Mukamabzala mbatata, ndikofunikira osati kungosankha malo oyenera ndi nthaka yachonde, komanso kukonzekera mbeuyo. Njirayi ndiyofunika, imafunikira chidwi ndi kudzipereka. Komabe, ndizomwe zidakonzedwa komanso masiku obzala osankhidwa bwino omwe amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukolola kotsogola. M'nkhaniyi, tikukuuzani ngati mukufuna kudula mbatata musanadzale ndi zomwe zingabzalidwe chaka chamawa.
Masiku obzala mbatata
Zachikhalidwe
Wokolola wochuluka wa mbatata molingana ndi masiku olowera... Kupatula apo, mikhalidwe yabwino imakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu ndi mapangidwe a tuber.
Monga lamulo, tili ndi njirazi nthawi yofananira ndi tchuthi cha Meyi: chifukwa chakumapeto kwa sabata, anthu amakhala ndi nthawi yopuma, yomwe ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti mugwire ntchito m'munda.
Komabe, wina sayenera kuyambira pazifukwa izi, chifukwa panthawiyi nthaka singakhale ndi nthawi yotentha, kuopseza kwa chisanu usiku kumakhalabe, komwe kumakhudza kumera kwa tubers.
Mukamabzala koyambirira, chifukwa chosakwanira kutentha kwanthaka, kukula kwa mbewuyo kumachedwetsedwa, koma ndikubzala kanyumba kanyontho kamaphwera pansi. Zonsezi zidzakhudza zokolola.
Ngati masiku obzala satsatiridwa, mbatata zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal, chifukwa chake muyenera kusankha mosamala nthawi yobzala tubers panthaka.
Ndi bwino kuyamba ntchito panthawi yomwe nthaka imatentha mpaka madigiri 8 mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 10... Monga lamulo, panthawiyi sipangakhale chiwopsezo cha chisanu chachikulu ndipo chomeracho chimayamba kukula bwino. Koma nthawi yomwe dziko lapansi liziwotha kutentha komwe kumafunikira chimadalira nyengo yam'madera ena.
Nthawi yobzala mbatata pakati panjira ndi Bashkiria
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala mbatata mkatikatikati, nthawi zambiri imagwera kutha kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi... Itha kupitilira mpaka koyambirira kwa Juni. Koma zokumana nazo zamaluwa zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale mtsogolo, zinali zotheka kukolola zokolola zabwino, koma izi zimafunikira nyengo yotsatira.
Ku Bashkiria, kumapeto kwa Meyi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuzizira kozizira, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuthamangira kubzala tubers pansi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidikire kutentha kokhazikika, komwe kumabwera pambuyo pa tchuthi cha Meyi. Kutengera izi, nthawi yobzala mbatata mderali ndi pakati pa Meyi, yomaliza ndi ya June.
Malire
Mitengo yatsopano yobzala zipatso za mbatata pansi zimasiyana kutengera dera. M'madera ena nyengo amakulolani kukolola mbewu ziwiri, koma uwu ndi mutu wapadera.
Pofuna kukolola bwino osataya mphamvu, akuyesera kubzala zinthu mpaka pakati pa Juni. Koma pakuchita, pali milandu yobzala pambuyo pake. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati kuli kotheka kuthirira mbewu ndi kuthirira. Kupanda kutero, ma tubers abwino sadzakulanso m'nthaka youma.
Ngati mbatata yabzalidwa molawirira kwambiri, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kuzizira kwa mbande kapena kuletsa kukula kwa mbewu.
Koma ndikubzala mochedwa, chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, ma tubers satha kukula bwino ndikufikira kukula kwakukulu.
Kukonzekera kubwera
Muyenera kudula tubers musanadzalemo
Sankhani tubers zoti mubzale kukula kwapakatikati... Koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti muyenera kubzala mbatata zazikulu.
Funso likubwera: kodi liyenera kudulidwa kapena ndibwino kuligwiritsa ntchito lonse? Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito kubzala kwakukulu kwambiri, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zochepa tubers nthawi yokolola mtsogolo, koma zidzakhala zazikulu kwambiri.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti ziphukazo zimatha kudyetsa kupezeka kwa michere kuchokera kwa mayi mbatata kwa nthawi yayitali. Njira iyi yokha ndiyopanda phindu. Pofuna kukonza zokolola zamtsogolo ndikuchepetsa mtengo wobzala ndi bwino kudula mbatata zazikulu.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zazing'ono, zokolola zamtsogolo zidzangokhala zochepa, chifukwa padzakhala michere yochepa mumimba yamayi ndipo mbewu sizingathe kukula bwino.
Momwe mungadulire moyenera
Mbatata zolemera magalamu 60 ndizoyenera kudula.
Dongosololi liziwoneka motere:
- Musanadzala yokha, zinthu zabwino zimasankhidwa;
- Tuber imadulidwa mozungulira kapena kuwoloka kuti mwina diso limodzi limapuma mbali iliyonse (ndibwino ngati pali 2-3 mwa iwo);
- Atangodula, mbatata zimatumizidwa pansi.
Mutha kudula musanadzalemo osati mitundu yonse... Ena mwa iwo sangathe kuberekana m'njira imeneyi.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda, mpeni womwe amadula ma tubers amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitetezedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Palinso otsutsa zomwe tubers ndizofunika kudula ndendende tsiku lobzala... Anthuwa amati motere, mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya a pathogenic amatha kulowa kudzera pachilonda chowuma.
Kuphatikiza apo, masamba oyambira sadzakhala ndi nthawi yodzuka ndipo chomera choterocho chidzatsalira m'mbuyo pakukula kwake kuchokera kwa omwe adadulapo kale. Koma sizinatheke kutsimikizira izi kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo: m'mudzi mwathu, palibe amene amachita izi pasadakhale.
Momwe mungabzalidwe molondola
Kudzala mbatata zodulidwa malinga ndi chiwembu chawo sikusiyana ndi kubzala zazing'ono wamba. Chokhacho chomwe mungaganizire ndikuti magawo ena sangaphukire, ndiye ndibwino onjezerani (5-10 peresenti). Ngakhale zili choncho, kumwa mbewu kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata yonse.
Zomera zomwe zimakula kuchokera kumakulu zimayamba kufooka. Ndiye chifukwa chake amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, yotenthedwa bwino, yotayirira. Namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake, feteleza ndi feteleza zichitike.
Kungakhale kulangiza kubzala oyandikira patsamba lino. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha nthaka itatenthetsa pang'ono mpaka madigiri +7... Kukula kwakubzala kumasankhidwa pang'ono pang'ono kuposa ma tubers athunthu ndipo ndi masentimita 6-8.
Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kusinthitsa mbewu m'munda
Chifukwa chiyani nthaka iyenera kupumula pambuyo pa mbatata
Kuyeserera wamaluwa awona kale kuti ngati mubzala mbatata m'munda womwewo chaka chilichonse, ndiye zokolola zachepa kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwa ma tubers pang'onopang'ono kumasiya kukhala kofunika. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikuti chomerachi chimadya michere yambiri ndikutsata mtundu winawake.
Mwachilengedwe, nyengo iliyonse ikatha, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi kumachepa, ndipo zokolola za chaka chamawa zimakhala ndi zakudya zochepa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa, pakatha zaka 1-2 za kulima mbatata, kuti mubzale m'malo ano mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito magawo ena azinthu zochepa pakukula kwawo. Ndikofunika kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi nthawi yopuma.
Ndikulima mbatata nthawi zonse, ma virus ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa mizu imatha kudzikundira pamalo amodzi.
Pambuyo pake, gawo lalikulu la zokolola lidzawonongeka. Ngati zikhalidwe zimasinthasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, ndiye kuti zinthu zoyipa zotere zimangokhala zopanda pake.
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zingabzalidwe pambuyo pa mbatata
Yesetsani kuwonetsa kuti mutatha mbatata chaka chamawa, mutha kubzala kutali osati zikhalidwe zonse... Zotsatirazi ndizoyenera pazinthu izi:
- dzungu;
- beet;
- sipinachi;
- radish;
- mpiru;
- nkhaka;
- zukini;
- dzungu;
- anyezi;
- sikwashi;
- nyemba.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikanso kuti imere pafupi ndi muzu. Zikhala bwino kukhala pamabedi oyandikana nawo. kabichi, chimanga, adyo, nyemba, horseradish kapena biringanya... Ndimalingaliro abwino kulima amadyera pafupi.
Zomwe siziyenera kubzalidwa
Mbewu zina zimatha kudwala matenda omwewo komanso tizirombo ngati mbatata.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake sangabzalidwe pamalo omwe mbewuyi idakololedwa msimu watha. Izi ndi monga:
- tomato;
- tsabola;
- biringanya.
Zomera zina zonse zimakula bwino m'malo omwe kale munkakhala mbatata. Zambiri pazomwe zili pamwambapa.
Kulima mbatata, kupeza chuma chochuluka komanso chathanzi ndi sayansi yonse. Zowonadi, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kubzala, sankhani zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndikulima bwino nthaka. Kuchokera ku ma tubers odulidwa, zinthu zomalizidwa zimapezeka ndi zizindikilo zomwezo kuchokera kuzomwe zili ndi njira yoyenera.
Muyeneranso kusinthasintha mbewu patsamba lanu, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi mibadwo yoposa imodzi yamaluwa.