwa nthaka kumakhala 10 °, kapena nthawi yophukira chisanachitike chisanu. Mwezi ndi tsiku zimasiyanasiyana kudera.
- Dzenje limakumbidwa 80 ndi 80 cm kukula, kawiri kuzama kwa mizu. Masika, mabowo amakumbidwa masiku 14 asanatsike.
- Zitsime zimayikidwa pambali kwa maola 2 - 3, pomwe zimathiriridwa katatu - 4
- Mothandizidwa ndi miyala, njerwa zosweka, kapena zinyalala, chopanga cha 4 - 6 cm chimapangidwa.
- Komanso, nthaka yachonde imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngalandeyo, ndikuwonjezera feteleza wamtundu ndi mchere. Mulingo wogwiritsa ntchito feteleza ukuwonetsedwa pamaphukusi.
- Chikhalidwe chimatsitsidwa kudzenje, kutsetsereka mizu, ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthaka, ndikupangitsa kukhumudwa mozungulira icho.
- Kutsirira kwambiri.
- Pamwamba pali mulching wosanjikiza - zotsalira za udzu, udzu.
Ndondomeko zobzala mphesa
Tiyeni tiwone ziwembu ziwiri zomwe zikukula:
Njira wamba zofikira
Chikhalidwe chimabzalidwa mzere wazomera ziwiri mumachitidwe owonera. Mzere pakati pa mizere 2.4 m, pakati pa zomera 0.65 m. Kapenanso mzere umodzi chomera chimodzi, mizere yolumikiza 2.5 m, pakati pa mbande 1.5 - 2. Iyi ndi njira yodzikulira m'munda.
Njira yobzala ya Trellis
Poterepa, chomeracho chimapanga khoma lobiriwira kuchokera kumunda wamphesa, mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 1.5 mita. Yoyenera kukulira kunyumba.
Kusamalira mipesa yaying'ono komanso yokhwima
Kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, kumachitika mvula ikamagwa. Malita 5 pachomera, kutengera nyengo. Chinyezi cha dothi chikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Manyowa amchere: mchaka chimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, pambuyo pa masiku 20 nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, patatha masiku 30 phosphorous potaziyamu.
Kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa mphesa, musawonjezere nayitrogeni, izi zidzakuthandizani kukula kwa msipu wobiriwira ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa zipatso. Adzataya kuchuluka kwawo ndi kulawa kwawo.
Pa gawo la chaka choyamba cha moyo, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira kokhako kuti mupange mawonekedwe ofunikira a tchire.
Kusamalira mipesa yokhwima ndikosiyana pang'ono. Kuthirira, feteleza chimodzimodzi. Kubzala ndikosiyana. Pali makamaka mitundu iwiri yodulira:
- Kudulira kwapachaka ndikofunikira kuti tithe kukhala tchire.
- Kudulira koyenera. Zimapangidwa kuti zisinthe mphukira zakale ndi ana.
- Kudulira ukhondo. Mphukira zodwala, zosagwira zimachotsedwa.
Njira zoberekera
Kuberekana kumachitika ndikudula ndi kudula. Pofuna kufalitsa chomeracho ndi cuttings, mphukira ndi masamba 2 - 3 zimadulidwa, kenako zimazika mizu. Pofuna kubereka, mphukira zimachotsedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana pazomera, zimadalira nthaka ndi masamba awo ndikugona, mapangidwe a mizu amapezeka. Pambuyo popanga mizu ndi tsinde, odulidwayo amadulidwa.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kuwonongeka ndi matenda: rubella, khansa ya bakiteriya, chlorosis, anthracnose, bacteriosis. Pali mankhwala apadera othandizira matendawa.
Mphesa imadwaladwala kapena matenda a imvi; kupewa kumalimbikitsidwa kupewa matendawa. Pochiza zomera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo motsutsana ndi izi, kawiri pachaka.
Tizilombo timavulaza: kangaude, phyloxera. Mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo choyenera cha nthaka chaka chilichonse, kuchepa kwa tizilombo tachepa kumachepa.
Kunyumba, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba polimbana ndi tizilombo komanso matenda.
Mphesa za Codrianka ndizosiyana siyana zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala zotchuka chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yawo yosasinthika komanso kukoma. Mlimi aliyense wokonda masewera amatha kukhala ndi chikhalidwe ichi.